《测控专业英语》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Professional English for Measurement and Control,测控专业英语,孟 浩,1.Introduction(引言),1.1 什么是专业英语1.2 为什么学习专业英语1.3 课程的学习内容及基本要求,1.1 什么是专业英语,是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性,涉及的面更加狭窄,与专业内容配合更为密切。,隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分,以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理,表达准确、精练和正式。,1)Some operating clearance must exist between t
2、he piston and the cylinder wall.,在活塞和气缸壁之间必须存在一定的操作间隙。,2)The result of calculation with antiferromagnetics shows that the compound has the minus magnetic moment because of itinerant electron magnetism.,反铁磁计算的结果表明,由于巡游电子磁力的存在,使化合物具有负的磁矩。,1.1 什么是专业英语,1.科研信息获取,2.研究成果展示,3.国际交流合作,当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播,而这些资料中
3、90以上都是英语。,世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语:Book,Journal Paper,Technique Report,Government Publication,Patent,Technique Standard,Degree Dissertation,Sample Book,Directions,Technique Manual,etc.,专业英语阅读能力,申报国家奖项 申请专利 发表学术论文:85以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的。,专业英语写作能力,专业英语表达、听说、应变能力,1.2 为什么学习专业英语,1.3 课程的学习内容及基本要求,开卷考试:平时30%(作业平时考
4、核)期末考试70%,课程的考核形式,2.Features of Professional English(特点),2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点)2.2 Rhetoric Features(修辞特点)2.3 Vocabulary Features(词汇特点)2.4 Symbol and Formula(符号与公式),客观性(Objectivity)、准确性(Accuracy)和精练性(Conciseness)。,1.广泛使用被动语态,2.广泛使用非谓语形式,3.省略句使用频繁,4.It句型和祈使句使用频繁,5.复杂长句使用频繁,6.后置形容词短语作定语多,2.1 Gramm
5、ar Features(语法特点),1.广泛使用被动语态(Objectivity),主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程,在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断;,中心是客观现象及事物本身,而非动作的发出者,把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置,既能突出中心,又能吸引读者的注意。,Surface grinding machines are designed primarily for grinding flat surfaces.,表面磨床最初是设计用来磨削平面的。,2)Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipm
6、ent.,互感器安装在高压设备上。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),3)Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.,电是在发电站或发电厂产生的。,4)The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.,仪表要被校准并设计相应的刻度,以便读出所需单位的数值。,5)Electrical energy can be stored in two metal pl
7、ates separated by an insulation medium.Such a device is called a capacitor,and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.It is measured in Farads.,电能可以储存在由绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中,这样的装置被称为电容器,它储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),2.广泛使用非谓语形式(Conciseness),非谓语动词(动名词、分词、动词不定式)在句子中
8、可以起到名词、形容词或副词作用。,(1)动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间从句,The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.,The signal should be filtered before being amplified.,放大信号前,应先对其进行滤波,2)We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before designing a new electronic product we must do va
9、rious experiments.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前,必须做各种实验,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),用动名词短语做主语,3)Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法,4)Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.,导电就是电子在物体内的流动,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),2.广泛使用非谓语形式(Concise
10、ness),(2)分词,过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态,The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1,is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图1中框图表示电源是一个单相开关型逆变器。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),2.广泛使用非谓语形式(Concis
11、eness),2)A three-phase circuit,as it was pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,A three-phase circuit,as pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,正如上面所指出的那样,三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。,3)The transistor,which is working with correct polaritie
12、s,can work as an amplifier.,The transistor working with correct polarities can work as an amplifier.,工作于正确极性下的晶体管,可作为放大器使用。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句。,(1)The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,T
13、he capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大,目的是为了满足不断增长的用电需求。,(2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.,保险丝的作用就是保护电路。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),(3)不定式,2.广泛使用非谓语形式(Conci
14、seness),3.省略句使用频繁(Conciseness),省略成分:状语从句中的主语、谓语(全部或部分);定语从句中的关系代词(which和that)、从句中的助词等;还常用介词短语替代从句。,1)If it is possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2)As is illustrated in Fig.1,there is a feedb
15、ack element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,如图1所示,该闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话,该系统应该使用开环控制法。,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),3)The device includes an instrument transformer and a relay system which has two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrum
16、ent transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.,该装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。,As already discussed 前已讨论As explained before 前已解释As described above 如上所示If possible(necessary)如果可能(必要),其它常用的省略形式:,If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed(necessary,feasible)必要时Where feasible 在实际可行的场合Wh
17、ere possible 在可能的情况下,2.1 Grammar Features(语法特点),It句型:it 充当形式主语,避免句子“头重脚轻”,It is very important(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)to,It takes very much time learning,It is clear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)that,It happened that,It must be admitted that,祈使句:无主语,精炼。,Let A be equal to B.设A
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