时间药理学和时间治疗学.ppt
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1、2023/8/16,1,时间药理学与临床合理用药,CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY AND RATIONAL MEDICATION,2023/8/16,2,时间药理学Chronopharmacology,研究药物的体内过程和药物效应与机体生物周期的相互关系生物周期性(bioperiodicity)机体的功能状态随时间推移所呈现的规律性变化,包括近日节律(昼夜节律circadian rhythm)和近年节律(circannual rhythm),2023/8/16,3,The distinguish on the effect of drug while using in different
2、 time,The same disease,same medicine,same dose,take in different time of a day,there are different effect and toxicity.The degree of the difference may be twofold,or even decades times.,2023/8/16,4,The revolving circling movement of time which can be compared to the circadian rhythms that regulate t
3、he behaviour,physiology and function of living organisms at many biochemical levels.The daily patterns of hormone release result in different body temperatures,pulse and blood pressure depending on the time of the day.This can be applied to the understanding and treatment of disease.,2023/8/16,5,Eff
4、ective treatment must work with the bodys clocks not against them.The evidence suggests the treatment of disease could be improved by giving drugs at carefully selected times of the day.Chronopharmacology aims at achieving optimum drug effect and minimum adverse effect without altering the functioni
5、ng of the drug in the body.Modern chronopharmacology investigates drug effects as a function of biological timing.,2023/8/16,6,影响药物作用的时间因素,Chronopharmacokinetics Chronopharmacodynamics E=F(,C,S)E:药效及毒性作用的强度:常数:药物的内在活性C:作用部位的药物浓度S:机体对药物的反应性,2023/8/16,7,The effect of bioperiodicity on the absorption o
6、f medicine,药物吸收与机体节律性的关系 9时与21时口服氨茶碱的血药浓度比较,尽管AUC和t1/2相同,但9时的tmax短;Cmax高,2023/8/16,8,The effect of bioperiodicity on the distribution of medicine,9时与21时口服地西泮的血药浓度比较:9时的Cmax高;tmax短 禁食状态下给药仍然存在这种差异在静脉注射给药时,仍然表现出这种差异 提示:这种变化与血浆蛋白含量的节律变化有关(地西泮的血浆蛋白结合率为99),2023/8/16,9,The effect of bioperiodicity on the
7、metabolism of medicine,肝脏酶的活性具有昼夜节律性肝脏酶活性低时,药物代谢慢,作用维持时间长肝脏酶活性高时,药物代谢快,作用维持时间短肾上腺皮质激素的昼夜节律性也会影响药物代谢(晨后高午后低),2023/8/16,10,The effect of bioperiodicity on the excretion of medicine,The rhythm of the acid and base flow of the urine The most acid at 2:00 A.M.(pH 5.0 to 6.8)The most alkaline at 2:00 P.M.
8、(pH 7.0 to 8.5)Two times a day the urine should be alkaline corresponds to 10 A.M.and 2 P.M.,the alkaline tide after meals.,2023/8/16,11,The effect of bioperiodicity on the pharmacodynamics,胆固醇合成酶系统夜间合成增加;甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂可抑制胆固醇的合成,药物效应也体现出相应的昼夜节律;黎明前肾上腺素和cAMP浓度低下,哮喘发作加重;晚饭后一次给予茶碱缓释剂,可明显减轻哮喘的夜间发作,2023/
9、8/16,12,时间药理学对临床药物治疗的指导作用,时间治疗法(chronotherapy)硝苯地平对心肌缺血昼夜节律的影响 对纠正6时12时的心肌缺血作用强 对纠正21时24时的心肌缺血作用弱阿司匹林对心肌梗死昼夜节律的影响 隔日服用对6时9时的心梗发作有明显疗效;对其他时段的作用弱,2023/8/16,13,抗高血压药物对血压昼夜节律的影响受体阻断药和受体阻断药对血压的昼夜节律无明显影响、受体阻断药拉贝洛尔,每日三次给药时,可降低24小时的收缩压;如每日6时一次给药时,可减弱血压昼夜节律的振幅硝苯地平可抑制血压的昼夜节律维拉帕米可抑制心率的昼夜节律,2023/8/16,14,药物代谢的节律
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