简单句五种基本句型课件.ppt

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1、英语简单句五种基本句型,句子成分,主语（subject）：一句话的中心My sister is a nurse.Her room is on the second floor.谓语（predicate）：是主语的主要情况，可表示动作、状态She works in a hospital.She knows a little English.宾语（object）：表示动作的承受者或动作的结果Everybody knows her.She is writing a letter now.表语（predicative）:和系动词一起构成谓语She is a kind girl.,定语（attribut

2、e）：修饰名词、代词等Her hospital isnt very big.But everyone in the hospital works hard.状语（adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词或副词She goes to work very early.She feels very happy.,句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一：+（主谓/不及物动词）Everybody smiled.The sun is rising.基本句型二：

3、+（主谓/及物动词宾）He knows everything.I like her.基本句型三：+（主谓/系动词表）The boy looks healthy.基本句型四:+InO+D(主谓/双宾动词间宾直宾）I showed him my passport.基本句型五:+O（主谓/及物动词宾宾补）What made you angry?,各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等 2.Verbs(v.)动词-谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：-主语，宾语，表语等 e.g.Kate has

4、a piano.She likes it very much.,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_O,4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：-定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.The flower is very beautiful.This is a very beautiful flower.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：-状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：-定语，表语，主语等 e.g.25(desks)_(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分,(At.),(P),are,8.Prepositions(prep

5、.)介词（in,at,on,)prep.+n.介词短语-状语(Ad.),表语等 e.g.We can see the bike under the tree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用,基本句型 一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.His words works.,V,s,主语+不及物动词,

6、Its snowing.The train is arriving.The blind do not see.Can you read?It doesnt pay.May I go?We waited and waited.,主语+不及物动词+状语,Did you sleep well?Dont drive so fast.She is studying hard at the university.She swims like a fish.She is trembling all over.You go first and I will follow behind.,主语+不及物动词+副词

7、,The meeting broke up in great confusion.The engine broke down.The bomb blew up.How did the accident come about?The concert came off well.Sales have been dropping off badly.,主语+不及物动词（有被动意思）,The door blew open.Cheese cuts easily.She photographs well.The window wont shut.Silk stains easily.Her eyes fi

8、lled with tears.,基本句型 二+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S,V,o,主语+及物动词+名词/代词,1.主谓宾结构He loves poetry.He left school in 1988.They found a cure for cancer.We took the early flight to America.2.习惯用语（动词+名词）Dont catch cold.Take care!The ice is thin.,主语

9、+及物动词+反身代词,I cant express myself English.Now Ill introduce myself.She saw herself in the mirror.I can support myself.I asked myself several questions.,主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）,Someone is asking to see you.We cant afford to pay such a price.I cant bear to see you like this.I didnt expect to find you here.I d

10、ont wish to leave my mother.He promised to see her home.,主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）,Would you mind waiting a few minutes?Why have they delayed opening the new school?I cant imagine lying like this.I prefer standing.I propose resting for half an hour.,主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句,I didnt know where they had gone.Thi

11、s shows how much she sympathized with him.Do you see now why I did it?He asked when we would be in London.You can discuss which is his best poem.I can tell you what I hear.,基本句型 三+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任

12、何词；2）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等 3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等 4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,remain,stand等,主语+系动词+形容词,She felt a bit dizzy.Youre not looking very well.The dish smells good.When she saw this,she turned red.Things will come right in the end.He has fallen ill.His advice proved sound.,主语+系

13、动词+名词/代词,His dream has at last become a reality.He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.We can remain friends.He appeared a fool.It sounds a good idea.The affair rests a mystery.,主语+系动词+副词,I have been out for a walk.But Ive got to be off now.Ill see if he is around.If he is not here,hes about

14、somewhere.She had been away on a long trip.,主语+系动词+不定式,His plan is to keep the affair secret.Their aim was to modernize their agriculture.Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time.My duty is to get you away,to save you.,主语+系动词+动名词,His hobby is collecting stamps.His occupation was te

15、aching.My job is repairing cars.Her main interest is playing tennis.,主语+系动词+从句,Their first idea was that he had hidden it.My opinion is that the plan wont work.His only fault is that he lacks ambition.,主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语,Be/系动词+形容词+介词Be afraid of/be short of/be fond of/be proud of/be tired of/be confid

16、ent of/be worried about/feel confident of/remain ignorant of/fall short of,主语+系动词+形容词+不定式,Be glad to/be sorry to/be happy to/be anxious to/be keen to/be ready to/be willing to/be afraid to/be content to,主语+系动词+形容词+从句,Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of),基本

17、句型 四+InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.,主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+名词,1.动词后接to:give show send bring read pass lend leave hand tell return write throw refuse phone 等She gave me her telephone numbe

18、r(gave a job to me).He handed me the letter(the letter to me).2.动词后接for:make buy do get play sing pay find order choose save cook,3.不能改为to或for的Fine cost kiss keep mean forgive setThey fined her 200 dollars.,注意：1.如果直接宾语是人身代词宾格时，只能用加to 或for 的形式。Eg：She often gives it to me.,2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+疑问词+to do sth.(

19、what to do/how to do it)Eg:He taught me how to read the words.,基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语 是/做 e.g.We made him the monitor.S,V,O,OC,1.常跟复合宾语的动词有：call name make think find leave and so on.Eg:I will make you captain.I found the film interesting.

20、,2.如see watch look at listen to hear feel let make have后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，常省略toEg：He listened to the boy cry.Let me go.The teacher made the students laugh.,主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作宾补）,He found his new job rather boring.He got his clothes wet.She dyed her hair brown.Finally they set him free.I like my tea very ho

21、t.She pushed the door open.,主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）,They called their daughter Mary.They named the city London.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）,What do you advise me to do?Dont allow yourself to indulge in false hopes.I wish you to be happy.Permit me to explain.,典型例题分析,1.Pl

22、ants need water.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.The flower is so nice.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.They work hard.S+V(主+谓)4.He gives me some books.S+V+In O+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补),7.Her father looks young.8.She teaches us English.9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.10.Our

23、 teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs.11.He often tells me some interesting stories.12.The students must keep their eyes closed.,主+系+表,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,1.Plants need water.2.The flower is so fresh.3.The sun rises in the east.4.He gives me some flowers.5.We s

24、hould keep the room clean.6.Many animals live in trees.,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓,基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一

25、个重要报告。,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry.(S V P)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O）I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。（S V O C）,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 1)The teachers name i

26、s Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,