《词形词性变化》PPT课件.ppt

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1、.写出下列单词的变化形式1.系统(n.)_；系统的(adj.)_2.球体，地球(n.)_；全球性的(adj.)_3.猛烈的(adj.)_；暴力(n.)_；猛烈地(adv.)_4.生存(v.)_；生存(n.)_adj.生存的，存在的_ adv.现有的 _ 5.物理学家(n.)_；物理(n.)_；身体的(adj.)_,physical,system,systematic,globe,global,violent,violence,violently,exist,existence,physicist,physics,existent,existing,6.生物学(n.)_；生物学家(n.)_7.宗

2、教（n.）_；宗教的（adj.）_8.原子（n.）_；原子的（adj.）_10.重量 n._;adj.重要的，重大的 _ adj.失重的 _;adv.失重地 _11.用尽，耗尽 v._;adj.感到筋疲力尽的_;adj.令人筋疲力尽的 _疲劳 n._12.灭绝的，绝种的 adj._;灭绝，绝种 n._,biology,biologist,religion,religious,atom,atomic,weight,weighty,weightless,weightlessly,exhaust,exhausted,exhausting,exhaustion,extinct,extinction,.

3、重要单词聚焦1n系统，体系，制度2 n.学说；理论3 pron.，n.&adj.(英)万亿；(美)十亿4 adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5 n.大气层；气氛6 prep.不同；不像7 adj.有害的8vi.&vt.乘；增加,system,theory,billion,violent,atmosphere,unlike,harmful,multiply,9 vi.存在；生存10 adv.因此；于是11 n.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难12n.万有引力；重力13 adj.温和的；文雅的14 n.气候15n.物理学家16 vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落17 n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力1

4、8n.质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众,exist,thus,puzzle,gravity,gentle,climate,physicist,crash,pull,mass,.重点短语扫描1prevent.阻止2 eggs 下蛋3 ones turn 轮到某人；接着4get the hang 熟悉；掌握；理解5watch 密切注视；当心；提防6depend 依靠7 time 及时，终于8give 产生；分娩9cheer 感到高兴；感到振奋10now 既然11 break 突发；爆发,from,lay,in,of,out,on,in,birth to,up,that,out,Thank you,.

5、课文原句突破1What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.信息提取what it was to become是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的宾语。例句仿写使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。_ _ _ _ _he didnt come to the meeting.【答案】What surprised everybody is that,2The earth became so

6、 violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.信息提取whether.(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。例句仿写他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。It is uncertain_ _ _ _passing the driving test_ _.【答案】whether hell succeed in；or not,3This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.信息提取which引导

7、非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个概念，也可代指单个先行词。例句仿写杰克开车太快，这是危险的。Jack drove too fast，_ _ _.【答案】which was dangerous,4We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.信息提取amazed是形容词化的过去分词，在此处作状语用。例句仿写他躺在床上，醒着。He_ _ _ _，_.【答案】lay in the bed；awake,atmosphere n大气，空气；环境，气氛Ev

8、eryone could feel the tense atmosphere at the meeting.大家都能感受到会场上的紧张气氛。He is fond of the atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.,他喜欢乡间的和平宁静的气氛。Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。,1(2008年湖北卷)The top leaders of the two countries

9、 are holding talks in a friendly_.AatmosphereBstateCsituation Dphenomenon【解析】句意为：两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中举行。atmosphere气氛；state状态；situation处境；phenomenon现象。由句意可知A项正确。【答案】A,mass n.(1)C 块；团；堆Before the rain，the sky was a mass of clouds.下雨前，天空有一团云。A mass of letters came from all over the country.一大堆信件来自全国各地。,

10、(2)(pl.)群众，集团from the masses to the masses从群众中来，到群众中去The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。(3)a mass of/masses of大量的，许多的，后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。,(4)in a mass大量地；大批地Sports fans came to the stadium in a mass before the game.大批的运动爱好者在赛前就来到了体育馆。,2The youn

