《直译与意译》PPT课件.ppt

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1、第四讲：直译与意译,Literal translation&Free translation,Literal translation,Literal translation:In the course of translation,not alter the original sentence pattern,structure,image,figures of speech.It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text into consideration.It strives to reproduce both

2、 the ideological content and the style of the original works.The translation should be smooth,natural and acceptable.直译是指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式，包括用词、句子结构、比喻手段等等，同时要求语言流畅易懂。,Free translation,Free translation:translate the content,without paying attention to the formal correspondence and the translation shou

3、ld be smooth,natural and acceptable.It is a supplementary means to mainly convey thing and spirit of the original without truing to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech,images,etc.意译则从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来，不注意细节，译文自然流畅即可。,Compare,-It means killing 2 birds with one stone.（1）这意味着一石二鸟。（2）这意

4、味着一举两得。-Dont display your axe at lu Bans door./Dont teach your grandmother to suck eggs./Never offer to teach a fish to swim.-There is no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.1)再丑的罐儿也不愁配个盖儿。2）再丑的姑娘也不愁找不到婆家。,-Dont lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.不要等马被盗以后，才去锁厩门。/不要贼走关门。-Barbara was born

5、 with a silver spoon in her mouth.芭芭拉是衔着银勺子出生的。/芭芭拉生长在富贵之家。-Cast pearls before swine.把珍珠扔到猪面前。/对牛弹琴。,Examples of literal translation,crocodile tears/armed to the teeth/chain reaction/gentlemens agreement/one country,two systems 鳄鱼的眼泪/武装到牙齿/连锁反应/君子协定/一国两制The three religions and the nine schools of th

6、ought;paper tiger；Breath ones last；go to ones external rest；the long sleep；see Marx；go west；go to heaven；blow out the candles 三教九流/纸老虎/断气/安息/长眠/见马克思/上西天/上天堂/吹灯拔蜡,Translate literally,if possible,or,appeal to free translation.如果有可能，就直译；否则就采取意译。,Literal translation-compensation(change the image,or add

7、explanation)-free translationE.g.:-You can take a horse to the water but can not make it drink.不能强人所难(compensation)When applying literal translation,if the version is not acceptable to the readers,or unreadable in expression,we may adopt compensation or free translation.,For my father knew and I kno

8、w that if you only dig enough a pasture can be made here.直译：因为我父亲知道，我也知道，只要挖到一定程度，早晚总可以在这里辟出个牧场的。意译：因为我父亲知道，我也知道，功到自然成。For Kino and Juana this was the morning of mornings of their lives,comparable only to the day when the baby had been born.直译：在基诺和胡安娜看来，这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨，只有宝宝出生的那一天，才可以与之媲美。意译：基诺和胡安娜认为，

9、这一天非常重要。,Examples of free translation,I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.直译：我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。意译：我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到我妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了。When Jean graduated from high school,she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.直译：吉茵高中毕业的时候，是戴着玫瑰色的眼睛看周围的一切的。意译：吉茵高

10、中毕业的时候，她把一切事情看得太简单太容易了。,But no one forces you to go to sea.It gets in your blood.直译：但是谁也没有强迫你出海，它进到你的血液里了。意译：但是谁也没有强迫你出海，是你心甘情愿的嘛。After so much bad blood between us,how generous can I expect him to be?直译：我们之间有这么多坏血之后，我还能指望他读我怎么宽厚呢？意译：我们之间既然仇恨这么大，它还能待我宽厚吗？The burning question of my childhood had been

11、 richly answered.直译：我儿童时代在心中燃烧的问题，终于得到了充分的回答。意译：我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答。,避免死译Avoid word-for-word translation,死译也叫逐词翻译，翻译时是以词为单位进行考虑的，力求原文中的每一个词都能与译文的词对等。从形式上看非常忠实，行文也算通畅，实际上在意义和风格上相去甚远。读者常常感到费解，甚至不知所云。It was an old and ragged moon.原译：这是一个又老又破的月亮。改译：这是一弯下弦残月。,Every atom of your flesh is as dear t

