高级病生第一次课内皮细胞的病理生理学.ppt
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1、Free template from,1,内皮细胞的病理生理学,基础医学院 病理生理教研室 黄巧冰,Vascular diseases,of which cardiovascular disease is the most common,account for over 40%of all diseases.Over the past decades,the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of cardiovascular diseases have been benefited significantly from inten
2、sive research activities.,血管性疾病与血管生物学,血管生物学(Vascular Biology)The related diseases:Atherosclerosis,hypertension,diabetes,and pregnancy,ischemic diseases,congenital heart disorders,stroke,thrombosis,tumour,.The breadth(范畴)of vascular biologyfocus on:development,regeneration,endothelial and smooth musc
3、le cell biology,stem/progenitor cells,cell signaling,vascular remodeling in disease,bioengineering,vascular matrix biology,inflammation,atherosclerosis,hypertension,endothelial-leukocyte interactions,vessel calcification,.,5,内皮细胞培养,开启了现代血管生物学,J.Clin.Invest.114:10371040,6,The first cultured endotheli
4、al cells(EC)and the criteria used to identify them(1974).,Cumulative citations to“endothelium”.The explosive phase started in the early 1990s,coinciding with the growing interest in angiogenesis.,J.Clin.Invest.2004;114:10371040,7,本次讲座的主要内容EC的特异性(自身、组织、器官水平)EC的基本功能影响EC功能的因素EC功能障碍的表现和标志 EC的分化和发育EC与血液和
5、血管细胞的相互作用EC功能检测,Blood vessels are comprised of cells called endothelial cells.The total surface area covered by these cells in an adult is 1000 m2-roughly the size of a tennis court.,If all the blood vessels in the body were lined up end-to-end,they would form a line that could circle the earth twic
6、e.,彩色扫描电镜的EC,BAEC,HUVEC,CVEC,培养的不同内皮细胞,1.EC的特异性,HMVECs,内皮细胞的自身特异性(分子特异性),1.EC的特异性,Markers of EC,Weibel-Palade bodies:organelles in EC,named after the two scientists who first described them in 1964.The main constituent of Weibel-Palade bodies:von Willebrand factor(vWF),also called“Factor VIII-relate
7、d antigen”),a multimeric(多亚基)protein involved in blood coagulation.It is defective in von Willebrand disease.,1.EC的特异性,Mouse anti-Factor VIII Related Antigen stained lung cancer.(BCIP/NBT,purple),1.EC的特异性,Human Endothelial Cell Surface Marker PECAM-1 or CD31:Platelet-Endothelial Cells Adhesion Molec
8、ule-1,PECAM-1 is typically an antigen that is shared by both endothelial and distinct hematopoietic(造血)cells.,1.EC的特异性,Uptaking of Dil-Ac-LDL(功能特异性)(There are two kinds of cells have this uptaking function.fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled acetyl-LDL is used.),1.EC的特异性,内皮细胞异质性(endothelial cell heter
9、ogeneity)(组织特异性),用DNA芯片技术,选用来自不同身体部位的内皮细胞,观察它们在同样培养条件下内在整体的基因表达程序的差异,探索来源于不同种类血管和不同解剖位置内皮细胞的多样性。分析表明,来自不同组织的内皮细胞有相应的特异基因表达程序,并分化出特异的细胞类型,并影响其对生理和病理变化的独特适应方式。,1.EC的特异性,原因:,16,不同组织的内皮细胞有相应的特异基因表达程序,1.EC的特异性,17,内皮细胞的组织特异性:不同部位分子表达的特异性,Cell Tissue Res(2009)335:205222,1.EC的特异性,18,微静脉具有对炎性介质高度敏感的特性。在组胺、缓激
10、肽和5-HT等的刺激下,微静脉比微动脉和毛细血管更易引起血浆外渗、细胞粘附。,1.EC的特异性,VasodilationFluid filtrationAlbumin leakageLeukocyte-capillary pluggingOxidant productionPlatelet rolling and adherenceLeukocyte rolling,adherence,emigrationAdhesion molecule expression,内皮细胞的功能异质性:,Nature Reviews|Immunology Volume 7,OCT.2007,815,内皮细胞的功
11、能异质性,2.EC的基本功能,Now,Andonegui and colleagues show that endothelial cells,rather than macrophages,are the key sentinel cells for detecting infection by Gram negative bacteria and recruiting neutrophils to peripheral tissues.J Clin Invest.2009 July 1;119(7):19211930.,Nat Rev Immunol.2009 May;9(5):364-7
12、5.,内皮细胞的基本功能(一)衬附与屏障(二)物质交换(三)调节血管张力(四)影响凝血纤溶过程(五)调节血管新生(六)对生物活性物质的代谢功能,内皮细胞在血脑屏障中的作用,2.EC的基本功能,2.EC的基本功能,Representation of three types of endothelial junctions(left)andthe corresponding electron micrographs.,Cell Tissue Res(2009)335:1725,The endothelial cell as the maestro of thromboregulation,J.Cl
13、in.Invest.114:10371040,2.EC的基本功能,内皮细胞在调整血管张力中的作用-NO扩血管作用,2.EC的基本功能,2.EC的基本功能,内皮素的血管收缩效应,3.影响EC功能的因素,宏观的主要影响因素,微环境的影响因素 体液渗透压的改变、血管张力变化(血流动力学变化)、炎性介质和细胞因子的释放、激素水平的变化、血糖浓度、代谢产物(特别是氧化产物)的堆积等都在影响内皮细胞的功能。,3.影响EC功能的因素,www.houstontech.org/en/releases/printview.asp?175,内皮细胞功能障碍是多种疾病发病的前提和重要因素。,4.EC功能障碍的表现,内
14、皮细胞功能障碍的表现和标志(一)内皮细胞功能损伤和激活的表现 内皮依赖性的血管舒缩功能障碍 凝血/纤溶功能障碍 血管通透性升高 促炎作用明显,Role of endothelial function in maintaining balance of thrombosis and fibrinolysis.,Bone Marrow Transplantation(2008)41,677686,4.EC功能障碍的表现,内皮细胞功能障碍的主要表现,plus:barrier dysfunction,4.EC功能障碍的表现,内皮细胞损伤和激活的标志(血清学检查)Weibel-Palade 小体释放的物
15、质 von Willebrand factor,vWF;Thrombomodulin,TM;Angiopoietin-2(血管生成素-2,Ang-2)2.粘附分子3.其它标记物,4.EC功能障碍的表现,以血管病变为主的糖尿病视网膜病,非增生性微小动脉瘤 点状出血坚硬或柔软分泌物棉絮状血管梗塞斑点样水肿增生性新血管形成(angiogenesis)视网膜剥离,4.EC功能障碍的表现,四、改善内皮细胞功能的策略(一)活化蛋白C(activated Protein C,APC)(二)维生素C(三)组织因子途径抑制剂(TFPI)(四)糖皮质激素和胰岛素(五)具有内皮屏障保护功能的内源性介质,Barrie
16、r Stabilizing Mediators1.Glucocorticoids2.Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 system3.Adrenomedullin(AM)and Intermedin/AM2 4.Sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)5.Activated protein C6.Statins,Vit C,PGE2 and PGI2,Insulin,.,2023/8/18,Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.2009 Mar;10(3):165-77.,Postgrad Med J 2003;79:5-10.Drotrecogin alfa(ac
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