状语从句的省略及要点.ppt

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1、从属连词（Subordinating Conjunctions）从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,ever since,once,as soon as,every time,the moment,instantly,directly,hardlywhen,no soonerthan地点状语从句：where,wherever原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(

2、that),now that,not thatbut that目的状语从句：that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case结果状语从句：that,so that,such that条件状语从句：if,unless,suppose,supposing,so/as long as,so far as,on condition(that),provided(that)让步状语从句：though,although,no matter,even if,even though,however,whatever,whether比较状语从句：than

3、,as 方式状语从句：as,as if,as though,They came here in order that they explained the matter to us.2.I wont believe it until I will have seen it with my own eyes.3.The girl talks as if she has been to the moon.4.The man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago.5.No sooner was he here than I told him about

4、it.,1.When time went on,his theory proved to be right.2.Although it rains heavily,we shall still go out.3.Child although he is,he knows a lot.4.Because you havent prepared it,well delay our action.5.There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon.,一、从句谓语动词形式错误,二、从句引导词使用错误,1.At the

5、 age of five,his father died.2.To improve your English,reading is necessary.3.Being a fine day,we went out for a play.4.While waiting for the bus,my wallet missed.5.Giving more time,I can do it better.,三、主状不一错误,点击高考状语从句中的省略,Ellipsis,1.Dont speak until you are spoken to.2.Ill buy a TV set if it is ne

6、cessary.3.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.4.He was a swimmer when he was a child.5.Though it is cold,he wore a shirt.6.While I was walking alone in the street,my name was called.,什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?,spoken to,necessary,waiting for someone,a child,7.While I was walking walking alon

7、e in the street,I heard my name called.,Though cold,he were a shirt.,While walking alone in the street,my name was called.,walking alone the street,:什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,1._(在北京的时候),I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候),Abraham Lincoln was

8、 a storekeeper and a postmaster.3.He has no money._(要是有的话),he will give us.4._(除非修理),the machine is of no use.5._(要是给更多的关注),The boy could have turned out better.6.A girl stood at the gate of the school as if _ _(跟老师讲话).,When/While in Beijing,When/As a young man,If any,Unless repaired,If given more a

9、ttention to,talking with a teacher,一、在含有状语从句的复合句中 1.when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句；3.though，although，even if，even though引导的让步状语从句；4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；5.wherever引导的地点状语从句,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,再强调：,1.The man we followed suddenly stopped and lo

10、oked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.(NMET 2003 安徽春)A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see,as if he was going to see whether,He shook his head as if(he was going)to say:“Dont trust her”.,:省略在As if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.,1.Tom raised his hand as if(he was going)to say something.2

11、.He acted as if(he was)a fool.3.She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry.4.He stared at the girl as if(he was)seeing her for the first time.5.The player is rolling on the ground as if(he was)hurt badly.6.He opened the drawer as if(he was)in search of something important.,:as if用于省略句中,如果as if

12、引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。,_,_(好象要说什么),_(好象他是个傻瓜),_(好象生气了),_,_(好象是第一次看到她),_,_(好象严重受伤了).,_,_(好象在寻找重要的东西),高考链接：1.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.(NMET 2004全国卷II)A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 2.It shames me t

13、o say it,but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.(NMET 2004全国卷IV)A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned,3.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.(NMET 2003 安徽春)A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to

14、 see 4.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(NMET2003上海卷)A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken,5.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.(NMET 2003上海春)A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 6.When _,th

15、e museum will be open to the public next year.(NMET 2002上海春)A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed,7.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.(NMET 2002上海卷)A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 8._told to stop,the excited children kept on talking in cl

16、ass,so I got angry.A.As B.When C.While D.Though,1.地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where,wherever 引导。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,2.方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso,as if,as though引导。1）as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含

17、义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。）,2）as if,as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实

18、相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气),It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（

19、实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语 气。）说明：as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式 短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,3 原因状语从句 比较：because,since,as和for 1）because语势最强，

20、用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。I didnt go,because I was afraid.Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.,4.目的

21、状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,5.结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，

22、掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的 词的搭配规律。比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或 副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。,so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many/few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many peoplesuch

23、 a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）sothat与 suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间 的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.,6.条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非

24、真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless=if not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied,lets go out for a walk.,7.让步状语从句 1）though,although注意：当有though,although时，后面的从句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet可连用Although its raining,they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old,but he st

25、ill works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed,yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）典型例题_she is young,she knows quite a lot.A.WhenB.However C.Although D.Unless答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。,2)as,though 引导的倒装句 as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as/though he was,he knew what was t

26、he right thing to do.=Though he was a small child,he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Though he tries hard,he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)ever if,even thou

27、gh.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whetheror-不管都Whether you believe it or not,it is true.,5)no matter+疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever No matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.替换：no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=whenever no matter w

28、here=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.(Whatever you say是主语从句)（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.,8.比较whi

29、le,when,as 1）as,when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.3）从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。As the day went on,the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。,9.比较until和till 此两个连

30、词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一 就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus un

31、til it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。,1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？-Until next Monday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种

32、句式表示。(1）Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(2)It is not until that,10.表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before,no soonerthan 和as soon as都可

33、以表示“一就”的意思，例：I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home,it began to rain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子 必须用倒装结构：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,

34、1.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.toC.doing D.doing it,2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,3.-Ill be away on a business trip.Woul

35、d you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all._.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Id be happy to,B,A,D,链接其他省略,动词不定式的省略:在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to。,1.-Are you a sailor?-No,but I _ A.am not B.used to C.used to be D.used to being 2.-Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yeste

36、rday?-I_,but I had an unexpected guest.A.would like to B.would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been通常保留be,have和have been,1.-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe itC.I believe not so D.I believe not 2.-The boys are not doing

37、 a good job at all,are they?-_.(03 北京春招)A.I guess not so B.I didnt guessC.I dont guess so D.I guess not,:在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定宾语是，宾语从句可省去。,:主、谓、宾等成分的省略,在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。,1.-What do you think made

38、 Mary so upset?-_her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing2.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_.A.the other is white B.another whiteC.the other white D.another is white3.-Would you like some wine?-Yes,just _.A.little B.very little C.a little D.a few,C,C,C,When _ help,one often says“thank you.”or“It is kind of you”.offering B.to offerC.To be offered D.offered,