语法篇专题名词性从句.ppt

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1、专题十一 名词性从句,一、定义在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(the Subject Clause)、宾语从句(the Object Clause)、表语从句(the Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。二、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1.从属连词：that,whether/if,as if2.连接代词：what,wh

2、ich,who,whom,whose3.连接副词：when,where,why,how,具体用法见下表：,【考点一】考查名词性从句的引导词在高考单项选择题中，名词性从句连词的选择往往是测试的热点。考生若不认真分析，没有正确的解题方法，常常造成判断上的失误，最终错选了连词。名词性从句引导词的用法：1.who意为“谁”，在从句中作主语。2.whom意为“谁”，在从句中作宾语，但在口语中常用who代替whom。3.whoever(=anyone who)意为“凡是的人”，它的宾格形式是whomever（但在口语中常用whoever代替 whomever）。4.whose意为“谁的”，在从句中作定语。

3、5.what(=the+n.+that)意为“什么”；whatever(=anything+that)意为“凡是的物”。what 和whatever都可在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。6.which意为“哪一个；哪些”；whichever意为“无论哪一个都”。which 和whichever都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,7.where意为“在哪儿”，在从句中作地点状语；when意为“什么时候”，在从句中作时间状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么”,在从句中作原因状语。8.whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何语法成分;引导及物动词的宾语从句时，可与if互换；

4、引导介词的宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether。9.that无具体意思，在从句中也不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用。温馨提示：我们不妨采取“一分二划三看”三步法对这种类型的题目加以分析，然后做出正确的选择。“一分”即分清从句类型：即分清从句是哪一种名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）“二划”即划分出从句“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：1.句意不完整缺连接代词：指人时，用who,whoever（作主语）；whom,whomever（作宾语）;指物时，用what,whatever（作主语、宾语）；which,whichever（作主语、宾语）。,2.句意完整缺

5、连接副词：指时间时，用when；指地点时，用where,wherever；指原因时，用why；指方式时，用how。句意完整缺不作成分的连词:有含义的用if,whether（是否）；无含义的用that。【考点二】考查名词性从句的语序问题在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其他部分应用陈述语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，特别是在以wh引导的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语。在试题的设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句的语序来考查，尤其是一些与特殊疑问句有关的宾语从句或表语从句。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.Ca

6、n you tell me whats the matter with him?【即学即练】单项填空These shoes look very good.I wonder _.how much cost they are B.how much do they costC.how much they cost D.how much are they cost,解析：选C。根据题干中的及物动词wonder可知,how much引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈述语序，故排除疑问语序的B、D两项;A项可以改为how much they cost或how much they are worth。故选C项

7、。【考点三】考查宾语从句中的否定转移否定转移主要针对宾语从句。在宾语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示“认为、相信、猜测”意义的词，并且主语是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，形式上是否定主句谓语动词的否定词，实际上否定的是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中的附加问句要与从句保持一致，而且要把否定词转移到从句中去。I dont believe he treated the child like that,did he?【即学即练】单项填空Im sure youd rather she went to schoo

8、l by bus,_?A.hadnt you B.wouldnt you C.arent I D.didnt she解析：选B。题干中的be sure同believe,而且句子的主语是第一人,称，时态是一般现在时，所以附加问句（反意疑问句）与从句保持一致。【考点四】考查形式主语、形式宾语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，常常将从句后置，而用it作形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。不能用this或that来代替it。It is a pity that he cant attend the party.We consider it necessary t

9、hat he should improve his grammar.(that不可以省略)【即学即练】单项填空_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It解析：选D。分析题干可知，it作形式主语，代替真正的主语 that从句。I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.this D.them,解析：选A。考查it作形式宾语。有些动词如:hate,love,appr

10、eciate等,其后习惯用it作形式宾语，再接宾语从句。【考点五】考查名词性从句中虚拟语气的运用(1)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语气，一些表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如insist（坚持）/suggest（建议）/order（命令）/request（要求、请求）/require（要求）/recommend(建议)/urge(催促,力劝)等后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+do（动词原形）”，其中的should可以省略。对应的名词作主语跟表语从句，或对应的名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语气。但是如果有其他意义则例外，如suggest表示“暗示”时,

11、所跟的宾语从句就用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasnt been accepted.My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.(2)主语从句中的某些句型，

