《音标教学文件》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Phonetic symbols音标,Nicole,国际音标,元音,分类:英语中共有48个音标,元音20个,辅音28个。,单元音,双元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,/i:/,/,/e/,/,/:/,/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音,爆破音,磨檫音,鼻音,半元音,舌边音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/,Vowels(元音)-pure vowels(单元音
2、),前元音:/i:/,/,/e/,/,发单元音时应注意的事项:,1.舌前部在活动2.舌端抵下齿3.从/i:/i/e/口形渐大,/i:/,例词:he sea tree 短语:green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句:A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.I have tea,too.,/-/i/,例词:pin ship hill chicks短语:a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句:A:Is Lily
3、 in?B:Lily is ill in bed.C:Oh,Im sorry.,/e/-/,例词:pen head leg well短语:ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句:A:How did you spend your holiday?B:I went to Beijing.A:Was it expensive?B:Yes,very.,/,例词:apple lantern hand parachute短语:black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句:A:A
4、nn is traveling to Japan.B:How happy she is!A:She is very happy.,Vowels(元音)-pure vowels(单元音),中元音:/:/,/,/,发中元音时应注意:,1.舌中部隆起2.舌端轻抵 下齿3./:/口形渐大,/:/-/:/,例词:girl bird work turn短语:early bird Thursday work thirsty person perfect search例句:A:He always arrives work early.B:But he wasnt early this morning.A:Yo
5、u werent early either.,/,例词:teacher picture breakfast welcome短语:a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句:A:look at the clock!B:whats the time?A:its a quarter to seven,/,例词:cup run jump flood短语:hurry up!trust us!rubbish number mustnt worry例句:A:Its sunny today.B:Ye
6、s,isnt it.A:My uncle will go to London next Monday.B:How lucky he is!,Vowels(元音)-pure vowels(单元音),后元音:/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,后元音发音要领:,1.舌后部用力2.舌尖离开下齿龈3./u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/口形渐 大,/u:/,例词:zoo who food blue短语:a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句:A:Look at my new shoes?B:Oh,they are beautiful.
7、A:Your boots are beautiful,too.,/,例词:foot wood book push短语:good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句:A:Where did you put the book?B:Which book?A:The book you bought yesterday.,/:/,例词:fork ball morning airport短语:four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句:A:I see two childre
8、n on the blackboard.B:He is short.A:She is shorter.,/-/,例词:cock shop job hospital短语:hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句:A:I have a bad cough.B:You must see a doctor.A:Yes,I must go to the hospital.,/:/,例词:car garden star guitar短语:fast car half park heart transplant stars and bars例句:A:You l
9、ook very smart today.B:Thank you.C:What a marvelous dancer you are.Let me take a photograph of you.,Vowels(元音)-diphthongs(双元音),/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,双元音发音要领:,1.口形、舌位有变化 发单元音时口形、舌位自始至终保持不变。双元音是由两个不同的元音组成的,例如/ai/,从第一个元音/a/过度到/i/,口形和舌位都有变化:由口形较大、舌位较低的/a/音过度到口形较小、舌位较高的/i/音。其它七个双元音也一样,发音时口形舌位都有不同成度的变化。
10、2.前长后短 双元音中两个元音的长度(音长)也不相等。第一个比第二个长些,约为三比一。3.前重后轻 发第一个元音时要多使点劲儿,但必须注意不要把两个元音分裂成一个强音、一个弱音来念,而是由强而渐弱。,双元音发音要领:,4.两音密合,一气呵成 由第一个元音到第二个元音是一个滑动的过程,中间不容停顿,不可把两个音分开来念。5.前音清楚,后音模糊 双元音中的第一个元音发音清楚响亮,向第二个音滑动时,在尚未到达第二个元音的发音部位时滑动即可停止,不必把第二个音象单独发音时念得那么 清楚。这一点非常重要。常听到一些同学把/ai/念成“阿姨”,就是因为把/i/念得太清楚了,甚至跑过了头,越境而入/i:/的
11、领域了。,/e/-/ei/,例词:face rain cake wait短语:eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句:A:Its my birthday today.B:Happy birthdayA:Thank you.Come to my birthday party.And dont be late.,/a/-/ai/,例词:sky kite write bicycle短语:white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句:A:Its a fine day toda
12、y.The sun is shining brightly.B:Yes,I feel hot.I like an ice-cream now.A:Yes,I do,too.,/-/i/,例词:boy boil noise coin短语:a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend例句:A:Look at my toy gun.B:Oh,what a good toy!A:Shall we join our friends in the garden?B:Yes,lets go.,/-/v/,例词:coast throw
13、boat toe短语:Joes coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball例句:A:Look!He has a boat.B:Is he going to row?A:I think so.,/a/-/av/,例词:cow house mouth trousers短语:shout out brown mouse down town round flower例句:A:Is she milking the cow?B:Yes,she is.A:Is the cow in he house?B:No.She is on the dai
14、ry farm.,/-/i/,例词:ear idea zero beard短语:the atmosphere here queer 古怪的skier Weary疲乏 mountaineer experienced engineer例句:A:Lets have some beer here.B:What a good idea!A:What shall we do after having beer?B:We shall go to the theatre.,/e/-/,例词:hair bare pear chair短语:millionaires theirs mayors parentssqu
15、are chairs careful librarian例句:A:Where is my pen?B:Its over there on the chair.A:Thank you.Its really there.,/-/v/,例词:tour poor sure gourd/g d/葫芦短语:poor tourists tour from China carm jury陪审团 European jewel例句:A:I received a letter from my uncle.Hes sick with influenza.B:Im sorry.Is he still in Europe
16、.A:Yes.Hes still working in London.B:He must speak fluent English.,Consonants(辅音)英语辅音的发音特点,1.气流受阻,从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍(元音发音不受阻碍)。2.气流较强(元音气流较弱)3.阻碍部分肌肉紧张(元音发音时均衡地保持紧张)4.有清浊之分。,英语辅音的发音可以分别从”发音部位”和发音方法”两方面来学习。,1.发音部位:所谓”发音部位”是指气流受到阻碍的地方,也就是两个发音器官为了影响气流而构成的各种阻碍的部位。例如:发/p/b/时双唇先要紧闭,形成阻碍,发/f/v/时下唇接触上齿形成
17、阻碍等等。,英语辅音按发音部位可分成:双唇音:/p,b,m,w/唇齿音:/f,v/舌齿音:/,/舌龈音:/t,d,s,z,n,l/齿龈后部音:/,r,j/舌后软腭音:/k,g,/声门音:/h/,2.发音方法:是指气流通过阻碍时所使用的不同方法(及其造成的听觉印象)。例如:发/p,t,k/时气流通过阻碍部位时所发出的爆破声,发/s,z,f/时气流从阻碍部位的缝隙中挤出,发出摩擦的声音等等。英语辅音按发音方法可分成:,爆破音:/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/摩擦音:f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/,/h/,/r/破擦音:/,/鼻音:/m/,/n/,/舌侧音:/l/半元音:
18、/j/,/w/,Consonants(辅音)-plosives(爆破音),/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/p/,例词:pig people pull put短语:pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句:A:Do you collect stamps?B:Yes,I do.A:Will you show me your stamp album?B:Yes,they are upstairs.Let me go and fetch them.,/b/,例词:bus bed breakfast banana
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