《肢前面的深层》PPT课件.ppt
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1、四肢前面深层解剖廖 华南方医科大学解剖教研室2016.09,上肢的深部解剖,胸 肌,Extrinsic musclesPectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌Intrinsic musclesIntercostales externi 肋间外肌Intercostales interni 肋间内肌Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌,胸大肌Origin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages.Insertion:cres
2、t of greater tubercle of humerus.Action:flexes,adducts and rotates arm medially;arm fixed,elevates trunk;elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.,上肢肌,Muscles of shoulder 肩肌DeltoidsupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres minorTeres majorsubscapularis,Muscles of arm 臂肌Antererior groupBiceps brachii 肱二头
3、肌Coracobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis 肱肌Posterior group triceps brachii肱三头肌,前臂肌,Superficial layer(第一层)Brachioradialis 肱桡肌Pronator teres 旋前圆肌Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌Palmaris longus 掌长肌Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌,Second layer(第二层)flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌,Third layer(第三层)Flexor digitorum profundus
4、 指深屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌Fourth layer(第四层)pronator quadratus 旋前方肌Action:flex radiocarpal joint and fingers,pronate forearm,腋窝周界及内容,周界:顶 底 四壁,Axillary fossa 腋窝,The axillary fossa is a pyramid-shaped space through which major neurovascular structures pass between the thorax and upper extremity,
5、Boundaries 边界 The apex is a triangular space limited by the first rib,the scapula,and the middle third of clavicle.The baseskin and fascia of the axillary fossa,观察锁胸筋膜(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)及穿行的结构(头V,胸肩峰A和胸外侧N),并修洁之;修洁胸小肌;,The anterior wall 前壁Pectoralis major,pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles 胸大、小肌,锁骨
6、下肌Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜The deep faxcia which extends between subclavius,coracoid process and pectoralis minor musclesThe structures pass through the clavipectoral faxcia 穿锁胸筋膜的结构Cephalic v.头静脉Thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉Lateral pectoral n.胸外侧神经,Axillary sheath 腋鞘extension of deep cervical fascia of t
7、he neck,forming a tubular sheath that surrounds axillary a.and v.,and brachial plexus,腋动脉 axillary A,被胸小肌分为三段。第一段 第一肋与胸小肌上缘(发出 胸上A)第二段 胸小肌后方(发出 胸肩峰A、胸外侧A)第三段 胸小肌下缘至大圆肌下缘(发出 旋肱前、后A、肩胛下A),上肢的动脉,Axillary artery 腋动脉Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first ribBecomes brachial artery a
8、t lower border of teres majorDivided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minorFirst portion,above musclegives rise to thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉Second portion,behind musclegives rise to lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉Third portion,below musclegives rise to subscapular a.肩胛下动脉,anterior and posterior humer
9、al circumflex a.旋肱前、后动脉;the former then divides into throcodorsal a.胸背动脉 and circumflex scapular a.旋肩胛动脉,臂丛的主要分支,外侧束分支 肌皮神经、胸外侧神经 正中神经外侧根内侧束分支胸内侧神经、臂内侧皮神经、前臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、正中神经内侧根后束的分支肩胛下神经、腋神经、桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经,深层结构观察胸前筋膜及腋筋膜,并去除之;修洁胸大肌,在距起点2cm处弧形切断该肌,割断胸内侧神经和胸外侧神经,并向外上翻至其止点。,在胸小肌的起点处切断,并向外上翻;观察穿过胸小肌的胸内侧神经。
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