12、如Its necessary/essential/strange/a,pity/a shame/no wonder；Its(high)time that.等句型中也常用虚拟语气，构成形式也是“should+动词原形”。is necessary that we should master a foreign language.It is high time that the children should go to school.(should不可以省略)【即学即练】单项填空Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New Yo

13、rk?I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what解析：选C。前一空的从句是真正的宾语，it是形式宾语，考查It is necessary that sb.should do sth.句型，故选C。It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should

14、 master C.mastered D.will master 解析：选B。句意为:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。,对于名词性从句的用法和其他从句如定语从句、状语从句及其他一些固定句式的用法上容易混淆，现将其对比分析如下：【难点一】that的省略问题用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确I believe _ you have done your best and _ things will get better解析：that在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位从句时，一般不省略。在引导宾语从句时,that可以省略。当由两个that引导

15、的从句作同一个动词的宾语时，第二个that不可省。故第一个空可填that，也可不填;第二空填that。下列情况that不可省略：当that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.当宾语从句被it替代时，that不可省略。She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision.,当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧靠that时，或that从句中含有主从复合句时，that不可省略。Im sure th

16、at if youve lost it,you must pay for it.有插入语或其他成分把宾语从句和主句分开时，that不可省略。He thinks,Im afraid,that he is always right.当that引导的宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时，that不可省略。They said that rubbing the girls leg might help.从句的主语是that时，that不可省略。She says that that is a real gold ring.【难点二】whether与if用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确The q

17、uestion _ he will go or not has not been decided.Please let me know _ you want to go.解析：whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，而if不可以。在引导宾语从句时whether可以与or not直接连用，或是作介词宾语，但是if不可以。所以第题填whether;第题填whether或if皆可。,只能使用whether的情形如下：主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether he will succeed is still unknown The question is wh

18、ether it will rain.介词后的宾语从句中只用whether。That depends on whether they will come by bus.后面直接跟动词不定式时只用whether。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.宾语从句中既可用whether也可用if引导，但是若后面紧接or not时，只能用whether。We didnt know whether or not she was ready.【即学即练】单项填空Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an ob

19、ject and _ it is rough or smooth.A./B.whether C.how D.what 解析：选B。根据前面的动词tell可知,and连接两个并列宾语，所以后面是宾语从句，由从句中or可知答案。,【难点三】that与what 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out$5 for Janes birthday present._ she said puzzled him.解析：that与what引导名词性从句的根本区别在于that在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用;wha

20、t在所引导的从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。所以第题填that;第题填What。【即学即练】单项填空One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.A.howB.why C.thatD.when 解析：选C。从句表达的就是one advantage的具体内容，is后是表语从句，从句中的成分完整，所以所填引导词不作任何成分，故选C。,_ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.W

21、here D.Which解析：选A。从题干的is看出前面是主语从句，从句中没有主语，所以用连接代词what。B、C两项是连接副词，在从句中作状语,故排除。【难点四】wh-ever与 no matter wh-用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 _ wants to see this film can go with us tonight._ cold it is,I will go to school.解析：疑问词+ever与 no matter+疑问词的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，而后者只能引导让步状语从句。第题空白处引导主语从句，须填whoever;第题

22、空白处引导让步状语从句，填however或how皆可。【即学即练】单项填空Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales,please?A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who,解析：选C。根据后面是句子可以确定用连词，故排除A、B两项。介词to后面跟宾语从句，而no matter who仅能引导状语从句，故选C。The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A.whichever B.however C.whateve

23、r D.whenever解析：选C。根据及物动词accept和后面的动词help可知,考查宾语从句，而从句中help是名词，所以引导词应该作定语。故选C。【难点五】引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确The news _ he told me yesterday is not true.The news _ he will go to Beijing is not true.解析：同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分且不能省略，同位语从句一般放在有抽象含义的名词后，用以解释名词的含义或内容；定语从句中的关系代词that在从句

24、中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰。分析上述两题可知，第题是定语从句，故填which或that;第题是同位语从句，故填that。,【难点六】it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句和定语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确It was in the hotel _ he stayed that we discussed the serious problem.It is only lately _ he had a family himself.It is natural _ they should have different views.解析：强调句句

