科技英语写作中的典型错误.ppt

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1、科技英语写作中的典型错误例 1汉语原句这种新方法具有效率高、容易调整的优点。英语错句This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency,easy adjustment.【错误分析】(1)不用this kind of new method，汉语中的“种”如果在英语中表示只有一种东西时，不能或不必译出来，如“一种算法”，“一种方法”，“一种元素”；(2)havehas；(3)优点有两个，所以advantages advantage；(4)优点只有两个，所以之间的连接用and而不用“，”，更不能用“、”。改正后的句子This n

2、ew method has the advantages of high efficiency and easy adjustment.,例 2汉语原句本文首先讨论了这种信号的特点，然后讨论了它的产生。英语错句This paper first discusses the features of this signal,and then its generation is described.【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但由于这是一个并列复合句，一般来说两个并列句中的语态（有时时态）应该一致。所以做如下修改。改正后的句子This paper first discusses the featu

3、res of this signal,and then describes its generation.本句最好采用下列句型：This paper begins with the discussion on the features of this signal,followed by the description of its generation.,例 3汉语原句这台设备的特点是操作简便、价格低廉。英语错句The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表

4、语不能用easy in operation and low in price,而只能用名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。如果主语是具体的东西，我们就可以说This device is good in quality。改正后的句子The features of this device are easy operation and low price.比较好的一个句型是：This device is characterized by（its）easy operation and low price.,例 4汉语原句我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中所述的不同。英语错句Our method is di

5、fferent from previous articles discussed the same problem.【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后的the same problem是宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前的文章”用previous articles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示的“前面的”；科技论文多用“paper”。改正后的句子Our method is different from those presented（或 described）in t

6、he papers available（或 published before）on（或 discussing）the same problem.,例 5汉语原句只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。英语错句Only through studied the performance of the system,its advantages can be understood.【错误分析】错误有三处。(1)through是介词，所以其后不能接过去分词分词studied，科技文献常用“through+名词+of+”或“by+动名词+”表示“通过”；(2)以“only+状语”开头，所以后面要

7、发生部分倒装，can应该提前；(3)由于“研究”的主语是人，所以本句应该使用主动语态。改正后的句子Only through the study of the performance of the system,can one（或we）understand（或appreciate）its advantages.,例 6汉语原句本文对提高打印速度和印字质量提供了一种计算机辅助设计手段。英语错句This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the pr

8、inting quality.【错误分析】三个错误：(1)通常在使用“本文讨论了”这种句型时，不用过去时而用一般现在时，所以provided不合适，最好用presents；(2)“一直机辅设计手段”就是CAD method；(3)progressing用词不对，因为progress做动词是不及物动词，提供速度要用increase，提供质量要用improve。改正后的句子This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.,例 7汉语原句对构件的

9、承载能力做了具体分析。英语错句The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.【错误分析】四处错误:(1)“分析”之前应该用不定冠词a；(2)“承载”是“carry loads”而不用“bear loads”；(3)“作分析”表示为“make an analysis of”，“作研究”表示为“make a study of”，“作比较”表示为“make a comparison of”；(4)能力ability之后加of加不定式复合结构做定语，如：能量被定义为物体做功的能力，译为E

10、nergy is defined as the ability of a body to do work，如：电容存储电荷的能力取决于几个因素，译为：The ability of a capacitor to store charge depends upon several factors。改正后的句子A detailed（或 concrete）analysis of the ability of the component to carry loads is made.,例 8汉语原句共有M个多边形，其顶点数均为N。英语错句There are M polygons altogether,w

11、hose vertex number is all N.【错误分析】定语从句中有两个错误:(1)vertex number意为顶点的号码，而顶点数应译为the number of vertexes；(2)这里不能使用all来表示“均”的含义，应该使用each来表示。改正后的句子There are M polygons altogether,each of which has N vertexes.虽然从语法角度来看，定语从句可以译成“the number of vertexes of each of which is N.”但这种表示法不好，显得很繁琐。,例 9汉语原句这个方法需要精确的定位，

12、这就使得它的实现具有一定的难度。英语错句This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty.【错误分析】have a little difficulty属于中式英文，建议使用somewhat difficult。另外句中用and显得比较松散，建议使用which引导非限制性定语从句或使用分词短语表示结果状语。改正后的句子This method requires accurate location,thus making（或which makes）its rea

13、lization somewhat difficult.,例 10汉语原句对A的识别和对B的确定是使用这一方法的先决条件。英语错句 The recognition of A and determining B are the prerequisite for the use of this method.【错误分析】本句的主语有两个，一个用了名词短语，而另一个则用了动名词短语，这就造成了“非平行结构”，应该让两者统一；另外，prerequisite应采用复数形式，所以在它之后加s。改正后的句子The recognition of A and the determination of B are