11、g dancers looked so beautiful in their new clothes that we took_pictures of them.Amany of Bmasses ofCthe number of Da large amount of,【解析】本题考查短语的用法区别。题意是“这些年轻的舞蹈演员穿着漂亮的衣服，显得那么迷人，我们拍了她们的许多照片”。many of许多，其后接复数名词，且名词前要有these，those，the，their等限定词；masses of许多，大量的，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“的数量”，表“许

12、多，大量的”之意时，要用a number of；a large amount of许多；大量的，用以修饰不可数名词。由题意可知选B。【答案】B,in time及时；终于，总有一天You will succeed in time because you are always working hard.你迟早会成功的，因为你一直在努力工作。The doctor came in time to save her life.医生及时赶到救了她的命。,on time准时；按时in no time立即；马上at a time一次；每次at one time曾经；一度at times有时ahead of t

13、ime提前take ones time别着急，慢慢来Dont recite all together；one at a time.不要一起背诵，一次一个。The boss ordered us to finish our task ahead of time.老板命令我们提前完成任务。,3_，I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“keep on studying hard，and youll succeed_.”AAt a time；in time BAt a time；on timeCAt one

14、time；in time DAt one time；on time,【解析】考查由time构成的固定搭配的用法。句意为：曾一度，我对英语学习失去信心，但我老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的成功。”at a time每次；at one time曾经，一度；相当于once；in time及时，迟早；当“迟早”时相当于sooner or later；on time按时，准时。由句意应选C。【答案】C,4(2009年江西景德镇模拟)Does he often ask you for help?Oh，no，only_.Aall the time Bat one timeCat a time

15、Dat times【解析】all the time一直；at one time曾经；at a time一次；at times有时。【答案】D,5I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday._.ADont be afraid BBe carefulCNot at all DTake your time,【解析】句意为：恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。慢慢来，不着急。Dont be afraid别害怕；Be careful小心，当心；Not at all一点也不；Take your timeto use as much ti

16、me as you need without hurrying不用急，慢慢来。根据题意只有D项符合句意。【答案】D,in ones turn轮到某人；接着They all spoke at the meeting，each in his turn.他们每个人都在会上轮流发言了。,in turn依次；轮流；反之，反过来by turns轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事it is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事She asked the same question of everyone in turn.她依次向每一个人问同样的问题。The s

17、hop assistants had to have their days off by turns.店员要轮流休息。,It is your turn to read the text.该轮到你读课文了。The children were taking turns on the slides in the playground.孩子们在操场上轮流滑滑梯。,6(2007年湖北卷)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this_creates further problems.Ain

18、 short Bin caseCin doubt Din turn【解析】本题考查短语意思辨析。in short意为“总之，简言之”；in case意为“假使，免得，以防万一”；in doubt意为“感到怀疑，被怀疑的”；in turn意为“反过来，依次，轮流”。根据句意要求应选D。【答案】D,prevent.from.防止某事发生keep.from.(from在任何情况下都不省略),(2)protect.from.保护不受侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。

19、We must prevent(stop)these children(from)playing football in the street.我们必须阻止孩子们在大街上踢球。His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。He put on his sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴上太阳镜保护眼睛不受强光的伤害。,7All possible means_.However，nothing can_him dying of lung

20、cancer.Ahas tried；stop Bhave tried；keepChas been tried；prevent Dhave been tried；stop,【解析】前一句的主语是all possible means，means用all修饰，看做是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him后省略了from。【答案】D,cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋The good news cheered(up)everybody who heard it.喜讯使每一个听到的人感到高兴。The support of the students cheere

21、d up the losing team.学生们的支持使看来要输的队振奋起来。Cheer up，Mandy！打起精神来，曼迪！Oh，Im all right，really.噢，我很好，真的没事。,The crowd cheered up when they saw the teams arrive.观众看到球队进场后欢声雷动。,8Our football team will compete against the Japanese team this evening.Lets go and_，shall we?Acheer them up Bjoin them upCadd them up D

22、pick them up【解析】为他们加油用cheer them up。【答案】A,Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。Now that I have nothing to do，I can enjoy music for a little while.既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。,Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by

