《分句合句法》PPT课件.ppt
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1、英汉翻译-分句、合句法,英汉两种语言在句法结构上存在很大差异。,英语重形合,连接词较为发达,句子结构层层包孕,句子在空间上呈大树型结构,长句较多。,汉语重意合,句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词,积词成句,积句成章,流水句较多,呈线性排列,一句接一句,短句较多,句子结构呈竹竿型分布。,定义,分句法-把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。合句法-把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。,一 分句法,(一)把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。(二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。(三)把原文的一
2、个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。,一、分句法(一)、把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。,副词 1)The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.译文:中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。,3)They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.译文:他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。4)He wished he were at home.Ordinarily,he would have been the
3、re three hours ago.译文:他真愿那时候已在家里。要是在往常的日子里,他早已到家三小时了。,5)Illogically,she had expected some kind of miracle solution.译文:她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合情理的事。6)But,occasionally,through haste or carelessness,mistakes were made,so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash,the other long.译
4、文:但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。,形容词,1)Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of“self-reliance”.译文:毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。2)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.译文:那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。,3)He had long been held
5、 in cordial contempt by his peers;now that contempt was no longer cordial.译文:长期以来,他的同僚虽然看不起他,却还是对他有些亲切感,现在,除看不起他之外,亲切感也没有了。4)He stalked away,but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.译文:他昂首阔步地走开,心里半信半疑,感到十分苦恼。,名词,1)A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.译文:我离开哪
6、个担任掩体速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出膛的子弹一样。2)He shook his head and his eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.译文:他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。,3)As a place to live,it left much to be desired.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively maski
7、ng its activity译文:作为居住的地方,这里有许多不足之处。但作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理想的。它地处边陲,人们不易了解其中的活动4)The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.译文:每个帐篷内怎样的布置,这要看各个使用者的性格了。,(二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。,分词短语)They were at home in the home of the people,moving confidently without fear.译文:
8、他们在群众家里感到自在,行动时心里踏实,无忧无虑。,)She sat with her hands cupping her chin,staring at a corner of the little kitchen.译文:她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could,driving out darkness and choking the shadows.译文:阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。,)He was lying on his side watching her.译文:他侧身躺
9、着。双目凝视着她。)But they had become nomads of the desert,living on the ground and under the sky,and they loved it.译文:可是他们都变成沙漠里的牧民了,生活在苍天之下,黄土之上。他们可也喜欢这种生活。,名词短语,)I wrote four books in the first three years,a record never touched before.译文:我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。)The military is forbidden to“kill”the vessel,a
10、 relatively easy task.译文:(政府)禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。,)The station chief would have to be close to the director,a member of the inner circle.译文:这位站长就得接近董事,因为董事是核心集团的成员。)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed,a universally accepted law.译文:能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭,这是一条普遍公认的规律。)The hospital was already s
11、preading a fame for its food.译文:这个医院伙食好,这点已远近闻名了。,前置词短语,1)In August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,bound for my Moscow home but not in haste,since my husband had died in the war,I came to Yanan.译文:1946年八月,我在回莫斯科家的途中,第五次路过中国;由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了,当时我并不急于回去,就到了延安。2)Their power increased with their number
12、.译文:他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。,3)He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.译文:他来到华盛顿,就国际形式来说,时机正合适。4)Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.译文:医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药物,而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。,5)The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.译文:答案一直摆在那里,可(他)
13、就是没有拿到手。6)Mr.Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it,unusual to Rob.译文:麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑,可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。,简单句拆译Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.译文:同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译),2.Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well ni
14、gh dispeopled the streets.译文:阵阵寒风,带着雨意,街上冷冷清清,几乎没有什么人了。赏析:为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点,译者进行了结构调整,将原文一句切分成四个短语(小句),充分利用句子内部语义上的联系,不用任何关联词,由风到雨,到街再到人,用白描的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。,2)并列复合句拆译并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如:The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in the racially conscious 19th cen
15、tury America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers.译文:在种族意识十分强烈的19 世纪的美国,招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人们所接受。由于工地上出现大批中国劳工,某些白人工人感到心绪不安。(在连词and 处切分),3)主从复合句的分译英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1.A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a
16、film.译文:所谓“摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员:制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制一部影片的经费。(在with whose 前切分)2.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.译文:我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。(在定语从句前拆译),(三)把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。,1)Sometimes Mrs.Cross wou
17、ld be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat.译文:有时,克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去,一面看他吃饭。2)She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.译文:她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。,3)But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations
18、.译文:但是,如果该地区再次发生战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。4)His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.译文:因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。,5)The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.译文:屋后是个宽敞的院子,大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。6)David opened the door,and Arthur went out into the rai
19、n.译文:大卫把门打开,亚瑟走出去,冒着雨。He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.译文:他想告诉约翰,他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博,但是觉得有些不好意思,没有说出口。,Exercises,1.Adj.1)The night,clear and starry,sparkled darkly,and the opaque,lightless shifting patches slowly against the low stars
20、were the drifting islets.夜色清朗,满天繁星,波光粼粼。在低悬的星星下,一个个黑影在徐徐移动,这便是一座座漂浮的小岛。2)Films,gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information.电影、唱片和录音磁带给他们提供大量资料,这样使他们感到不知所措。,3)She had such a kindly,smiling,tender-gentle,generous heart of her own,.她心地厚道,性格温柔,气量又大,为人
21、又乐观.4)One bad winter we watch the river creep up the lower meadows.一年冬天,天气恶劣,我们看着河水漫过低洼的草地。,2.Adverbs,1)Those who judged of his ultimate success by the failure of his first attempt were agreeably disappointed.那些从他初次尝试遭到失败便断定他的最后结局的人,现在虽然感到失望,还是高兴的。2)Their relations were vinegar,although Mr Johnson w
22、hen speaking of Mr Clark in his absence was acidly correct.他们之间的关系挺别扭,虽然约翰逊先生在背后谈起克拉克先生时语中带刺,但还不失分寸。,3)It seemed to him unquestionable that fortunately he had been permitted to look upon one of the worlds really great men.他觉得自己得以瞻仰了一位世界上真正伟大的人物,确是三生有幸。4)It may conceivably knock the British empire to
23、 bits and leave England as primitive as she was when Julius Caeser landed in Kent.可以想象,这样的战争会使大英帝国土崩瓦解,使英国回到朱利叶斯凯撒在肯特登陆时那副原始模样去。,5)The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car.车轮扬起的碎石在车身底部敲打着,发出不祥的碰击声。6)But at this instant the men,the spectators awoke from their stone-like pos
24、es and crowded forward sympathetically.这当儿,原来呆若木鸡,在一旁观看的人们如梦处醒,露出同情的神色,一齐拥上前来。7)They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇。,3.Nouns,1)Yet he knew that that boy of fifteen months before had something,a trust,warmth that was gone forever.然而,他知道,一年零三个月前的那个小伙子曾有一种宝贵的东西,一种信任之心,一种热烈之情,如今
25、已一去不复反了。,4.Participle Phrases,1)I saw the vague figures of the watch grouped in the waist,gazing in awed silence.我看到值班水手模模糊糊的的身影一起挤到了中部甲板上,他们都惊得目瞪口呆。2)I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling like a souvenir-hunter I decided to write.我有别的想法。我为所见的一切而激动,同时也不无留此存照的想法我决定搞写作。,3)We drove to the
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