14、 the prerequisites for the use of this method.,例 11汉语原句最后提出了实现这种方法应注意的一些问题和解决方法。英语错句At last,we provided some problems that could be noted in implementing this method and solving ways.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)表示“最后”英美人只用finally，at last或in the end均只能表示“最终”的意思，finally表示几项中的最后一项；(2)provided不该用过去时，而最好用present一词来表示；

15、(3)solving ways是中文式英语，解决方法应该用solution来表示；(4)“应注意”最好用deserve to be noted。改正后的句子Finally,some problems that deserve to be noted in implementing this method and their solution are presented.,例 12汉语原句由于缺陷的存在，构件的疲劳寿命将大大降低。英语错句Because of the existing of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will de

16、crease very much.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)existing应改为existence，原则是有名词就不要动名词形式；(2)will decrease 应该为被动形式will be decreased,因为它是外界因素造成的；(3)very much应该为greatly。改正后的句子Because of（或Due to）the existence of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will be decreased（或shortened）greatly.,例 13汉语原句并讨论了这一方法与扫描法相比的优点。英语错句

17、As compared with the scanning method,the advantages of this method has discussed also.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)“与相比”会使用固定短语“(as)compared with”,可是在“优点”“缺点”等名词后面应使用固定搭配介词over来表示“与相比”这一概念；(2)本句主语是advantages，所以谓语应该使用have而不是has；(3)“讨论”应该用被动语态。改正后的句子The advantages of this method over the scanning method have also be

18、en discussed.,例 14汉语原句已知常数K，就能算出C来。英语错句Giving the constant K,C can be calculated.【错误分析】两个错误:(1)表示“已知”有两种方式，一种是过去分词given，这表示这条件是被给定的，另一种是现在分词giving，表示“若知道的话”；(2)本句的主要部分应该使用主动形式，添加主语one或we，因为前面做条件状语的分词短语的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，如果不一致，则称为“垂悬分词dangling participle”或叫“无依着分词结构unattached participial construction”。改正后的

19、句子Given（或knowing）the constant K,one（或we）can calculate C.（或,it is possible to calculate C.）,例 15汉语原句这台新设计的仪器质量很好。英语错句This new designed instrument is in good quality.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)“新”修饰“设计”的，由于designed是过去分词作前置定语，相当于形容词，所以new应该改为副词形式newly，(2)表示“质量好”有两种方法，be good in quality或be of good quality，当然也可以用the

20、quality of is good，但不如前两个好.改正后的句子This newly designed instrument is good in quality.或：This newly designed instrument is of good quality.,例 16汉语原句锡的熔点没有铅的高。英语错句Tin does not have a melting point as high as lead does.【错误分析】as high as lead does部分错误，这是中文式英文的典型问题。比较内容不一样，一个是熔点，一个是铅。如果句子改为Tin does not have

21、a melting point as high as that of lead就正确了。但是英美人不这样用，他们习惯把asas句型套在名词a melting point上，这是要注意不定冠词的特殊位置。改正后的句子Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead does.,例 17汉语原句这台转动的机器将在一二分钟后自动停下来。英语错句This running machine will stop of itself after one minute or two.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)表示瞬间动作或状态的动作将来时句中要表示“在之后”要

22、用in而不能用after 或 later，(2)表示“一两天”，“一两分钟”等概念有两种表示方式，one or two days 或 a day or two.改正后的句子This running machine will stop itself in one or two minutes（或 in a minute or two）.,例 18汉语原句在这种情况下，输入不会下降，输出也不会下降。英语错句In this case,the input does not fall;the output does not fall,too.【错误分析】错误在于too，它不能用于否定句，应该用eithe

23、r表示。不过在这种情况下，一般使用neither或nor开头的部分倒装省略句型。改正后的句子In this case,the input does not fall,neither（或nor）does the output.,例 19汉语原句这个问题有待解决。英语错句This problem waits to solve.【错误分析】中文式英文。两个错误，(1)英美人表示“有待于”的概念常用remain，(2)问题被解决，所以应该用被动语态。改正后的句子This problem remains to be solved.,例 20汉语原句这个电荷与存在的其它电荷相互作用。英语错句This ch

24、arge interacts with other present charge.【错误分析】present的位置错了。Present做前置定语时意义为“目前的”而表示“存在”时只能是后置定语。改正后的句子This charge interacts with other charges present.,例 21汉语原句现有的教科书没有提到这一点。英语错句The now existed textbooks do not make mention of this point.【错误分析】错误有两个:(1)exist属于不及物动词，所以不能用过去分词来作定语（英语中只有少数几个不及物动词变来的表示

