心血管医生戒烟知识及策略.ppt
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1、心血管医生戒烟知识及策略,烟草依赖是一种慢性成瘾性疾病 WHO国际疾病分类(ICD-10,F17.2),中国的男性吸烟率居高不下,Mackay J,et al.The Tobacco Atlas.Second Ed.American Cancer Society Myriad Editions Limited,Atlanta,Georgia,2006.Also available online at:http:/.,美国24%19%,男女,澳大利亚19%16%,白俄罗斯53%7%,巴西22%14%,加拿大22%17%,智利48%37%,中国67%2%,埃及45%12%,法国30%21%,冰岛2
2、5%20%,墨西哥13%5%,伊朗22%2%,肯尼亚21%1%,瑞典17%18%,菲律宾41%8%,葡萄牙33%10%,南非23%8%,印度47%17%,俄罗斯60%16%,意大利33%17%,西班牙39%25%,德国37%28%,吸烟是中国人心血管疾病的重要危险因素,高血压 160M血脂异常 160M 糖尿病 20MIFG 20M肥胖 60M超重 200M吸烟 350M被动吸烟 540M,中国NEHNS IV,冠心病是吸烟致死疾病的前三位之一,由吸烟引起死亡的前三位疾病:国外资料为:COPD冠心病肺癌国内资料为:COPD肺癌冠心病,1.Surgeoen Generals Report.Hea
3、lth Consequences of Smoking;2004.2.J Natl Cancer Inst.1993;85(24):1994.2 3.Crane.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.1996;5(8):639.4.Miligi.Am J Ind Med.1999;36(1):60.5.Roman.Cerebrovasc Dis,2005;20(Suppl 2):91.6.Willigendael.J Vasc Surg.2004;40:1158.7.Yang.BMJ.1999;319:143,吸烟促发心血管疾病的发病机理,内皮功能紊乱血栓生成增加炎
4、症反应加强氧化修饰,Lavi et al.Circulation.2007;115:2621-2627;http:/HIC/Topics/Diag/diangio.cfm.Accessed June 14,2007.,右冠状动脉粥样硬化,吸烟使血栓生成增加,组织因子(TF)在动脉粥样硬化斑块有高表达,这可能在血栓形成中发挥重要作用TF 水平以 Xa因子(FXa)进行评价吸烟者与非吸烟者比,循环中TF活性远高于后者,Sambola et al.Circulation.2003;107:973-977.,Factor Xa(FXa)pmol/L/min,P=.003,217,283,0,100,2
5、00,300,400,吸烟者吸烟前(2支烟),吸烟者吸烟后(2支烟),吸烟加重动脉粥样硬化,Waters et al.Circulation.1996;94:614-621.,已有病变加重的发生率,吸烟者,非吸烟者,P=.002,57,37,患者百分率,新病变发生率,吸烟者,P=.007,36,20,非吸烟者,患者百分率,吸烟增加急性非致死性心梗的风险,与非吸烟者相比,吸烟者发生急性非致死性心梗的风险增加3倍。,aThe ratio of the odds of development of disease in exposed persons to the odds of developme
6、nt of disease in nonexposed persons.Teo.Lancet.2006;368:647-658.,OR(95%CI)a,年龄40,年龄40-49,年龄50-59,年龄60-69,年龄70,Yusuf S et al.Lancet.2004;364:937-52,每日吸烟量与心肌梗死发生有量效关系,吸烟增加冠心病死亡风险,a The probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event i
7、n nonexposed people.Adjusted for age.Willett et al.N Engl J Med.1987;317(21):1303-1309.,致死冠心病的相对风险,1-14/日,非吸烟者,15-24/日,25/日,吸烟者每日吸烟量,相对风险可信区间,95,吸烟增加心源性猝死的风险,aThe probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people.
