应有格物致知精神.ppt

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1、有人说中国的孩子“高分低能”“会读书不会研究”缺乏创新精神和实践动手能力。问题出在哪里呢？丁肇中教授的文章会给我们极大的启发。,应有格物致知精神,丁肇中,学习目标,1理解真正的格物致知的精神。2理解文章的论证方法。3学习编写阅读提纲。,丁肇中美籍华裔物理学家。1936年1月出生于美国。三个月后随父母回到中国。1956年到美国密执安大学学习，1960年获得科学硕士学位，1962年获得（物理学）哲学博士学位。1976年获诺贝尔物理学奖金,我能理解：,格物：推究事物的道理。致知：求知，得到知识。诚意：真心。使自己的思想诚恳。正心：端正心思。修身：旧时指努力提高自己的品德修养。齐家：整齐家政。抽象：不

2、能从具体经验到的，笼统的；空洞 的。袖手旁观：比喻置身事外或不协助别人。一帆风顺：比喻非常顺利，毫无挫折。,默读课文，整体感知：,1、作者怎样解释“格物致知”？2、本文的论点是什么？3、本文的结论是什么？4、理清课文结构,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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4、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,什么叫“格物”和“致知”？课文中作了解释，请找出来。,从探察物体而得到知识。格：探察、探究。物：物体、事物。致：达到、得到。,本文的论点是什么？,应有格物致知精神。（课题即是论点）,本文的结论是什么？,希望我们这一代对于格物和致知有新的认识和思考，使得实验精神真正变成中国文化的一部分。,请按照“提出问题分析问题解决问题”的结构给全文划分层次并归纳意思。,一、论点：应有格物致知

5、精神,三、论证方法：举例论证.道理论证,二、论证结构:,分析问题,解决问题得出结论,必须重视格物致知精神,(3-12),(13),提出论题,首先，指出传统教育的弊端。,然后，分析科学上的实验精神的重要性。,接着，指出当今的中国学生依然轻视实验精神。,(1-2),谈谈中国学生应该怎样学习自然科学。,问题共探讨？,默读第二部分，思考下列问题：,作者是如何展开论述的，运用了哪些论证方法？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

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10、知识。用这两个词语描写现代学术发展是再恰当也没有的了。现代学术的基础就是实地的探察，就是我们现在所谓的实验。,第二层（35）:反面论证,作者举了王阳明的例子。我们探讨一下：王阳明“格”竹子失败证明了什么？,王阳明的“格物”实际上是“格己”，而不是研究万物的道理，这是无用的，不能适用于现在的世界。证明实验的过程不是消极的观察而是积极地实践，也证明了中国古代的传统教育没有真正理解格物致知的含义。,第三层（612）:正反两方面分析,1.从现代观念看，真正的“格物致知”是什么呢？,科学发展的历史告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。,2.怎样进行实验？实验有什

11、么特点？,实验的过程不是消极的观察，而是积极的探测。实验不是毫无选择的地测量，它需要有细致具体的计划。特别重要的，是要有一个适当的目标，以作为整个探索过程的向导。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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13、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.一个成功的实验者应该具备怎样的素质？它们之间有何联系？,一个成功的实验需要的是眼光、勇气和毅力。,选择正确的目标,开展实验,坚持完成实验,4.作者列举了什么例子从反面论证实验精神在科学上的重要性？,例一：因为这个文化背景，中国学生大都偏向于理论而轻视实验，偏向于抽象的思维而不愿动手。中国学生往往念功课成绩很好，考试都得近一百分，但是在研究工作中需要拿主意时，就常常不知所措了。,例二：我是受传统教育长大的。到美国大学念物理的时候，

14、起先以为只要很“用功”，什么都遵照老师的指导，就可以一帆风顺了，但是事实并不是这样。一开始做研究便马上发现不能光靠教师，需要自己做主张、出主意。当时因为事先没有准备，不知吃了多少苦。最使我彷徨恐慌的，是当时的唯一办法以埋头读书应付一切，对于实际的需要毫无帮助。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

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16、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,读第三部分，思考下列问题：,格物致知真正的意义是什么？为什么说当今社会需要真正的格物致知的精神？作者认为今天的教育应当怎样发扬真正的格物致知精神？,格物致知真正的意义是什么？,第一，寻求真理的唯一途径是对事物客观的探索；第二，探索应该有想象力、有计划，不能消极地袖手旁观。,更多教学资源微信jxzy888666,为什么说当今社会需要真正的

17、格物致知的精神？,真正的格物致知精神，不但研究学术不可缺少，而且对应付今天的世界环境中也是不可少的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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19、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第一，传统的中国教育培养出来的学生缺乏实践能力和创新精神。第二，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到第三，这是应付今天的世界环境必不可少的。,原因,作者认为今天的教育应当怎样发扬真正的格物致知精神？,在今天一般的教育里，我们需要培养实验的精神。就是说，不论是研究自然科学，研究人文科学，还是在个人行动上，我们都要保留一个怀疑求真的态度，要靠实践来发现事物的真相。,再读第三部分，说说作者在结尾表达了什么希望？,希望我们这一代对于格物和致知有新的认识和思考，使得实验精神真正变成中国文化的一部分。,状元成才

