英美国家概况1LandandPeople.ppt

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1、English-Speaking Countries:A Survey,英语国家概况,The United Kingdom,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Land and PeopleDifferent Names for Britain and Its Parts,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Different Names for Britain and Its Parts,BritainGreat BritainEnglandthe British Islesthe

2、United Kingdomthe UKthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern Ireland,Different Names for Britain and Its Parts,Commonwealth Countries,Land and PeopleGeographical Features,English Channel,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,

3、largest,southern part of Great Britain 130,000 sq km60%of the islandsouthwest and west:plateauprincipal mountain chain:Pennineshighest peak:Scafell(978m),in Lake District in north-west Englandeast of England:open cultivated plain,England,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Capital:London,England,Londo

4、n,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,78,760 sq kmnorth of Great Britain3 natural zones:the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands,and the southern UplandsHighlands:plateau with a coastline deeply indentedBen Nevis:highest mountain in Britain(1,343m)800 islands and hundreds of lakes,Scotland,Engl

5、ish Speaking Countries Unit 1,Capital:Edinburgh,Scotland,Edinburgh,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Wales,west of Great Britain 20,761 sq km9%of the islandmountainous,6%covered with forestmuch of the country:pastureonly 12%arablehighest mountain:Snowdonia(1,085m),English Speaking Countries Unit 1,C

6、apital:Cardiff,Wales,Cardiff,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,northern fifth of Ireland14,147 sq kmrocky and wild northern coastline,with deep indentationsnorth-east:uplandssouth-east:mountainscentral lowlands:Lough Neagh basin,Northern Ireland,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Capital:Belfast,Nort

7、hern Ireland,Belfast,Land and PeopleRivers and Lakes,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,do not freeze in winterimportant role in the countrys economygreat ports(London,Liverpool,Glasgow)connected to the sea by riverseast:Tweed,Tyne,Tees,Thames face North Sea ports on European continent,close to rich

8、fishing groundswest:Clyde,Mersey,Severn carry raw materials to manufacturing cities,Rivers and Lakes,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,longest river:Severn(338 km)most important river:Thames(336 km),second largestlargest lake:Lough Neagh(396 sq km)in Northern Irelandlake district:15 lakes,home of la

9、ke poets,Rivers and Lakes,Thames,Land and PeopleClimate,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Climate,maritime climatemild winterscool summersplenty of rainfall,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,favorable maritime climatewinters mild,not too cold summers cool,not too hot steady reliable rainfall small r

10、ange of temperatureaverage in winter 4C 6Caverage in summer 12C 17C,Climate,UK Garden,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,surrounding watersprevailing wind-Westerliesthe North Atlantic Drift,Factors That Influence the Climate,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Britains weather changes from day to day,a

11、nd this makes it difficult to forecast.It is so changeable that sometimes one can experience four seasons in the course of a single day.It has been said that the uncertainty about the weather has had a definite effect upon the Englishmans character.It tends to make him cautious,for example.,Climate,

12、English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Rainfall,average annual rainfall:1,000mm surplus in the north and westdeficit in the south and east,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Natural Calamities,fogsmogfrostsevere gales“clean air zones”,Land and PeopleThe People,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,English Spe

13、aking Countries Unit 1,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,The People,population:57,411,000densely populated:237 people per sq kmc.f.137(China)2.7(Canada)unevenly distributedhighly urbanized90%urban 10%rural,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Composition,English(81.5%)Scottish(9.6%)Welsh(1.9%)Irish(2.4

14、%)Northern Irish(1.8%)other peoples(2.8%),English Speaking Countries Unit 1,The People,Anglo-Saxons EnglishCelts Scots,Welsh,Irish,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,English,Anglo+land=AnglelandAnglo-Saxons+Norman=English people&language,Southern England:BBCNorthern England:accentEast End of London:C

15、ockney,English,English late lightwait whitehand andgo gou,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Ancient Britons WelshConquered by English,1536Welsh equal English,1965,Welsh,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Welsh,Common names:LlLlewellynLloydLlynLewis,Davies,Morgan,Edwards,English Speaking Countries Uni

16、t 1,EmotionalCheerfulMusic loversProud of their pastEisteddfau National Eisteddfod,Welsh,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Never been conqueredSafe in HighlandsSpeak Gaelic,Scots,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Common names:M,Mc,Mac=“son of”,Scots,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Scots,SeriousCau

17、tiousThriftyHospitableGenerousFriendly,past today,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Irish,Scots&English Protestants(dominant group)v.s.Roman Catholics(seeking more opportunities),English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Irish,Irish(Erse),a form of GaelicOfficial Languages1)Irish2)English,English Speaking C

18、ountries Unit 1,Irish,Charm VivacityBeauty of Irish girls,Celts,Celts,CeltsPicts,AnglesSaxonsJutes,Welsh,Irish(Erse),Gaelic,English,emotional cheerful,vivacious charming,serious cautious thriftyHospitablegenerous,cautious,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,Immigrants,Since World War II Mainly from West Indies IndiaPakistan,English Speaking Countries Unit 1,END,