心脏复苏解决方案.ppt
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1、心脏复苏解决方案,一个电生理事件,健康的心脏,一连串的事件,A Heart in Distress,突发心脏骤停,不协调的,很快的心脏节律 心室纤维颤动(VF室颤)一部分室性心动过速(VT室速)无效的心脏泵血无意识,无呼吸不进行除颤会死亡,Stereotype,Reality,Male,Old,OverweightSmokerHigh cholesterol,Chest PainDizziness,Heart Attack,Male and Female,Any Age,Often No Clear Risk Factors,Often No Cardiac History,Often No
2、Symptoms,Gender,Age,RiskFactors,MedicalHistory,PresentingSymptoms,SCA Fiction vs.Fact,什么是除颤?,对心脏的电击停止不协调的节律容许恢复正常节律和脉搏室颤最权威性的治疗手段,颤动,除颤,转复成功,什么是除颤器?,A Defibrillator de-Fibrillates a fibrillating heart,by send a electric shock of sufficient dosage&method of delivery,that causes random action to stop,
3、to allow the normal heart-control to take back control.IT DOES NOT RE-START the HeartFundamentally it terminates Ventricular Fibrillation.,能量和波形,水桶模型,电容器,能量,电压伏特,电流,病人阻抗,电容=水桶能量=储水量电压=水面高度(压力)电流=水流阻抗=流动阻力,能量(E)、电压和电流,电压(V)、电流(I)和 阻抗(R),能量和波形,V=IR,V x I=P电压 x 电流=功率(瓦特)P x t=Energy功率 x 时间=能量(焦尔或瓦特秒),电
4、流由初始电压和病人阻抗*决定V=IR;I=V/R电压=电流x阻抗;电流=电压/阻抗,欧姆定律,*阻抗由身体组织形成:表皮、毛发、脂肪、骨骼和胸壁内空气,一般为70-80ohm,The Standard Protocol-单相波,接连发放200J,300J,360J的能量(儿童2J/公斤)大部分现在的除颤器使用单相正弦衰减波或单相截顶指数波没有任何的研究证据支持The world has accepted it due to its historical use.Based on AHA classification of scientific evidence this rates a Lev
5、el 8 evidence,the lowest available.假定50 ohm经胸阻抗来发放电流All manufactures including Agilent/HP/Physio/NK make an assumption!,GOLD,“A review of previous AHA guidelines for the energy sequence 200J-300J-360J reveals that the evidence supporting this reputed“gold standard”is largely speculative.”Cummins,R.O
6、.et al.Circulation 1998;97:1654-1667,The Standard Protocol,Today the gold standard has been challengedAHA has since acknowledged the growing body of evidence and made our SMART Biphasic the only therapy to receive Level IIa classification Challenging the accepted norms practicing evidence based medi
7、cine,GOLD,Waveforms,the prescription for Electric medicine,Just as medications are prescribedDosage:Quantity of EnergyTime:dosing scheduleMethod:route of delivery Defibrillation energy is delivery at a specific energy dosage,over a specific time,through a specific waveform,What is the side effect?,除
8、颤之外,是否恢复正常泵血则由心肌细胞功能决定Defibrillator device stops fibrillation 所有技术都强调对心脏的电击很少考虑到能量大小以及释放能量的方法能够影响到心肌细胞恢复正常功能的可能性,Tradition vs Future,All manufactures,Biphasic Truncated Exponential(BTE),The Future,Low?or High?Energy,除颤波形,单相波:电流单向流动双相波:电流双向流动,What is SMART Biphasic,150-150-150J 不递增除颤能量序列 阻抗补偿(25-180)
9、智能双相截顶指数波(generated by 100F capacitor)根据阻抗调节持续时间,总持续时间=20ms,TM,SMART Biphasic Waveform,Time(msec),-1,0,1,2,3,9,8,10,6,7,5,4,Voltage(v),0,-500,1000,1500,2000,500,安全检查阻抗测量根据阻抗测量调整波形,+Polarity-Polarity,Phase I Phase II,TM,波形形态,持续时间,相位比例,斜率,适宜范围1,5 20 毫秒,50 60%,90%,1。Gliner B,et al,Circulation 1995;92(6