23、yourself.你已长大了，可以自己作决定了。,辨析：because，since，as，for与now that(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。,(2)since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。Since you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else.既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了

24、。(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。As there was no answer，we wrote him again.鉴于他没有回复，我们又给他写了封信。,(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。,9(2008年北京卷)Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomo

25、rrow.Athough BunlessCwhen Dbecause【解析】句意为：你给Fred回电话了吗？我没必要回，因为明天我要去见他。though虽然；unless除非；when当时；because因为。【答案】D,The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此狂躁不安，因此搞不清楚这种形状是否会持续下去。(1)whether.(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。I wonder whether or not you can com

26、e in time.我不知道你能否及时赶过来。,I dont know whether it is true.我不晓得这件事是真是假。I wonder whether it will be fine tomorrow.我不知道明天天气好不好。,(2)last vi.持续，耐久The speech lasted an hour.演讲持续了一小时。How many days will our food last?我们的食物可以维持几天？The patient isnt expected to last the night.没有人认为那病人会熬得过晚上。,10(2008年重庆卷)All people

27、，_they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.Aeven if BwhetherCno matter Dhowever,【解析】句意为：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管他们是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还是贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。whether.or.是固定搭配，意为“无论是还是，不管是还是”。【答案】B,11This painting is splendid，but_we actually need it

28、is a different matter.Athat BwhatCwhether Dhow【解析】句意为：这幅画虽美，但我们是否真的需要它是另一回事，只有C项符合语境及语意，表示“是否”。【答案】C,12The performance_nearly three hours，but few people left the theatre early.Acovered BreachedCplayed Dlasted【解析】句意为：这次演出持续了近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院。lastto continue for a particular period of time持续，继续；cover

29、覆盖，包括，涉及，足以支付；reach到达，够得着；play玩，扮演。【答案】D,But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数表达式：(1).times as.as.是的几倍Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。The big ball is four times as heavy as

30、the small one.这个大球是这个小球的四倍重。,(2).times形容词/副词比较级thanThe new building is four times higher than the old one.新楼比旧楼高4倍。(3).timesthe size/height/length/width/depthof.This ball is twice the size of that one.这个球的大小是那个球的两倍。(4).timeswhat从句The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是10年前

31、的3倍。,13(2009年江西卷)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer_a woman.Athan BsuchCso Das【解析】阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比较句型，其构成应为：倍数词as形容词/副词原级as另一比较对象，所以此空应填as。【答案】D,14(2009年辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.Aas much twice as Btwice as much as

32、Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as【解析】本题句意应为：彼得的夹克衫看上去与杰克的相同，但价格却是他的两倍。表达倍数用“倍数词asadj.as”结构。【答案】B,15(2008年陕西卷)Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.Aas twice large as Btwice as large asCtwice as much as Das twice much as【解析】句意为：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的10倍。形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数as形容词原级as.【答案

33、】B,16Some parts in South China have experienced_this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rain Brain twice as muchCas twice much rain Dtwice rain as much【解析】考查倍数表达法“倍数as many/muchn.as.”。因倍数词为前位限定词，排除B、C两项，而D项不合句型结构。【答案】A,.单词拼写1There is a friendly _(气氛)of helping each other with difficulties in

34、study in our class.【答案】atmosphere2Children should not be allowed to watch_(暴力的)movies.【答案】violent,3I believe the affair is_(有害的)to the company.【答案】harmful4Water_(存在)in three forms，which are liquid，gas and solid.【答案】exists5There are many_(理论)about the origin of life.【答案】theories,.巧思妙解1_matters most i

35、n learning English is enough practice.AWhat BWhyCWhere DWhich【解析】本题考查名词性从句的用法。根据句子的分析，_matters most in learning English是主语部分，is enough practice是谓语部分。再分析主语部分，发现缺少的是主语，指的是事情，所以应该用一个代词what。【答案】A,2_worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThis BThatCWhat DIt【解析】考查代词it的用法。用做形式主语。真正的主语是the way。【答案】D

