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1、声色词的翻译,一、拟声词(onomatopeic words),英汉拟声词的比较1.同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声词来表达:pat-啪giggle-咯咯meow/miaow/miaou/meau-喵cuckoo-咕咕howl-嚎moo-哞哞vroom-vroom-呜.呜(赛车发出的声音),2.同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表达。cock-a-doodle-do-喔喔喔croak-咕咕/呱呱(蛙鸣)drum-咚咚splash-扑通whiz-嗖嗖(子弹呼啸声)clang-铿锵(金属碰击声)crack-噼啪(爆裂声)bleat/baa-咩咩tinkle-叮当声(金属声),3.不同的声音用
2、同一拟声词来表达gurgle-(流水)汩汩声(人发出的)咯咯声chatter-(鸟)啁啾;(松鼠)吱吱声;(溪流)潺潺声;(机器)震动rustle-(绸衣,树叶,纸等)沙沙作响murmur-(微风,流水,蜜蜂,人低语)声;嘟哝(人)/淙淙(流水)/沙沙(微风)/嗡嗡(蜜蜂)萧萧(风、雨、马等发出的)声音-(a horse)neighs,(the rain)patters,(the wind)whistles,(the trees)rustle鸣(车辆,鸟,青蛙等发出的声音)-(birds)chirp,(frogs)creak,(a bugle)honks,英语拟声词的译法,1、把英语拟声词译成
3、读音与之相同的汉语拟声词。The iron hissed when it pressed the wet cloth.熨斗熨湿布时发出咝咝声。Every morning,there are a lot of birds chirping in the trees not far from our house.每天早晨,我家附近的树林里有许多鸟儿在啁啾。The champagne cork popped.香槟酒的软木塞砰地一声开了。,In no time at all,they were cooing contentedly.他们很快就发出咕咕的满意的叫声。the wolves howled i
4、n the forest all night.狼整晚在森林里嚎叫。Ha-ha!Thats a good joke.哈哈,那个笑话挺逗的。,2、把英语拟声词译成读音不同的汉语拟声词The shutter rattled in the wind.百叶窗在风中发出咯吱的响声。The stone rolled into the river with a splash.那石头扑通一声滚进河里。The thunder rolled in the distance.远处雷声隆隆。He cracked the whip above the horses head.他把鞭子举过马头,甩得噼噼啪啪地响。,3、把同
5、一英语拟声词根据不同的情况译成不同的汉语拟声词,1)The whip cracked as the wagon master started the horses.马车夫赶马上路时,鞭子甩的噼噼啪啪地响。The plate cracked as I dropped it.我把盘子掉在地上,哗啦一声破碎了。,2)Thunder began to rumble.雷声开始隆隆作响。The cart rumbled past.大车咕噜咕噜地驶了过去。His stomache rumbled emptily.他的肚子饿得咕咕作响。,或是把不同的英语拟声词根据不同的情况译成汉语拟声词3)A plane h
6、ummed overhead.一架飞机在头顶上嗡嗡地响着。There came the whir of a small machine.传来一台小型机器的嗡嗡声。The noise of the plane really made my ears ring.飞机的噪音震得我耳朵嗡嗡作响。,4、把英语拟声词译成汉语非拟声词He rattled the receiver up and down but could get no reply.他把电话机听筒拿起来又摔下,但就是没有回声。The lights went out bang in the middle of the performance.
7、演出演了一半,灯光突然熄灭了。,翻译英语拟声词,还应注意以下几点:1)有些英语拟声词翻译成汉语时可保留其原来的词性及句法功能Ssssssh!Theyd simply murder me if they caught you here.Do you want to get me fired?“嘘-嘘-嘘!要是他们发现你在这儿,他们简直会要我的命。你想要我丢饭碗吗?”The clock ticked,the fire cracked.钟声滴滴答答,火苗噼噼啪啪。The tiger roared when it smelled the hunter.老虎闻到狩猎人的气味就吼叫起来。,2)有些英语拟声
8、词翻译成汉语时可转换其原来的词性或句法功能Chug,chug!the boat went down the river.船突突突地由河上游顺流而下。Bumblebees hummed in the graden.大黄蜂在花园里嗡嗡地叫。,3)有些英语拟声词翻译成汉语时课根据汉语的需要增补一定的词语(如“作响”、“一声”)、“一下”等,使译文符合汉语的表达习惯The bullet entered his brain and he fell with a thud to the carpet.子弹射进他的头部,于是他扑通一声倒在地毯上。She slammed the box on the tabl
9、e.他把匣子砰地一下摔在桌子上。,4)有时英语原文中没有拟声词,翻译成汉语时可根据汉语表达的需要增补恰当的拟声词语,使译文表达生动Turning,he was just about to knock on a door when a figure suddenly slid up before him.正要转身叩门时,突然嗖地一声一个人影窜到他的面前。,二、颜色词(color words),1.英汉颜色词指称意义比较英汉两种语言中的颜色词可大致分为基本颜色词和实物颜色词两大类。基本颜色词是指那些完全用于描绘实物色彩的词汇。他们虽然数量有限,但代表的基本颜色幅度较宽,具有一定的概括性,因此具有较
10、高的使用率和较强的活力。white-白 grey-灰 yellow-黄red-红、赤 brown-棕、褐 green-绿、青blue-蓝 purple-紫 black-黑,英语基本颜色词课通过不同的搭配方式来表达比较复杂的颜色概念如在前面冠以deep、dark等词,就表示某一颜色的深浓;冠以light、pale等词表示颜色的浅淡;冠以bright、rich、vivid等词表示颜色的鲜明;冠以dull、pale、dirty、murky、darkling等词表示颜色的深暗;,如果基本颜色词附以后缀-ish则表示颜色的浅淡,意为“微带.色”;其前冠以另一颜色词,可表示一种混色,如blue green
