《增补词语》PPT课件.ppt
《《增补词语》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《增补词语》PPT课件.ppt(59页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、58,1,Tasks for todays lesson,Check Exs.8Part Two Major Translation Techniques Chapter 9 增补词语(Amplification),58,2,Chapter 9,Chapter 9 增补词语(Amplification),58,3,Chapter 9 增补词语,增补词语就是在翻译时按意义(或修辞)和句法的需要增加一些词语来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。增补词语也是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段。增补词语是为了让译文更加明确,文字更加通达。增补词语大致可以分为两种情况:一是增补原文句法上的省略成分;二是根据原文语
2、境的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言的行文习惯,在表达时增加原文字面上没有、但意思上包含的词语。本章具体介绍并详细例证翻译过程中增补词语这一基本技巧的实际应用。,58,4,9.1 根据内容增补词语,一个词有多种意义,除了所指意义和概念意义之外,还有潜在意义、搭配意义、主题意义等。如a violin merchant(琴商)的潜在意义是a violin-selling merchant,而violin prodigy(琴童)的潜在意义却是a violin-playing prodigy。翻译时,要根据需要补充这些意思。不论中译英还是英译中,都要根据原文词语本身包含的意义增加一些词语;也可能要增加一些说
3、明语境的词语,或是增补隐含在上下文中的词语;有时感叹句的翻译也要视上下文的意思增添适当的词语。,58,5,9.1.1 译文中增加原文词语暗含的意思,英语和汉语的词语意义存在许多差异,这两种语言的表达习惯也存在很多相异之处。英译汉时,适当增加原文词语暗含的意思,是司空见惯的事。,58,6,9.1.1.1 翻译抽象名词时要适当增词,在翻译由动词或形容词派生来的英语抽象名词时,通常要根据语境意义在其后面增添适当的名词,从而使译文符合译语的表达习惯。例如:to develop 发展development 发展水平(状况)to persuade 说服persuasion 说服工作to prepare 准
4、备preparation 准备工作Poor 贫穷的poverty 贫困状态Emergent 紧急的emergency 紧急情况Tense 紧张的tension 紧张局势,58,7,9.1.1.1 翻译抽象名词时要适当增词,1 They are sanguine about building up a near peace.他们对建立一种准和平局面非常乐观。2 After all preparations were made,the planes flew across the U.S.to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪之后,飞机便飞越美国,直达旧金山。3 In the summ
5、er of 1969,the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.1969年夏天,政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。,58,8,9.1.1.1 翻译抽象名词时要适当增词,4 Profanity was tacitly given up.亵渎神灵的粗话全都心照不宣地放弃了。5 These fighters are able to cope with various emergencies.这些战士们能对付各种各样的紧急情况。,58,9,9.1.1.2 在形容词前后加上它所说明的名词,在翻译英语形容词时,为了
6、使译文清晰流畅,有时需要在形容词前后增加所说明的名词。6 She was small and slight in person,pale,sandy-haired.她身材瘦小,脸色苍白,头发是淡黄色的。7 These early cars were slow,clumsy,and inefficient.这些早期生产的汽车速度缓慢,操作笨拙,而且效率很低。,58,10,9.1.1.2 在形容词前后加上它所说明的名词,8 The invention of the electronic word processor was as great an information revolution as
7、 the invention of the printing press.电子文字处理器的发明是一场信息革命,它的重大意义可以与印刷机的发明相媲美。值得注意的是,一些由形容词派生而来的名词和副词也要增补适当的词语。如:9 Amelia took the news very palely and calmly.埃米丽亚获悉这个消息的时候,脸色苍白,神情镇静。,58,11,9.1.1.3 具体名词表抽象概念时要增加适当的名词,10 He felt the patriot rise within his breast.他感到爱国热情在胸中激荡。11 He allowed the father to