12、o me as my own;in pain and sickness it would still be dear.原译：你的肉中的每一个，对我来说，都像我自己的一样亲；它既是在病痛中，仍然是亲的。改译：在我看来，你身上的每一个细胞都像我自己的细胞一样亲；即使你痛苦你有病，也还是一样亲。Being a teacher is being present at the creation,when the clay begins to breathe.原译：当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹泥土开始呼吸，开始了生命。改译：当一名教师就意味着目睹上帝造人的过程，目睹用泥土捏成的人体开始呼吸，开始

13、了生命。,提倡活译dynamic equivalence translation,活译指翻译时力求达到灵活对等，使译文读者能得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。I want to hit the sack and get some Zs.我要去睡会觉。Is this seat taken?这里有人吗？,归化与异化（domestication/adaptation or foreignization/alienation）,归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具；在实践上，强调通俗易懂，避免多义或歧义。习惯认为，当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的情况时，“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中

14、找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面，或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法，把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。(Domesticating method:understand and translate in the light of the target languages culture.)归化派代表人物尤金奈达（Eugene A.Nida）:Functional Equivalence 功能对等,Functional Equivalence,“The receptors of the translated text could respond to it with comprehension an

15、d appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”;“Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”-NidaFor instance:as white as snow 通常译为白如雪/但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译为“白如白鹭毛”，以达到功能对等的目的。Sprin

16、g up like mushrooms-雨后春笋Everybodys business is nobodys business.三个和尚无水喝Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.山中无老虎，猴子称霸王,异化Foreignization/Alienation,Foreignizing method:accept the original and translate in the light of the original culture.The advantages of foreignization:be faithful to the origi

17、nal;enrich the target language;reproduce the foreign culture better.异化派代表人物韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti）翻译负有文化交流的使命，即尽可能把一个民族的语言和文化习惯介绍给另一个民族。读者读异国文学是为了欣赏异国作品特有的韵味和语言风格。从促进世界文化交流这个角度上讲，我们在处理英译汉或汉译英时，都应着力于全面、完整地向译语读者介绍对方(己方)的全部意蕴，包括文化。异化的翻译起了巨大的作用。,All roads lead to Rome:条条大道通罗马/*殊途同归To teach ones grandmother

18、 to eat eggs:教老祖母吃鸡蛋/*班门弄斧班门弄斧：show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter.Make hay while it is sunshine:*趁热打铁If I slapped someone,he would see the way to Cracow.要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉科去。/*一巴掌扇到西天去。,Exercises and Assignments,请指出意译的部分在哪里。1.My rest might have been blissful eno

19、ugh,only a sad heart broke it.It plained of its gaping wounds,its inward bleeding,its riven chords.It trembled for Mr.Rochester and his doom;it bemoaned him with bitter pity;it demanded him with ceaseless longing;and,impotent as a bird with both wings broken,it still quivered its shattered pinions i

20、n vain attempts to seek him.译文：我本来可以休息得十分安详自在，只是一颗悲伤的心把它给搅了。由于受到了严重的创伤，我的心为罗切斯特先生，为他的厄运颤抖；怀着强烈的怜悯为他悲叹；怀着无休无止的渴望要求知道他的情况。我的心，好像折断了双翅的小鸟，已经无能为力；但还在拍打着残翅，为了寻找他去做徒劳的尝试。,2.It was the best of times,it was the worst of times;it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness;it was the epoch of belief,

21、it was the epoch of incredulity;it was the season of the Light,it was the season of Darkness;it was the spring of Hope,it was the winter of Despair;we had everything before us,we had nothing before us;we were all going Heaven,we were all going direct the other way.这是最美好的时期，也是最糟糕的时期；这是智慧的年代，也是愚蠢的年代；这

22、是充满信仰的时代，也是顾虑重重的时代；这是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；这是富有希望的春天，也是充满绝望的冬天；我们拥有一切，我们一无所有；我们正笔直走上天堂，我们正笔直走下地狱。,Home translation,A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand,lend an ear,pat a back,light up a face,tickle a funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a goodbye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,boost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.答案：一张问候卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，撩得心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手道别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可用以平息争吵,减轻痛苦，提高士气，消除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。,