《语法复习时态》PPT课件.ppt

《《语法复习时态》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《语法复习时态》PPT课件.ppt（52页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、本科英语总复习05年计划,1.介绍题型及做题技巧(前5张)2.套题讲解3.补充练习4.重点练习,题型介绍及如何复习一 客观题(选择90题)语音:10题 5个元音所使用的字母,按读音规则记忆单词 词汇部分(单词短语):句型:30题 20%把课本的短语看熟 熟悉规定的语法，多做题阅读40%(4):多读有选择问题的短文,练速度,找解题规律.完型填空:10%适当地做一点,练速度.,二 主观题(书面表达):20%多读,多背,多写作文(100字):找工作,学校,学习等生活中的题目来练习,背2-3篇发文.,做题技巧,一 客观题(不会做就选同一字母,不要留空)1语音:找读音不同的单词,边读边找2词汇部分语法:

2、找主谓宾 找短语搭配 找表示时间的词(时态)找介词(语态,搭配)找连词(句式),3阅读:浏览全文,看文章的首尾段/句,看4 个问题和选项,看反复出现的词,以便找到中心;不要字字翻译,以防影响速度.,阅读时不要翻译,把专有名词看着是个整体,:时间，地点，组织名,人名等注意长难句的句子结构;不会的单词跳过去,通过上下文猜意思;注意连词,关联词:固定搭配,按意群浏览带着问题找答案做题时找与中心思想有关的选项注意使用排除法找绝对意义的词:only,the greatest,none,all,every,any,seldom,never,etc.,4完型填空:看两遍:第一遍不看选项,浏览全文,自己脑子里

3、做一遍答案.第二遍看选项,正式做题.注意:整体性，搭配性,重复性,二 主观题(书面表达):作文(100字):理解题义,先想再写.注意检查:句子的完整性 主谓,时态和语态的一致性 拼写的正确性 全文的连贯性,1 清音/浊音(响)moon/u:/d/l/r/2词首/尾 ch/k/;/t/3 ex-/ig/4 ie,ea,ee/i:/,1 A.exhaustB.exercise C.excitementD.Example2.A.realize B.persuade C.recognize D.organize3 A.achieveB.friend C.fieldD.peace4 A.when B.w

4、hich C.whose D.Where5 A.capitalB.nationality C.CanadianD.perhaps,6.A.wait B.height C.bright D.knight7.A.walk B.world C.nurse D.skirt8.A.hook B.good C.cook D.food9.A.dark B.guard C.warm D.cart10.A.question B.operation C.station D.education,11.A.nurse B.burn C.certain D.busy12.A.tear B.bear C.here D.w

5、ear 13.A.talk B.salt C.nurse D.walk14.A.put B.pull C.push D.pupil15.A.clean B.hundred C.sweep D.peasant16.A.sweater B.break C.bread D.breakfast,17.A.carry B.wrap C.lazy D.accident18.A.modern B.knock C.joke D.across19.A.brush B.rush C.usual D.hurry20.A.ground B.loud C.group D.mouth21.A.celebration B.

6、impress C.measure D.duty,22.A.corn B.powder C.noisy D.north23.A.newspaper B.practise C.wrapped D.travel24.A.dictionary B.surprise C.ride D.frighten25.A.trip B.trick C.visit D.prefer26.A.skate B.break C.stare D.vocation,练习1 I _(see)never such a performance.2 The mother _(leave)not the room until the

7、child fell asleep3 Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-room A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permittedC.smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit4 Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didnt man know D.did man know,答案:1 have never

8、 seen;2 didnt leave 3 is smoking permitted4 did man know当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。其他否定词no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only等。正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Not until的句型，为倒装句=Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th century.,练习:非真实条件句1 If they _(

9、be)here,they would help you.2 If she had worked harder,she _(succeed)3 The rice would not have been burnt if you _(be)more careful.4 If he _(be)not ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.5If you _(succeed)succeed,everything would be all right.,答案:1 were 2 would have succeede

10、d 3 had been 4 had not been 5 were to 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。条件从句 主句 一般过去时should(would)+动原b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would)have+过分词 If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told

11、 him about it.,含义：He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.=He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater progress.c.对将来的假想 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+动原 were+不定式 would+动词原形 should+动词原形If you succeeded,everything would be all right.If you should succeed,everything would be

12、all right.,引导名词性从句为三类：连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1.whether引导主

13、语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句 3.whether从句作介词宾语 4.从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.,练习1 The boy is _ young that he cant go to school.(so/such)2 He is _ a young boy that he cant go to school3 Lets go out for a walk _(unless/if)you are too tired.4 You will be late _ you leave immediately.,答案1 so;2 such

14、3 unless 4 unlesssothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.连接词主要有 if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless=if not.=If you are not too tied,lets go out for a walk.You leave immediately or you will be late.,练习1