8、be overruled by the judge,and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情,判决他儿子有罪。上述例句10 和例句11 均包含借代辞格(metonymy)。例句10 中的the patriot 指代爱国激情或爱国热情,例句11中的the father和the judge 分别指代父子情感和法官职责。,58,12,9.1.1.4 有些动词用作名词,应根据语境补上适当的宾语,12 After his return,Triptolemus built a magnificent temple to Ceres in Eleusis,
9、and established the worship of the goddess,under the name of the Eleusinian mysteries,which,in the splendor and solemnity of their observance,surpassed all other religious celebrations among the Greeks.特里普拖勒墨斯回到家乡之后,为刻瑞斯在埃莱夫西斯修建了一座宏伟的庙宇,并确立了对女神的崇拜,即埃莱夫西斯神秘祭典。在希腊人中间,纪念刻瑞斯的祭典活动在气派和庄严方面都超过了其他一切宗教庆祝活动。,
10、58,13,9.1.1.4 有些动词用作名词,应根据语境补上适当的宾语,13 A domestic robot which can be left indoors to clean carpets could bring to a close nearly a century of manual vacuum cleaning.一种可以清洁居室地毯的家用机器人,有可能结束将近一个世纪以来人们自己动手用真空吸尘器清洁居室的历史。,58,14,9.1.1.5 增补某些固定词组的隐含语义成分,14 air alarm空袭警报(不是空中警报)15 electricity cut电能供应减少(不是电能减
11、少)16 solid engine固体燃料发动机(不是固体发动机)17 logical computer逻辑程序计算机(不是逻辑计算机),58,15,9.1.1.6 增加原文暗含的动词,根据原文的具体语境和译文的习惯表达,有时必须在英语的名词前后增加必要的动词。18 In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts,and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报
12、。19 They had been through it all at his side the bruising battles,the humiliation of the defeat.他们始终站在他的一边,经历过残酷的厮杀,忍受过辛酸的失败,58,16,9.1.1.6 增加原文暗含的动词,20 A recent wave of high-tech renovation in agriculture promises to make the green revolution of the 1960s look like a backyard vegetable garden.最近掀起的农
13、业高科技革新浪潮有可能使得60年代的绿色革命看上去犹如后院的植物园一样,一点也不引人瞩目。,58,17,9.1.1.6 增加原文暗含的动词,21 In some years,April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap and all the stage is filled at once,whole choruses of tulips,arabesques of forsythia,cadenzas of flowering plum.有几年的四月猛然一跃,突然来到了弗吉尼亚的山坡上转眼到处生机勃勃。郁金香盛开宛如张
14、嘴欢唱的合唱队,连翘构成了阿拉伯式图案,洋李花儿灿烂,争奇斗妍,独具特色。Arabesques:-阿拉伯式图饰,蔓藤花纹Forsythia:-sai-连翘属植物Cadenzas:-乐 装饰乐段,华彩乐段,58,18,9.1.1.6 增加原文暗含的动词,22 There were no speeches,no foreign diplomats,no“ordinary Chinese”with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.没有人发表演说,没有外国外交官到场,也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场景。,58,19,9.1.1.7 增加原文暗含的词语,翻译
15、时必须考虑词语的语境意义和潜在含义,同时考虑译文的表达习惯,在一些词语的前后增加适当的词语。否则,译文会欠忠实,欠通顺。23 It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.事情往往是这样,失却之物,方知珍惜;生了病才知道健康之可贵。,58,20,9.1.1.7 增加原文暗含的词语,24 But the misfortunes of their children still weig
16、hed upon their minds;and one day Cadmus exclaimed,“If a serpents life is so dear to the gods,I would I were myself a serpent.”但儿孙们的厄运始终使他们郁郁寡欢。有一天卡德摩斯哀呼道:“既然众神对一条蛇的生命如此看重,我倒不如就是一条蛇吧。”25 Fine writer though he was,nobody believed that Winston Churchill received the 1953 Nobel Prize for literature for