10、):1634-1643.,心脏电击治疗,除颤需要足够的电流流过心脏经心电流(transcardiac current)当电流流过心脏时将能量释放给心脏,经心电流,经心电流,心脏电击治疗,只有5%的除颤电流可以通过心脏 1!其余的电流被分流了没有向心脏释放能量,除颤电流,分流电流,1。Lerman et al,Circulation Research 1990;67(6):1420-1426.,心脏电击治疗,分流情况随病人而定病人胸部阻抗越小,分流越多除颤器设计时必须满足提供更多的除颤电流给低阻抗病人分流电流变化小,而经心电流变化大,15 A,1.5 A经心电流,6.75 A,6.75 A,15
11、 A,7.13 A,7.13 A,0.74 A经心电流,高阻抗病人,低阻抗病人,Why SMART Biphasic?,Better 长时间VF首次除颤成功率 Better 神经功能 Better 除颤后心功能 than any other technology on the planet!all Clinically proven in published out-of-hospital data,TM,Baseline,130JSMART Biphsic,200JDamped SineMonophasic,360JDamped SineMonophasic,SMART Biphasic r
12、esult in less dysfunction,Higher energy results in higher negative post-shock impact on cardiac functions Xie J et al.Circulation.1997:96:683-8 94:2507-2517,Bardy et al.,Circulation 1996;94:2507-2517,10 mm=1 mV,ECG(mm),ECG(mm),10,5,0,-5,10,5,0,-5,Not ischemia!,Schneider,T.,et al XIth World Symposium
13、 on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology,Berlin,June 1999,Defib,3 shocks,Defib,1st shock only,Double-blinded,SMART biphasic:superior shock efficacy with real-world patients,Schneider,T.,et al XIth World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology,Berlin,June 1999,Double-blinded,SMART biphasic:
14、superior shock efficacy with real-world patients,Tang,W.et al.J.Crit Care Med 1999;27:A43.,Monophasic,SMART biphasic:less dysfunction,AHA 2005 guideline,lower-energy biphasic waveform shocks have equivalent or higher success for termination of VF than either damped sinusoidal or truncated exponentia
15、l monophasic waveform shocks delivering escalating energy(200J,300J,360J)with successive shocksDefibrillation with biphasic waveforms of relatively low energy(=200J)is safe and has equivalent or higher efficacy for termination of VF than monophasic waveform shocks of equivalent or higher energy-Amer
16、ican Heart Association,Conclusion,THINK BIPHASICTHINK LOW ENERGY,Philips心肺复苏系列产品,HeartStart FR2,HeartStart XL,HeartStart MRx,为什么AED如此重要?,当病人在 1 分钟内接受电击除颤,存活机会达到 90%。如果十分钟才行电击除颤,病人存活的机会就下降到不足 5%。想一想看,在一座交通拥堵的大城市,急救医疗人员到达现场往往超过 10 分钟。但要感谢有了一种叫自动体外除颤器的新设备,简称 AED,对一个只需经简单培训普通人就可以给心脏骤停病人予救命的一击,Adapted fr
17、om the American Heart Association,生存链,0,20,40,60,80,100,1,3,5,7,9,10,30,50,70,90,0,8,6,4,2,成功率每分钟下降 7%到10%,早期 除颤,时间(分钟),%生存,Cummins RO,et al.Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care(ECC),Circulation(Suppl)2001;102:8,August 22,平均住院SCA 生存率,4 minutes is all yo
18、u have,免维护,体积小,重量轻,经久耐用,安全有效,比CPR更简单,为外行的救助者设计,增加挽救生命的机会,AEDs 援救,HeartStart AED,3,2,Easy as 1-2-3,ON,AED的操作:4步通用的控制步骤,1.POWER ON the AED2.连接电极片3.分析节律4.电击(如建议),初步ABCD检查,重点:基础CPR和除颤检查反应激活紧急响应系统取除颤器A=Airway:打开呼吸道 B=Breathing:检查呼吸,提供正压通气C=Circulation:检查循环,给与胸部按压D=Defibrillation:评估并给与室颤/无脉性室速,AED 安全控制,每次
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