15、 They completely ignore these facts _(if,as if)they never existed.2 He looks as if(as though)he _(hit)by lighting.3 He stared at me as if _(see)me for first time.4 The waves dashed on the rocks as if _in anger.,答案:1 as if,as though 2 had been hit 3 seeing 4/引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实

16、或实现的可能性较大。They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）2 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if/as though也引导一个分词短语/不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：3他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his

17、throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。4 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,表示时态的时间状语for,just,yet,since already.现在时:动词的时态,练习1.I _(leave)home for school at 7 every morning.2.Columbus proved that the earth _(be)round.3.I _(not want)so much.4.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.5 Now I _(put)the sug

18、ar in the cup.6.I _(do)my homework now.,1.一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实,格言。Shanghai lies in the east of China.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：宾语从句中，谓语也用现在时Columbus proved that the earth is round.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Ann Wang writes good English but does not sp

19、eak well.第5句用现在时(操作演示的瞬间动作)。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第6句中的now是进行时的标志。,将来式will,be going to,shall,练习1 Someday a dog _(come)up.2 If you _make a journey,youd better _(get)ready for it as soon as possible.3 _ you(be)at home at seven this evening?4 What_(do)tomorrow?5 The pla

20、y _(produce)next month。,一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to

21、be a storm.,答案:will,are going to,get,will,are you going to,is going to be produced用于条件句时，be going to表将来 will表意愿Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。,1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的

22、一般现在时表将来。表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as

23、 I arrive there.Ill go for my hometown if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,练习,1 He _(visit)her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.2 He said he_(not give)me a present unless I_(succeed)in doing the experiment.3 The museum _(open)at ten tomorrow.,答案1 is going to visit;arrives他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。2 would not give;succ

24、eed3 opens 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此)时间/条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case(that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately第2句,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，用一般过去式代替了过去将来时第3句 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。,to v.

25、不定式+动词原型,1 be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.2be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,进行式be+ving,练习1.We_(wait)for you.2Mr.Green _(write)another novel.3The leaves _(turn)red.4 My dictionary _(lose)

26、,I have looked for it everywhere but still_(not find)it.5He _(love)her very much.6 This house _(belong)to my sister.7 Is my bike still _(lie)where I _(lay)it just now?,答案:are waiting;is writing状态;are turning;is missing;havent found;loves;belongs;lying,laida.(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。b.习惯进行：重复性动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

27、She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.c.渐变动词：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Its getting warmer and warmer.d.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续的状态，带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.第4句是一个仍在持续的状态，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。,不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词possess,cost,owe,exist,incl

28、ude,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue.I have two brothers.2)心理状态的动词Know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate.I need your help.3)瞬间动词 receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.I accept your advice.4)系动词remain,lie,se

29、e,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn You seem a little tired.,过去式,1My brother _(fall)while he _(ride)his bicycle and _(hurt)himself.2 It _(rain)when they _(leave)t the station.3 When I _(get)to the top of the mountain,the sun _(shine).4 Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.5 As she _ the newspa

30、per,Granny _ asleep.,1)过去某时正在进行的状态或动作,答案:1 fell,was riding,hurt;2was raining,left 3 got,was shining;4was making 5 was reading；fell2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3)时间状语 this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while第4句割伤手指是已发生的事情，用过去时。when表时间的同时

31、性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景第5句as=when,while，当之时。描述背景时，用过去进行；在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。,完成时have/has+v-ed/done过去分词,比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this Ap

32、ril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always不确定的时间状语,练习1 I _(see)this film yesterday.2 I _(see)this film.3 Why _ you(get)up so early?4 Who _(not hand)in his paper?5 He _(be)in the League for three years.6 He _(joi

33、n)the League three years ago.,答案,1 saw 看的动作发生过了。2 have seen 对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。3 did 起床的动作已发生过了。4 hasnt handed 有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。5 has been 在团内的状态可延续,是团员的状态可持续6 joined 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。I have finished my homework now.,现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态

34、，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。,练习1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。Where _ you(go)just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I_(be)a child,I often _(play)football in the street.3)Whenever the Browns _(go)during their visit,they _(give)a

35、 warm welcome.,过去时:,答案did,were,played,went,were givenYesterday,last night/week/month,the day before yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。Be=was/wereDo=did,would,went,took,cameVerb动词+ed(work=worked)When the shot照片appeared,several people were horrified for the weed was deadly night-shade色调!,用过

36、去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could,would.Could you lend me your bike?3)wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。,一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all he

37、r life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去),指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）在代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。All is right.(一

38、切顺利。)All are present.(所有人都到齐了。)2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。His family isnt very large.他家不是一个大家庭。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。,但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around?3）有些

39、名词，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of+名词复数+复数动词。The number of+名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.,She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to

40、 rest D.rest,Stop to do/stop doingstop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。,remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember do

41、ing记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?,try doing/to dotry to do努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习,