11、(蓝绿色 绿中带蓝),gold green(金绿色 绿中带黄);而两个颜色词以and连接,就构成一种没有调和在一起的花色,如豹子身上的花色就是a yellow-and-black pattern。此外,英汉基本颜色词都有许多近义词,例如英语中的red近义词有200种之多,常见的就有:crimson(深红)、cardinal(鲜红)、scarlet(腥红)、vermilion(朱红)、rubious(深红)、pink(粉红)、bloody(血红)、ruddy(微红色),而汉语红色的近义词只有40多个。,实物颜色词是指那些用实物名称来表示色彩的词语。这些词语所指称的具体实物因为本身具有色彩,因此该
12、词语也常用来指该实物的颜色。实物颜色词比基本颜色词多得多,英语和汉语都有数量庞大的实物颜色词。一般说来,一个英语实物颜色词完全可以在汉语中找到指称意义对应的汉语颜色词。如:,milk-乳白色 cherry-鲜红色sea-绿色、蓝色 orange-橙色lemon-淡黄色 lily-纯白色olive-淡绿色 cinnamon-赤褐色canary-淡黄色 salmon-橙红色ivory-淡黄色 vermilion-朱红色cocoa-深褐色 apple-浅绿色wine-紫红色 carnation-淡红色rainbow-彩色 chestnut-褐色,此外,实物颜色词还可以与基本颜色词组合,表示具体的颜色
13、概念,如英语中的snow white(雪白),rose red(玫瑰红),silver grey(银灰),peacock-blue(孔雀蓝),blood-red(血红);又如汉语中的漆黑、茶青、桔红、铁青、蜡黄、瓜皮绿等。,2.英汉颜色词的文化内涵对比green hills-青山brown sugar-红糖to be brown-晒黑brown bread-黑面包to be blue in the face with cold-冻得发紫grey hair-白头发whitecoffee-牛奶咖啡white meat-色浅的嫩牛肉、猪肉或煮熟的鸡鸭肉a white Christmas-大雪纷飞的圣
14、诞节black coffee-清咖啡black tea-红茶black in face-脸色铁青,红是汉语中褒义色彩最强的颜色词是喜庆欢乐的象征。这方面的“红”词大多不能直译为red。,满堂红红榜红豆红运红利红娘红尘红火,success in every fieldhonor rolllove peagood luck(extra)dividendmatchmaker;go-betweenthe world of mortalsflourishing;prosperous,英语的red引申义表示“残忍”、“灾难”、“烦琐”、“狂热”等,英译时无法对应。,catch sb red-handedr
15、ed ruina red battle have red hands red hat red-blooded,当场抓获火灾血战犯杀人罪红衣主教沾满鲜血的,汉语中的“白”引申为“弄明白”、“空白”、“徒然”、“无代价”等义,翻译时就与“white”无关。,不白之冤白手起家白搭白费白干一穷二白白描白开水白字遭白眼,unrepressed injusticeto build up from nothing,to start from scratchno use,no goodin vainpoor and blankstraightforward style of writingplain boil
16、ed watermispronounced characterbe received with a blank face,英语中的white可以引申为“吉利”、纯洁”、“清白”等义。,a white daya white rooma white nighta white cowwhite Christmaswhite manwhite lighta white witch,吉日无尘室不夜城罕见之物下大雪的圣诞忠实可靠的人公正的裁判做善事的女巫,英语black有“深色”、“暗淡”、“阴郁”、“怒气冲冲”、“弄脏”、“丢脸”、“不吉利”、“极度”等引申。,black day black dogbe
17、 in a black moodthe black artgo black in the faceblack sheepblack ballblack flagblack deedblack lookblack lieblack market,凶日不开心情绪低落妖术气得脸发青败家子,害群之马反对票海盗旗恶劣行径怒视不可饶恕的谎言黑市,汉语“黑”有时象征反动,下面这些“黑”词英译时都与black无关。,黑心黑交易黑货黑钱黑线黑后台黑幕黑市黑会黑话忧伤,evil-heartedshady dealsmuggled goodsmoney earned illegallya sinister line
18、sinister backstage bossinside story of a plotfree market(in a negative way)a clandestine meetingargotin the black,3.英语颜色词的译法1)把英语颜色词翻译成相应的汉语颜色词He was dressed in a European-style suit of a pale grey material with pale-blue stripes.他穿着一套浅灰色面料、淡蓝色条纹的欧式西装。She was wearing a dark red blouse,the rolled-up
19、sleeves revealing the snow of her arms.她穿着一件深红的罩衫,卷起的袖子下露出雪白的胳膊。,The western sky was a flame of orange.西天一片橙红,宛如火焰。The blue of his eyes gradually deepened into amethyst.他眼睛里的蓝色渐渐加深,变成了紫色。,2)把英语颜色词翻译成不对应的汉语颜色词My finger was caught in the crack of the door and got pinched black and blue.我的手指夹在门缝里,挤压得又青又紫。I was absolutely green(with envy)when I saw his splendid new car.我看到他那辆漂亮的新车时非常眼红。He went purple with rage.他气得脸色铁青。,3)有时英语原文中没有颜色词,也可根据译文的需要适当增补汉语颜色词The soldiers didnt shed their blood in vain.战士们的鲜血没有白流。Were not going to let him bring shame on our team.不许他给我们队脸上抹黑。,
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