最新的动词讲解.ppt

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1、VERBS,动词,动词的定义和特征动词的分类谓语动词和非谓语动词动词的时态动词的语态,表示_的词叫做动词。,下面哪些词不是动词？raise they write the be become remains shall myself will done can must burning second wonderful care for nothing until dreamed,*动词和名词，代词一样，也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数必须与主语的人称和数一致。,动作或状态,语法特征,时态（tense)语态（voice)语气（mood),表示动作的时间和方面。16种时态，8种常用。表示动词

2、的主语和宾语之间的关系，即主动和被动语态。表示说话人对所说事物的态度。请求，愿望，假设，怀疑等,按动词的功能划分,根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）系动词（Link Verb）助动词（Auxiliary Verb）情态动词（Modal Verb）*头脑中应该马上浮现这几类动词的单词，每类至少5-8个。,按动词功能分类,实义动词 在句中独立做谓语,1.及物动词vt.（Transitive Verb）本身意义不完整，需要接宾语意义才完整 I like this book very much.we call the bird Polly.Please

3、pass me the salt.2.不及物动词vi.（Intransitive Verb）本身意义完整，无需接宾语 Horses run fast.They work in a factory.不及物动词+介词=及物动词 Look at the black board.listen to me carefully.,*即可作vt.又可作Vi.She can dance and sing.She can sing many English songs.,及物动词or不及物动词练习,He arrived at the bus stop.He got to the bus stop.He reac

4、hed the bus stop.They listen to the radio every morning.We watch TV on Sunday.,不及物 vi,不及物 vi,及物 vt,不及物 vi,及物 vt,系动词 Link Verb,系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（通常为名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,1.be动词 I am a girl you are beautiful.2.感官动词 sound听起来 Her voice sounds worried.look看上去 Your dress looks nice.sm

5、ell闻起来 The river smells terrible.feel摸上去 This kind of cloth feels soft.3.状态保持或者改变 stay保持 Stay young.keep保持 Keep quiet!become变得，get成为变得，turn变得，4、终止系动词 prove The rumor proved false.turn out His plan turned out a success.,系动词 本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语,连系动词练习题；,Peters mother _an engineer.The weather _colder and c

6、older.The dish _ good.The story _interesting.The dish of yours _delicious.He _to be very sad.This kind of cloth _very soft.She _rich within a short time.He _ in Germany for five years,is,turns,sounds,tastes,seems,feels,grew,smells,had been,助动词 Auxiliary Verb,没有词义,不能单独作谓语.a.要和主要动词一起构成各种时态,语态和语气.b.帮助主

7、要动词构成疑问式和否定式.,助动词 本身无意义，不能单独做谓语,be 1)be+现在分词=现在进行时 He is running.2)be+过去分词=被动语态The baby was put in bed by his mother2.Have+done=过去完成时 I have finished my homework.do 用于疑问、否定、倒装、加强语气，代替之前的动词-Do you live in China?-Yes,I do.He didnt go to see the film last Sunday I do love you!Only then did I realize th

8、at.4.will和shall(仅第一人称)表示将来时 There will be more trees in one hundred years I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.,助动词主要有:be,do,have,shall（should）,will（would）,二、助动词,助动词的几种形式do/dont Does/doesntDid/didntwill/wonthave havent/has hasnt/had hadnt,助动词练习题,They are playing Pingpong ball at Room 305.The l

9、etter was last received on the morning of September 1.We have already finished doing our housework.Do you know who he is?I do work harder than before.I went to the concert yesterday.So did he.They will leave for USA next Friday.,4)情态动词,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”,“应该”,“必须”等.,情态动词 表示说话人的态度，需要跟实义动词连用,1.情态

10、动词的特征（1）有一定词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词连用，构成谓语。（2）无人称和数的变化（3）后接动词原形（4）具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。,*常见的情态动词有shall,should,will,would,can,could,may,might,need,must,may,dare,等,情态动词的用法,can,could1.表示能力，意为“能，会”-Can you play football?你会打篮球吗？-Yes,I can.是的，我会。-No,I cant.不，我不会。2.表示怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句中。Li Hua cant be in the

11、classroom.李华不可能在教室里。3.can 的过去式是could,表示过去的能力。4.以can开头的一般疑问句都用can 来回答 以could开头的一般疑问句都用could来回答,自己看,may1.表示推测，意为“可能；也许”，用于肯定句中 He may come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。2.表示请求、许可，意为“可能”May I borrow your book?我可以借用你的书吗？3.表示祝福 May you success!祝你成功！,自己看,must1.表示“必须，应该”2.表示推测，“一定”（只能用于肯定句）3.在否定句中，表推测“不可能”应用 cant4.否定句中