25、状语的过去分词可做定语，如fallen leaves，the arrived train），因此这里应改为existing。(2)凡用短语动词(如make use of，make mention of，pay attention to，take care of等)，其否定式英美人一般只使用no来否定词组中的名词。改正后的句子The existing textbooks（或The textbooks available）have made no mention of this point.,例 22汉语原句x 的所有值均不能满足这一方程。英语错句All values of x cant sati

26、sfy this equation.【错误分析】中国人对英语中全否定和部分否定的表达方式存在误解。改正后的句子No values of x（或None of the values of x）can satisfy this equation.注意：英明科技人员一般不用cant这种形式，而是用can not或cannot。,例 23汉语原句这个电压几乎是测不出的。英语错句This voltage almost can not be measured.【错误分析】汉语“几乎不可能”的英文翻译应该是can hardly。改正后的句子This voltage can hardly be measure

27、d.,例 24汉语原句铜的导电率比铁高。英语错句The conductivity of copper is higher than iron.【错误分析】受汉语的影响而产生的错误。这里对比的对象不一致。改正后的句子The conductivity of copper is higher than that of iron.,例 25汉语原句在这个实验室中，这台仪器比其他的灵敏。英语错句In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any one.【错误分析】使用比较级时，主句的主语是决不能包含在比较从句的比较对象中的，这也是

28、中国学生常犯的错误之一，因此本句的any one是错误的，应改为any other one。改正后的句子In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any other one（或 any one else）.,例 26汉语原句这本书的序言写得很好。英语错句The preface of this book was well written.【错误分析】两个错误：1）preface后只能跟to，这是一个固定搭配；2）本句主要叙述一种状态而没有涉及到“在何时写的”这一动作，所以应该用一般现在时，而不是过去时。改正后的句子The

29、preface to this book is well written.,例 27汉语原句为了发射无线电波，必须产生高频振荡。英语错句Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.【错误翻译】Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.改正后的句子To send out radio waves,it is necessary to generate high-frequency oscillations.

30、,例 28汉语原句其他类型的电动机也广泛用在工业上。英语错句Other types of the electric motor also are widely use in industry.【错误分析】本句两处不妥：一是名词前有“the type/kind/form/sort of”,该名词前不得用任何冠词，若该名词为可数名词的话，一般应使用单数形式，有时也可使用复数形式；另一个是also的位置，一般它应放在复合谓语的中间，所以这里放are之后。改正后的句子Other types of electric motor are also widely used in industry.,例 29

31、汉语原句任何学生均不会解这种特殊的方程。英语错句Any student cannot solve this kind of special equation.【错误分析】中文式英文，两处错误：一是本句属于“全否定”的含义，所以不该用any而用no或none；special的位置错了。改正后的句子No student（或None of the students）can solve this special kind of equation.,例 30汉语原句必须了解这种材料是否能经受住这么大的力。英语错句It is necessary to know if this material can s

32、tand a so large force or not.【错误分析】两处错误：一是if一般不能与or not连用，应该是whether or not；二是不定冠词a的位置错了，由于有so修饰large，所以必须是so large a force。改正后的句子It is necessary to know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.,例 31汉语原句电压是用伏特来度量的。（或：电压的度量单位是伏特。）英语错句Voltage is measured with volt.【错误分析】两个错误:一是这里的“用”不该

33、有with，英美人用in；另一个是volt这样的单位要用复数形式（只有hertz除外，只用单数，由于其复数难以构成）。改正后的句子Voltage is measured in volts.,例 32汉语原句这两位工程师正忙于设计一种新型软件。英语错句This two engineers are busy to design a type of new software.【错误分析】三个错误:一是“这”在这里指两位工程师，所以该用these；二，在形容词busy之后有两种续接方式，一种是with the design of，另一个是（in）designing，两种皆可；三，new在type之前。

34、改正后的句子These two engineers are busy with the design of或busy（in）designinga new type of software.be busy(in)doing；be busy with,例 33汉语原句这种材料很难加工。英语错句This material is very difficult to be machined.改正后的句子This material is very difficult to machine.,例 34汉语原句若把式（7）代入式（8）就得到a=b。英语错句If Eq.(7)is substituted in

35、Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.改正后的句子Substituting Eq.(7)in Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.或Substituting of Eq.(7)in Eq.(8)yields a=b.,例 35汉语原句声音传播的速度比光慢得多。英语错句Sound travels less faster than light is.改正后的句子Sound travels much less fast than light（does）.,例 36汉语原句这个设备有它的一些独特的优点。英语错句This equipment has a few advantage all it