8、Adjusted for age.Wannamethee et al.Circulation.1995;91:1749-1756.,吸烟使冠脉介入治疗后发生Q波心梗的风险增高,aThe probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people.Adjusted for the baseline variables significantly associated with each
9、 end point.Hasdai et al.N Engl J Med.1997;336:755-761.,吸烟增加致命性和非致命性脑卒中风险,aThe probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people.Adjusted for age,follow-up period,history of diabetes,hypertension,high cholesterol l
10、evels,and relative weight(in 5 categories).Colditz et al.N Engl J Med.1988;318(15):937-941.,吸烟增加出血性卒中风险,aThe probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people.Adjusted for age,exercise,alcohol consumption,body mas
11、s index,history of hypertension,and history of diabetes.Kurth et al.Stroke.2003;34:2792-2795.,总出血性脑卒中,脑内出血,蛛网膜下腔出血,不吸烟者(n=20,339),每日吸烟量少于15支(n=1914),2.06,3.43,2.39,2.89,1.74,4.04,每日吸烟量多于15支(n=3265),吸烟增加脑卒中死亡风险,aTwenty-year age-adjusted mortality per 10,000 person-years for men.P.014 for trend.Hart e
12、t al.Stroke.1999;30:1999-2007.,15-24,1-15,25,吸烟者每日吸烟量(支),死亡率,/10000人*年,吸烟增加外周血管疾病危险,吸烟使发生PVD的时间早10年吸烟使发生PVD的风险增加10-16倍,高于冠心病的发生风险吸烟与下列血管疾病的风险增加有关:无症状的 PVD间歇性跛行PVD的进展因PVD并发症引起的截肢股帼动脉旁路失败血管手术后的死亡,Freund KM,The Framingham Study:34 years of follow-up.Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:417-424,吸烟与主动脉瘤发生有量效关系,吸烟促进主动脉扩张
13、吸烟增加主动脉瘤死亡风险,Witteman JC,.Circulation 1993;88:2156-2162Wilmink TB,J Vasc Surg 1999;30:1099-1105,1.CDC.Surgeon General Report 2004 2.American Cancer Society.Guide to Quitting Smoking2006,肺功能改善减少咳嗽鼻窦充血呼吸急促等,3个月,肺癌发生率是继续吸烟者的30-50%,CAD危险减少50%,CAD危险与正常不吸烟者相似,卒中危险恢复到正常不吸烟者水平,1年,5 年,10 年,15 年,戒烟,戒烟使冠心病风险减少
14、,aThe ratio of the odds of development of disease in exposed persons to the odds of development of disease in nonexposed persons.Adjusted for sex,region,diet,alcohol,physical activity,consumption of fruits,vegetables,and alcohol.Adapted from Teo.Lancet.2006;368:647-658.,戒烟使急性心梗风险降低,与吸烟者相比,冠状动脉介入治疗后戒
15、烟者整体死亡风险明显下降,生存率(%),100,80,60,40,20,0,时间(年),Hasdai.N Engl J Med.1997;336(11):755-761.,戒烟者,持续吸烟者,戒烟使冠状动脉介入治疗后死亡率下降,戒烟使冠状动脉旁路移植术后死亡率减低,对戒烟的生存收益进行评估,戒烟5年,生存率提高3,戒烟5年可提高10,戒烟15年则可提高15。,Adapted from van Domburg et al.J Am Coll Cardiol.2000;36(3):878-883.,生存概率(%),0,5,10,15,20,年,P.0001(戒烟者 vs 吸烟者),不吸烟者,持续吸
16、烟者,100,80,60,40,20,0,戒烟者,戒烟者与持续吸烟者相比,反复发生心脏骤停风险明显降低,aAbstention period of 3 years.Hallstrom et al.N Engl J Med.1986;314:271-275.,3年内发生率(%),P=.038,心脏骤停反复发作,27,19,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,吸烟者,戒烟者,a,戒烟使心脏骤停风险减低,aThe probability of an event(developing a disease)occurring in exposed people compared with the pr
17、obability of the event in nonexposed people.Adjusted for age and treatment assignment.Robbins et al.Ann Intern Med.1994;120(6):458-462.,不吸烟者,戒烟者,吸烟者(20支/日),吸烟者(20 支/日),P.0001(趋势),戒烟使卒中风险降低,与持续吸烟的患者比较,戒烟者非致死性脑卒中的发生风险降低,Jonason et al.Acta Med Scand.1987;221:253-260.,年,累积静息痛(%),30,20,10,0,P=.049,戒烟,吸烟,
18、戒烟使外周血管疾病症状改善,对于间歇性跛行(IC)患者,戒烟可减缓外周血管病的进一步加重。,戒烟是冠心病强效干预措施,Critchley JA,Capewell S.JAMA;2003;290:86-97,戒烟$2,000 6,000降血压药物$9,000 26,000降血脂药物$50,000 196,000,平均每挽救一个生命年(人年)的成本:,Benowitz,Prog Cardiovasc Dis,2003;46:91,戒烟是降低心血管风险最经济的干预方式,烟草依赖的病理生理机制,尼古丁依赖是烟草依赖的基础,nAcc=Nucleus Accumbens.Adapted from Picc
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