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22、出论点）：应有格物致知精神,本论（阐明道理）,结论（解决问题）：论证“格物致知”的真正意义，提出希望,应有格物致知精神,解释“格物致知”的含义举例说明在古代并未重视“格物致知”现代“格物致知”的重要性,培养实验精神贡献人类社会,本文由古代文化典籍引出观点，以王阳明和自己的实例为论据，针对传统教育下的中国学生，论证了格物致知的真正含义，号召中国学生应有真正的格物致知精神。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

23、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

24、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,丁肇中逸事 1972年夏，丁肇中实验小组利用美国布鲁克海文国家实验室的质子加速器寻找质量在1.5109eV5.5109eV之间的长寿命中性粒子。1974年，他们发现了一个质量约为质子质量3倍(能量为3.1109eV)的长寿命中

25、性粒子。在公开发表这个发现时，丁肇中把这个新粒子取名为J粒子，“J”和汉字“丁”字形相近，寓意是中国人发现的粒子。,与此同时，美国人里希特也发现了这种粒子，并取名为粒子。后来人们就把这种粒子称为J/粒子。J/粒子具有奇特的性质，其寿命值比预料值大5000倍。这表明它有新的内部结构，不能用当时已知的3种味夸克来解释，而需要引进第四种夸克即粲夸克来解释。J/粒子的发现大大推动了粒子物理学的发展。,1、本文所指出的传统教育的弊端是什么？原因是什么？2、第4段运用什么论证方法？证明了什么？3、科学发展的历史告诉我们什么？4、第8段举研究竹子的例子证明了什么？5、第9段讲的是什么道理？6、在这样的文化背

26、景下，中国学生的现状是什么样？,想一想,7、第12段运用什么论证方法？证明了什么？8、实验精神在科学上的重要性表现在哪些方面？9、为什么说当今社会需要真正的格物致知精神？10、格物致知的真正意义是什么？11、作者在全文中运用哪些论证方法来证明论点？,想一想,第8段举研究竹子的例子证明了什么？,举研究竹子证明实验的过程不是消极的观察而是积极的动手栽种、研究生长过程、科学的观察。,第9段讲的是什么道理？,实验的过程不是毫无选择的测量，而是需要小心具体的计划，要有一个适当的目标。,在这样的文化背景下，中国学生的现状是什么样的？,中国学生大都偏向于理论而轻视实验，偏向于抽象的 思维而不愿动手，功课成绩

27、很好不会做研究。,第12段举我个人的经验证明了什么？这是什么论证？,举我个人的经验证明光用功埋头读书，对于实际的需要毫无帮助。属于举例论证。,为什么说当今社会需要真正的格物致知精神？,真正的格物致知精神不但在研究学术中不可缺少，而且在应付今天的世界环境中也是不可少的。,丁教授认为四书中格物致知真正的意义是什么？,第一，寻求真理的堆一途径是对事物客观的探索；第 二，探索的过程不是消极的袖手旁观，而是有想像力的有计划的探索。,为论证观点，作者举了哪些事例？这些事例之间有什么关系？,王阳明的事例一种竹子的实验作者本人的经历彼此联系，互相对比,?,大家都知道明朝的大理论家王阳明他的思想可以代表传统儒家

28、对实验的态度。有一天王阳明依照大学的指示，先从“格物”做起。他决定要“格”院子里的竹子。于是他搬了一条凳子坐在院子里，面对着竹子硬想了七天，结果因为头痛而宣告失败。这位先生明明是把探察外界误认为探讨自己。,实验的过程不是消极的观察，而是积极的、有计划的探测。比如，我们要知道竹子的性质，就要特别栽种竹子，以研究它生长的过程，要把叶子切下来拿到显微镜下去观察，绝不是袖手旁观就可以得到知识的。,本文就中国学生的现状，指出格物致知的重要性和真正意义，希望我们这一代要培养实验的精神。文章用举事例讲道理论证了中心论点。,总结,课堂小结：,应有格物致知精神 议论文,论点：应有格物致知精神,论证方法：举例论证.道理论证,论证结构:提出论题,分析问题,得出结论,(1),(2-12),(13),课堂演练：,课文说：“中国学生往往念功课成绩很好，考试都得近一百分，但是面临着需要主意的研究工作时，就常常不知所措了。”想一下，这是不是符合实际？如果是，应该怎样改进？提出你的建议和方法，并把你的 看法写成片断作文。,要实现你的目标,最重要的是好奇心,并且永远对自己充满信心,大胆尝试,做你自己认为最正确的事.,-丁肇中,