25、型的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that,如果去掉It is/was.that句子仍然成立。通过分析可知，第题空白处引导的是定语从句，故填where;第题是强调句，故填that;第题是主语从句，故填that。,1.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.(2010全国)A.that B.which C.what D.where解析：选D。考查名词性从句。句意为：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。根据句意，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。2.Have you finished the b

26、ook？No.Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.(2010全国)A.which B.what C.that D.where解析：选D。考查宾语从句和连词。up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句；由句意“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”可知，此处用where引导宾语从句。3._ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(2010北京)A.Whether B.What C.That D.How,解析：选B。考查主语从句。句意为：一些人眼中

27、的缺点是别人眼中的优点。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少宾语，只能用what来引导。4.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.(2010北京)A.who B.where C.what D.how解析：选C。考查宾语从句。句意为：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在品质。what引导介词for的宾语从句并在从句中作表语。5.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was _ it was rather closely modeled on his

28、own life.(2010北京)A.what B.that C.why D.whether解析：选B。考查表语从句。句意为：查尔斯狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。从句中不缺任何成分，因此用that来引导。6.One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(2010上海)A.that B.how C.what D.why,解析：选A。考查表语从句。从句中不缺成分，因此用th

29、at来引导,且that不可以省略。7.When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.(2010上海)A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering解析：选B。考查宾语从句。which引导的句子作know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。8.As a new graduate,he doesnt know

30、_ it takes to start a business here.(2010天津)A.how B.what C.whenD.which 解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意为：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道在这里创业需要些什么。空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。9.To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.(2010重庆)A.whoeverB.whoC.whicheverD.which,解析：选A。考查宾语从句。句

31、中为宾语从句后置来使句子保持平衡。其正常语序应为：To improve the quality of our products we asked whoever had used the product for suggestions。10.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more active life.（2010江苏）A.whereB.how C.when D.what解析：选A。考查表语从句。agree

32、是不及物动词，从句中不缺宾语。根据句意可知，where引导表语从句，充当地点状语。11.It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.(2010浙江)A.that B.what C.how D.whether解析：选B。考查主语从句。句意为：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect副作用，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring abou

33、t side effect。故选what,意为“什么样的”，起修饰作用。,12.We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.(2010福建)A.that B.which C.what D.whether解析：选C。考查宾语从句。who dont have what we have here 是people的定语，其中who是主语，dont have 是谓语，what we have是宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故选C项。13.Befor

34、e the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.(2010山东)A.whyB.whatC.howD.which解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以应选B项。14.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.(20

35、10湖南)A.where B.whether C.that D.why解析：选D。考查宾语从句。句意为：Cindy重重地关上门并且痛哭起来,办公室里没人知道她为什么这么生气。根据句意分析，应,选why。从句中缺少状语。15.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.(2010四川)A.what B.who C.how D.why 解析：选B。考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。句意为：一个人在旅游中的高兴程度很大程度上取决于他和谁去，

36、无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。介词on后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少介词with的宾语，应用连接代词。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知，应是和谁去，故选B。16.It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(2010陕西)A.which B.what C.thatD.if解析：选C。考查固定句型和主语从句。It occurs/occurred to sb.that.是固定句型，意为“突然想起”，其中that引导主语从句，故选C。17.I wo

37、nder _ there are so many natural disasters across the world in 2010.(2010山东省5月高考模拟考试)A.which it is that B.what is it that,C.how it is thatD.why it is that解析：选D。考查强调句型和宾语从句。句意为：我想知道为什么2010年世界各地有这么多自然灾难。强调句强调宾语从句的疑问词。18.The White House has clearly sent a message to the world _ Asia is important in Ame

38、ricas global partnership.(2010山东省潍坊市5月高三适应性训练)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what解析：选B。考查同位语从句。从句是一个意思完整的句子，空格后描述的是message的内容。所以选B项。19.It never occurred to me until the mid-1990s _ some animals can be cloned.(2010福建省普通高中毕业班质量检测)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.what解析：选B。考查主语从句和固定句型。所填从句的引导词与形式主语it构成“It occurred/occurs to sb.that.”句型，意为“突然想起”。that引导主语从句。,20.After months of voyage,Columbus arrived in _ later proved a new continent.(2010山西省平遥中学高三9月份质检)A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that解析：选B。考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，因此用what来引导。,