【教学课件】第14讲非谓语动词.ppt
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1、第14讲 非谓语动词,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Dont teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。,dont teach,谓语动词否定式,2.He had a good memory like an elephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。,1,had,谓语动词过去式 would be,附加情态动词的动词原形,4.Light travels much faster than sound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.Whe
2、n asked why,please just keep silent.当问到原因时,就保持沉默。,1,travels,谓语动词单数形式 keep,动词原形,6.The president was warmly welcomed by the residents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。,1,was welcomed,动词的被动形式,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。,指出下列动词形式是谓语动词形式还是非谓语动词形式1.teaches_ 2.teaching_ 3.taught_ 4.being taught_ 5.
3、will teach_,省略to的不定式,过去式,过去分词,过去分词,省略to的不定式,6.having taught_7.has taught_8.was taught_9.teach_ 10.are teaching_,2,省略to的不定式,过去式,过去式,过去式,过去式,2,动名词,现在分词,不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之,不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。,根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)1.因为不按时上学,他经常受到老师批评。He is often criticized by the teacher because of _ _ to
4、school on time.2.因为不知道真相,这些村民抗议修建高速公路。_ _ _ the truth,the villagers protested against building an express way.,not going,Not having known,3.为了不让公众认出来,这个明星戴了副墨镜。In order _ _ _ _ by the public,the star wore a pair of sun glasses.4.不叫你怎样做,就先休息一会。_ _ how to do it,take a rest first.,3,not to be,recognize
5、d,Not told,3,非谓语动词的否定式为 not 非谓语动词,翻译下列句子,指出画线部分的语法术语名称1.Bell is generally considered to_have_invented the phone.,人们一般认为贝尔发明了电话。to have invented:动词不定式的完成式。,4,2.The building being_built is a conference center.3.Having_lived abroad for two decades,he speaks good English.,正在修建的建筑是个会议中心。being built:现在分词的
6、进行式。在国外生活了20年,他讲一口流利的英语。having lived:现在分词的完成时。,4,4.All the citizens around were praised for having_made great contributions to the development of the city.5.I have a lot of letters to_be_typed and you have to work overtime.,所有市民受到了表彰,因为他们为城市发展作出了重大贡献。having made:动名词的完成式。我有许多信要打印,你得加班了。to be typed:动词
7、不定式的被动式。,4,6.His_having_been_given help all the time encourages him to be brave enough to face the difficulties.,一直得到别人的帮助,这让他有了面对困难的足够勇气。his having been given:动名词完成式的被动式的复合结构。,4,非谓语动词不仅有时态,而且有语态,具体形式见下表,4,非谓语动词不仅有时态,而且有语态,具体形式见下表,4,4,4,4,动名词,现在分词,动词不定式及过去分词在句中作什么成分?翻译下列句子并指出非谓语动词在句中充当的成分1.The HR ma
8、nager hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had taken off.,那位人事经理急匆匆赶到机场想不到被告知飞机已经起飞。to be told作结果状语。,5,2.Talking to such a man is just like talking to a wall.3.He came running.,与这样的人谈话等于对牛弹琴。第一个“talking”短语作主语;后一个talking短语作宾语。他跑着来了。running作方式状语。,5,4.Taken as a whole,the 16th Asian Games a
9、re well organized.,整体来看,第十六届亚运会组织得很好。taken作条件状语。,5,非谓语动词动名词,现在分词,动词不定式及过去分词在句中可充当除谓语以外的各种成分,具体用法见下表(一般情况下),5,翻译下列句子,指出ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别1.Let the sleeping dog lie.,不要自找麻烦(让正在睡觉的狗躺着)。the sleeping dog 中dog与sleeping有逻辑上的主谓关系,即“狗睡觉”(The dog is sleeping)。sleeping 是现在分词。,2.A sleeping car is expensive.,6,卧车是
10、很昂贵的。a sleeping car中sleeping表示car的用途,即“用来睡觉的车”(a car for sleeping)。sleeping是动名词。,6,动名词和现在分词均可作定语,动名词作定语时,动名词表达被修饰词的用途。现在分词作定语时表达被修饰词与该分词逻辑上的主谓关系。,翻译下列句子,指出ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别1.My job is teaching.,我的职业是教书。teaching与my job是等同关系,teaching表达my job的具体内容。表语teaching和主语my job可交换位置,即可表达为:Teaching is my job.teachi
11、ng是动名词。,2.My job is interesting.,7,我的职业很有趣。interesting与my job是修饰与被修饰关系,interesting表达my job的特征,性质。表语interesting和主语my job不可交换位置。interesting是现在分词。,7,动名词作表语表达主语的具体内容,此时表语与主语可交换位置。现在分词作表语表达主语的性质与特征,一般情况不可与主语交换位置。,翻译下列句子,指出句中画线部分充当的成分及其含义 1.The old lady hurried to the bus station to see her son off only t
12、o_be_told_the_bus_had_left.,老太太匆匆赶到车站给儿子送行,想不到被告知车已开走。不定式短语to be told the bus had left作结果状语,表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果。,2.We reached the top of the mountain,breathing_hard.,我们到达了山顶,上气不接下气。分词短语breathing hard作结果状语,表达合乎情理的自然的结果。,8,8,不定式(短语)作结果状语时,前面往往有only/just修饰,表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果;现在分词(短语)作结果状语,表达合乎情理的自然的结果。,改写句子 1
13、.Would you mind if I opened the window?Would you mind_ _ the window?Would you mind _ _ the window?,my opening,me opening,2.The meeting has been called off because Mary is on business.The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business.The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business.,
14、9,Marys being,Mary being,9,为了表达动名词动作的发出者,此时使用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词动名词结构,此结构叫作动名词复合结构。动名词复合结构不作主语时,其中的名词所有格可以改为普通格,物主代词可改为宾格。如:my fathers going alone my father going alone;our taking part in it us taking part in it。,“动词宾语宾补”结构中宾补由哪些非谓语动词充当?用动词的非谓语形式完成句子,总结各组句子宾补的用法1.(1)Though he is unwilling to give up his
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