36、s own.改正后的句子This equipment has some advantages all its own.,例 37汉语原句所得结果与测量值吻合。英语错句The results obtained fit the experimental values.改正后的句子The results obtained agree（或 are in agreement）with the experimental values.,例 38汉语原句定义了一种描述图论中某些工程问题求解的算法语言(我们称之为图论算法语言)。英语错句An algorithm language（we call it the

37、Algorithm Language for the Graph Theory）to describe the solution of some engineering problem in the graph theory is defined.改正后的句子An algorithm language（which we call the Algorithm Language for the Graph Theory）for describing the solution of some engineering problems in the graph theory is defined.,例

38、 39汉语原句我们容易确定该物体的重量。英语错句We are easy to determine the weight of the body.改正后的句子It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body.（或 We can determine the weight of the body easily.）,例 40汉语原句摩擦使得输入机器的功大于由机器所做的有用功。英语错句Friction make the work put into a machine be greater than the useful work accompli

39、shed by it.改正后的句子Friction makes the work put into a machine greater than the useful work accomplished by it.,例 41汉语原句瓶中的空气受热后就会膨胀。英语错句On heating,the air in the bottle will be expanded.改正后的句子On being heated,the air in the bottle will expand.,例 42汉语原句接收机的许多原理也适用于发射机。英语错句Many of principles of a receive

40、r also apply for a transmitter.改正后的句子Many of the principles of a receiver also apply to a transmitter.,例 45汉语原句物体越热，它辐射的能量就越多。英语错句The hoter the body,the more the energy it radiates.改正后的句子The hotter the body,the more energy it radiates.,例 46汉语原句半导体将在第二章加以讨论。英语错句Semiconductor will be discussed in the

41、chapter 2.改正后的句子Semiconductors will be discussed in Chapter 2.,例 47汉语原句某些元素产生放射的能力被称为放射性。英语错句The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.改正后的句子The ability of some elements to give off radiations is referred to as radioactivity.,例 48汉语原句人们经常发射各种卫星来获得有关太空的信息。英

42、语错句The various satellites are frequently launched to obtain informations about space.改正后的句子Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about space.,例 49汉语原句不仅温度和光影响导电率，而且给半导体加杂质也会使导电率变化很大。英语错句Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities t

43、o semiconductors will also make it to change greatly.改正后的句子Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities to semiconductors will also make it change greatly.,例 50汉语原句直流电总是朝一个方向流动。英语错句The direct current always flow to one direction.改正后的句子Direct current flows

44、always in one direction.,例 51汉语原句在这里必须使用一个8伏的电池。英语错句A 8-volts battery must be used here.改正后的句子An 8-volt battery must be sued here.,例 52汉语原句结果表明，这两种方法其实质是一致的，只不过各有其应用的条件。英语错句The results indicate that this two methods are consistent,they have only respective applied condition.改正后的句子The results indicat

45、e that these two methods are consistent in essence,with the exception that they have their own specific application conditions.,例 53汉语原句这台仪器的价格很贵。英语错句The price for this instrument is expensive.改正后的句子The price of this instrument is high.,例 54汉语原句这个设备占地方太多。英语错句This device takes too many places.改正后的句子T

46、his device occupies to much space（或room）.,例 55汉语原句机器人是一种特殊的电子设备。英语错句Robot is a kind of special electronic devices.改正后的句子A robot is a special kind of electronic device.,例 56汉语原句这六个月来他们一直在设计一种新型计算机。英语错句They have been designed a type of new computer since these six months.改正后的句子They have been designing

47、 a new type of computer these six months.,例 57汉语原句改进后的算法在位移矢量的估值精度上优于原算法。英语错句The improved algorithm has an advantage compared with the original one in the accuracy of the estimation of the displacement vectors.改正后的句子The improved algorithm has an advantage over（或is superior to）the original one in the

48、 accuracy of the estimation of the displacement vectors.,例 58汉语原句本文注意到该系统具有永久磁铁的特点，提出一种比较简易的方法，解决其磁路的计算问题。英语错句This paper pays attention to having the characteristic of permanent ring magnet,and presents a kind of simpler method of solving problem of calculation for the magnetic circuit.改正后的句子On the

49、basis of the fact that this system has the property of a permanent magnet,this paper presents a simpler method of calculation for the magnetic circuit.,例 59汉语原句经过对平面连杆机构的五类基本杆件和运动副的约束性质的分析，本文导出了用拓扑图论中的点边关联矩阵表达的拓扑变换。英语错句This paper has inferred the topology transformation which is expressed by the ver

50、tex-edge incidence matrix of topology graph from analyzing the five kinds of linkage and the restricted properties of kinematic pairs.改正后的句子By analyzing the five basic types of linkage and the constraints of kinematic pairs,this paper has inferred the topological transformation which expressed by th