病毒性心肌 炎.ppt
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1、13-yr-old femaleC/O:Vomiting(呕吐)HPC:Sudden onset of vomiting 6 hours ago,vomit food only.Associated features:exhausted;pallor complexion;limbs cold and sweating.(疲倦乏力,面色苍白,肢冷汗多)O/E:CVS:BP:105/70mmhg,HR:123/min,no murmurs;GIT:soft,no mess,no palpable liver and spleen;(腹软,肝脾不大)RS,CNS:normal.Investigat
2、ion:blood sodium and potassium slightly fall(低钠,低钾血症)Diagnosis:Gastritis,moderate dehydration.(急性胃炎,中度脱水)Treatment:Rehydration.(补液治疗)Result:deteriorated and died.,病 毒 性 心 肌 炎(viral myocarditis,VMC),Pediatric Academic Group Sally,目的与要求(objective and requirement):,1、掌握中医辨证论治与西医治疗原则。Master:selection of
3、 treatment base on differential of syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic principle of Western medicine.2、熟悉病因病理。Familiar:diagnosis,pathogenic and pathology.3、了解概念,研究进展。Understand:definition and research progress.,概 述(summarization),1.定义:病毒侵犯心脏所致的,以心肌的局限性或弥漫性炎性病变为主要表现的疾病。Definitio
4、n:inflammation of myocardium cause by viral infection.(pericardium or endocardium)2.典型症状:神疲乏力,面色苍白,心悸气短,肢冷多汗。Typical symptom:exhausted,pallor complexion,palpitations,shortness of breath,limbs cold and excessive sweating.3.中医属温病、怔忡、胸痹、虚劳等范畴。Seasonal febrile disease,severe palpitation,chest bi-syndrom
5、e and consumptive disease.,概 述(summarization),4.中医文献论述(referent):(1)小儿药证直决脉证治法:“心主惊,虚则卧而悸动不安。”(2)张氏医通神志门:“夫悸之症状不齐,总不外乎心伤而火动,火郁而生涎也。若夫虚实之分,气血之辨,痰与饮,寒与热,外感六淫,内伤七情,在临证辨之。”(3)伤寒论辨太阳病脉证并治:“伤寒脉结代,心动悸,炙甘草汤主之。”,中医病因病机(aetiology and pathogenesis),风热侵 心气阴受损正气 袭肺卫 邪毒 心血瘀滞 内舍 痰瘀互结不足 湿热困 于心 心阳虚衰 阻脾胃 水湿内停 病因是风热、湿
6、热(windheat,dampnessheat)之入侵;病机是邪毒内损于心,心脉痹阻(stagnation of heart meridian)。瘀血,痰浊(stagnation of blood,phlegm)是病理产物。,病因和发病机制(pathogenic and pathogenesis),一、病因(pathogenic):肠道和呼吸道病毒。最常见CVB16。More than 20 kinds of virus,including respiratory virus and intestinal virus,the most common is coxsackievirusB.二、发
7、病(pathogenesis)病毒 血循环 心肌 自身免疫(autoimmunity)毒素 细胞 补体参与(complement)细胞因子(cytokine)神经体液(nerve and humor)脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxide),病因和发病机制(pathogenic and pathogenesis),三、病理(pathologic):炎症细胞浸润、心肌细胞变性坏死、心肌纤维化、瘢痕形成。,When there is marked cellular injury,there is cell death.This microscopic appearance of myocard
8、ium is a mess because so many cells have died that the tissue is not recognizable.Many nuclei have become pyknotic(shrunken and dark)and have then undergone karorrhexis(fragmentation)and karyolysis(dissolution).The cytoplasm and cell borders are not recognizable.,细胞损伤严重时,可导致坏死发生。光镜下显示心肌纤维紊乱,因为许多细胞坏死
9、以后,使心肌组织不能辨认。许多细胞核发生了核浓缩,接着出现核碎裂和核溶解现象。细胞浆和细胞核的边缘分辨不清。,临床表现(clinical symptom):,一、前驱感染:二周内有呼吸道或肠道感染。Prodrome:Respiratory and Intestinal infection in 2 weeks.二、心脏受累表现:心悸、气短、乏力、头晕、面色苍白、多汗、胸闷胸痛。重者心力衰竭,心源性休克,心脑综合征。Serious(complication):Cardiac failure,Cardiac shock,Cardiac and Encephalic syndrome.三、体征:心尖
10、区第一音低钝,部分有奔马律。一般无器质性杂音。可闻及早搏。Sign:Heart sound reduce and arrhythmia.,实验室检查(investigation):,1.心电图(electrocardiogram):多变性、多样性及易变性。主要表现为ST段偏移和T波低平、双向或倒置。QRS波群低电压。各种早搏及传导阻滞。(extrasystole and AVB),T 波倒置,实验室检查(laboratory examination):,实验室检查(investigation):,2.超声心动图(echocardiography):心脏增大以左心室为主,搏动减弱,左心收缩功能不
11、全。(Left ventricle coarctate insufficient),实验室检查(investigation):,3.胸部X线(chest X-ray):重者心脏扩大,搏动减弱。(Cardiac shadow enlarged).,实验室检查(investigation):,4.生化检查(chemical analysis):enzymes(酶学):CKMB LDH AST troponin(肌钙蛋白):cTnI或cTnT,诊 断(diagnosis),一、临床诊断(clinical diagnosis)(一)心功能不全、心源性休克或心脑综合征。(二)心脏扩大(X线、超声心动图检
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