17、the quality of his books,but for his political prowess.虽然温斯顿邱吉尔是个写作能手,但是没有任何人认为,他荣获1953年诺贝尔文学奖是因为他的著作质量优异,他获此殊荣是因为他在政治上英勇无畏。,58,21,9.1.1.7 增加原文暗含的词语,26 What an idea!多么绝妙的主意!(什么狗屁主意!)27 What a sight!多美(难看)的景色啊!28 What a day!多好(糟糕)的天气啊!以上各句的译文在一些重要词语的前后增加了原文未明说但蕴涵的词语,恰到好处,完全必要,堪称传神之笔。最后三句为感叹句,其名词前没有具体
18、的形容词修饰,必须根据上下文增加合适的形容词,否则,译文就不忠不顺,不知所云,莫名其妙了。,58,22,9.1.1.8 在译文中增加原文暗含的副词,通过分析语境,透彻理解原文中隐含的逻辑意义,这是非常必要的。有时,必须在译文中增加合适的副词或状语,才能把原文包含的逻辑意义表达出来,使译文忠实准确。29 Yet,despite Pittheuss warnings and his mothers entreaties,he would not visit Athens by the safe sea route,but insisted on traveling overland;impelle
19、d by a desire to emulate the feats of his cousin Heracles,whom he greatly admired.然而他不听庇透斯的警告和母亲的哀求,决意不取较为安全的水路去雅典。他坚持要走陆路旅行,因为他十分崇拜他的表兄郝拉刻勒斯,渴望在建立丰功伟绩方面跟他竞赛。Emulate:模仿;竞争,58,23,9.1.1.8 在译文中增加原文暗含的副词,30 According to Einsteins general theory,the presence of a massive body like the Sun distorts the ge
20、ometry of space and time.根据爱因斯坦的“广义相对论”,像太阳那样的巨大天体的存在势必使时空结构变形。31(近十几年来我国科技进步不小,)希望在新的世纪,进步更快。I hope still greater progress can be made in the new century.,58,24,9.1.1.8 在译文中增加原文暗含的副词,32 我读的书并不多,就是一条,相信毛主席讲的实事求是。过去我们打仗靠这个;现在搞建设、搞改革也靠这个。I have not read too many books,but there is one thing I believe
21、in:Chairman Maos principle of seeking truth from facts.That is the principle we relied on when we were fighting wars,and we continue to rely on it while we are carrying on our socialist construction and making reforms.,58,25,9.1.1.9 增加使译文符合逻辑的词语,为了使译文清楚易懂,忠于原文,有时必须增加使译文符合逻辑的词语。33 Paleontologists say
22、 that a dinosaur specimen found in Madagascar provides important clues to how the continents broke up and drifted apart 70 million years ago.古生物学家说,在马达加斯加发现的恐龙化石标本为研究7000万年前各大洲怎样断裂、漂流提供了重要线索。,58,26,9.1.2 译文中增加说明文化背景的词语,中文和英文都有各自的文化背景,事件也有其本身的历史和政治背景,有时不是简单的直译就可以说清楚、道明白的,需要添加说明背景的词语,方能让译文清楚易懂。,58,27,
23、9.1.2.1 中文典故、习语等蕴含深刻的文化意义,翻译时必须增添必要的信息,37 世上先有伯乐,然后有千里马,千里马常有而伯乐不常有。Only when the world has a Pailo,who knows about horses,can there be fine steeds(can fine steeds be found out).There are always fine steeds that can cover a thousand li a day,but we cannot frequently find a Pailo.38 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。Three
24、cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhu Geliang,the mastermind.,58,28,9.1.2.2 罕见的人名、地名或其他专有名词以及文化负荷重的词语要加以解释,41 Le Monde,the BBC,the New York Times,the entire Arab press,all quote Heikal regularly at length.世界报、英国广播公司、纽约时报和整个阿拉伯报界,都经常大段引用海卡尔的话。42 The death of the Princess of Wales unleashed outp
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 增补词语 增补 词语 PPT 课件

链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-5631573.html