12、，mustnt 表示禁止，“不允许”例如：I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.,自己看,have tohave to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.,自己看,通过对话掌握情态动词,情态动词练习题,_I use your dictionary?The work _be finished as soon a

13、s possible.You _study hard in English.George _speak several languages.,must,should,May,can,动词有五种基本形式,动词原形（verb stem)第三人称单数(third person singular present tense form)现在分词(present participle)过去式(past tense form)过去分词(past participle),动词的五种形式,自己填填看,动词的五种形式,动词口诀现在分词的变法可概括为：单词之后加-ing，有e先要砍它去，辅音y直接加，还有重读闭音节

14、，字母双写好亲热。live-living,studying,sitting,过去式及过去分词可概括为：,过去两种加-ed，e尾单词直接-d，辅音字母加y，-ed之前变i。learned,stopped;closed,study-studied,注意：掌握五种形式的变化规律I work in the factory.He works in the office.We are dancing together.I caught a cold last week.She has watered the flower.,通过对话掌握情态动词,边看边思考边理解,A:Im moving on Saturd

15、ay.Could you help me?我星期六要搬家,你能帮助我吗?,B:I would like to help you,butI went to my doctor yesterday,and she told me that I shouldnt lift anything heavy for a while.Can I help you any other way besides moving?我很想帮你,可是昨天我看了医生,她说我暂时不要搬重物,除了搬东西之外,其他地方我能否帮上忙?,A:Yes.I dont have enough boxes.Could you help me

16、 find some?有的，我箱子不够用，你可以帮我找一些吗？B:Sure.I have to go shopping this afternoon.Ill pick up some boxes for you.当然可以，今天下午我得去买东西。我顺便帮你买些箱子吧。,A：Boxes can be heavy.You had better not lift them yourself.箱子也重，你最好不要自己一个人拿。B：Dont worry.I ll ask someone to help me.不用担心，我会叫人帮忙的。,A：Thanks.I dont have a free minute.

17、I couldnt go to work all last week.Theres so much to do.谢谢，我真是忙得不可开交。上周整整一个星期我都没能去上班。我有太多事情要做了。B：I know what you mean.You must be tired.我理解，你一定非常累。,A：I am.I have another favor to ask.Can I borrow your van on Saturday?是的。我想请你再帮我一个忙，星期六我可以借用你的货车吗？B：I have to work on Saturday.How about Sunday?I dont ha

18、ve to work on Sunday.星期六我要上班。星期天怎么样？我星期天不用上班。,A：Thats impossible.I need to move out on Saturday.The new tenants are moving in Sunday morning.不行，我星期六就得搬出去。新的租客星期天早上就会搬进来。,B：Let me ask my brother.He has a van too.He might be able to let you use his van.He has to work on Saturday too,but only for half

19、a day.我问问我的哥哥吧，他也有一辆货车。也许他能借给你用。他星期六也要上班，可是只上半天而已。,A：Thanks.Id appreciate it if you could ask him.谢谢你，如果你能问他，我将不胜感激。B：Why are you moving?You have a great apartment.你为什么要搬走？你现在的公寓很不错。,A:We decided to move to the suburbs.Its quieter there.And I want to have a dog.Im not supposed to have a dog in my pr

20、esent apartment.But my new landlord says I may have a dog.我们决定搬到郊区去，那里比较安静。而且我想养狗。现在的公寓不允许我养狗。但我的新房东说我可以养。,B：I would rather have a cat.Theyre easier to take care of.我宁愿养猫。他们更容易照顾。,5.5 助动词do 的用法,1）构成一般疑问句，例如：Do you want to pass the CET?2）do+not 构成否定句，例如：I do not want to be criticized.3)构成否定祈使句，例如：Don

21、t be so absent-minded.*构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和 does。,助动词do 的用法,4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气 I do miss you.5）用于倒装句，例如：Never did I hear of such a thing.说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等6）用作代动词，例如：He knows how to drive a car,doesnt he?,助动词have的用法,1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：By the end of last month,the

22、y had finished half of their work.2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：I have been studying English for ten years.3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：English has been taught in China for many years.,助动词shall和will的用法,shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：I shall study harder at English.He shall come.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。

23、）He will come.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）,助动词should,would的用法,1）should-shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.“What shall I do next week?”I asked.2）would-will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称 I will go,he said.He said he would come.,二、短语动词,：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，

24、表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下,返回,三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),2、非谓语动词,返回,5.8 短语动词,动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。Turn off the radio.短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1）动词+副词，如：black out；2）动词+介词，如：look into；3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词,5.9 非谓语动词,1）不定式时态语态 主动被动一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done2）动名词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3）分词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done,