《作状语和定语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、The ing form as the Attributive and Adverbial,Grammar,V-ing 形式,V-ing 形式由“doing”构成,其否定形式是“not doing”,V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示供作之用”和“的”。,现在分词作定语,a walking stick,(a stick used for walking),drinking water,(water for drinking),a waiting

2、room,(a room for waiting),working people,the rising sun,动词-ing 形式是短语,应放在所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。,They are visitors coming from several countries.,who come from several countries.,Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.,which offered me the job.,The girl standing there is my classmate.,wh

3、o stands there,Exercise:1._ dogs seldom bite.Bark B.To bark C.Barked D.Barking2.The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr.Dongguo felt_.frightening;frightened B.frightened;frightened C.frighten;frightening D.frightening;frightening,D,A,3.Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleepin

4、g D.slept4.The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A.shaking B.shook C.shaken D.shake 5.The hotel _ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.A.to be built B.being built C.built D.building,C,A,B,6.When the first settlers arrived in the New World,the Indians _ jewellery

5、 made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A.wearing B.to wear C.worn D.having worn7.Do you know the boy _there talking to your sister?A.to be standing B.stood C.being standing D.standing,A,D,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed h

6、aving V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,e.g.Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)The building being built now is our new library.现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。(being built为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中),Having done the work,he went home.完成了工作,他就回家了。,现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句

7、子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语(通常用不定式做目的状语)。,Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.),While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China D

8、aily.),1)表时间状语,2)表原因状语Being ill,he didnt go to school.(=as he was ill,he didnt go to school.),Being a student,you should study hard.(=Since you are a student,you should study hard.),既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。,由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home,I called him.(As I thought he might be at home,I

9、 called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动作(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。,e.g.He sat on the sofa,watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_,they went into the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the

10、wall.),Laughing and talking,4)表结果e.g.Her mother died in 1990,leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990,and left her with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5)表条件,Using your head,you will find

11、a way.(=If you use your head,you will find a way.),一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_,you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。Time permitting,well do an

12、other two exercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。7)作独立成分:Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。,Exercise:1.They set out _ for the _ boy.A.searching;losing B.searching;lost C.to search;lost D.searched;losin

13、g2.The student sat there,_ what to do.A.doesnt knowing B.didnt knowing C.not know D.not knowing,B,D,现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never),3.He sat there _,with his head on his hand.A.and think B.thinking C.thought D.being thought4.The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he ha

14、d enjoyed his stay here.A.visiting;add B.visited;adding C.visiting;adding D.visited;added,B,C,5.In winter steam can be seen _from wet clothes _near a fire.A.rising,hanging B.rising,to hang C.rise,hanging D.to rise,to hang6.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on

15、 D.to go on7.Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from one of his friends,_ him to write an article,and he accepted.A.having invited B.invited C.to be invited D.inviting,A,A,D,8.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everyw

16、here D.she hurried to a policeman for help9._,the boy couldnt enter his house.A.Since the key has lost B.The key been lost C.Lost the key D.Having lost the key,D,D,10.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing 11.Eur

17、opean foot ball is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make,B,A,12.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily point D.and angrily pointing,A,13._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving

18、 B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received,C,14._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Not knowing B.knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not known,A,1.The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.(NMET91)A.To pre

19、pare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing 2.European foot ball is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98)A.Making B.makes C.made D.to make,B,现在分词表结果状语,A,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,3.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.(NMET93)A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.ang

20、rily point D.and angrily pointing,A,现在分词作伴随状语,4._ a reply,he decided to write again.(NMET92)Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 5._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(1991上海)Not knowing B.knowing not C.Not having known D.Hav

21、ing not known,C,A,现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。,作原因状语,6.While watching television,_.(NMET2005)A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings7._ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2004广东)A.Not completing B.Not completed C.

22、Not having completed D.Having not completed,D,C,8.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.(NEMT 2005)A.run B.running C.to run D.ran9.“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob,_out of the window.(NMET2004)A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having been looked10.The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.(NEMT2005)A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused,B,A,D,