36、,3_parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.AThat BWhichCWhat DAs【解析】考查名词性从句。所填词引导主语从句，引导词作从句的宾语，指物；用what。【答案】C,4_he couldnt understand was_，as a teacher of Chinese，he was asked to teach history.AWhat；that BWhat；whatCWhat；which DWhy；how【解析】第一个空格引导主语从句，且从句缺宾语，故用what，而不用在从句中作状语的why；第

37、二个空格引导表语从句，且该从句不缺任何成分，故用在表语从句中不作成分的that，而不用在从句中作成分的what，which，how。【答案】A,5_is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.AIt BWhatCAs DWhich,【解析】句意为：我们都知道，2012年奥运会在伦敦举行。本题是由一个主语从句_is known to us all和一个表语从句that the 2012 Olympic.组成，主语从句中缺少主语，用what指代这一事件，注意本题可以转化为It is know

38、n to us all that the 2012 Olympic Games will.(it作形式主语)；以及As is known to us，the 2012 Olympic Games will.(As引导非限制性定语从句)。【答案】B,.情景交际1(2010年长春第一次调研)Hello！Is Mr Fred available?_AI am Mr Fred.BSpeaking.CWho are you?DWho are you looking for?【解析】考查交际用语。打电话时如果自己就是对方要找的人，可以说“This is.speaking”或者简略地说“Speaking”。

39、【答案】B,2(2010年西安检测)Wont you go to the football tonight?_.I might stay at home watching it live on TV instead.AId rather not BIm not sureCI guess so DId love to【解析】考查交际用语。根据答语中的might stay可知，B项符合语境。今晚你不去看足球比赛吗？不确定啊。可能会待在家里看电视直播。【答案】B,3(2009年沈阳检测二)Ive joined a yoga class at our local fitness center.Its

40、a great way to stay fit.Want to join us?_.Yoga is for girls.Id rather do some weight at the gym.ANo wonder BNo wayCNever mind DNo problem,【解析】考查交际用语。句意为：我在我们当地的健身中心参加了一个瑜伽班。这是保持体形的好方法，想参加吗？不行。瑜伽适合女孩子。我宁可在健身房练举重。No wonder表示“难怪”；No way表示“不行，不可能”；Never mind表示“没关系”；No problem则表示“没问题”。所以这里选B项。【答案】B,4(200

41、9年南京检测二)May I ask a favor of you?_.AIts my pleasure BSure，go aheadCWith pleasure DIve no time【解析】考查交际用语。语境为对方请求帮忙。Sure，go ahead意为“当然，请说”，表示同意或允诺。Its my pleasure用来回答对方的道谢。With pleasure表示“非常愿意”，用来回答对方的请求。【答案】C,5(2009年苏、锡、常、镇四市二模)Would you mind if I asked you where youre from?_.AOf course.Im from Londo

42、nBSure.I was born in LondonCNot really.You can do itDNot in the least.Im from London,【解析】考查交际用语。对于mind类问句的回答，应该注意mind的含义“介意；反对”，否则会出现自相矛盾的回答，如选项A、B就是这样。C项中的You can do it与语境不符。not in the least相当于not at all，表示不介意对方询问这个问题，后面同时给出了回答，符合本题语境。【答案】D,.语法专练本单元语法主语从句1(2009年海淀一模)_young people see and hear in th

43、e media helps them to figure out how the world works.AWhich BThatCWhat DHow,【解析】考查主语从句。语境为：年轻人通过媒体听到的和看到的事情帮助他们了解周围的世界是如何运转的。“young people see and hear in the media”中动词see和hear缺少宾语，因此空白处应填What。【答案】C,2(2009年安徽皖南八校联考)Mary looks down today.What is up?Well，_happened between Mary and me is none of your b

44、usiness.Awherever BwhoeverCwhatever Dno matter what【解析】whatever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。【答案】C,3(2009年东城第一学期检测)It makes his life quite different_he has received education abroad.Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow【解析】考查连词。it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，that不可以省略。从句部分主谓宾成分齐全，可以排除B、C；how表方式，不符合语境。【答案】A,4(2009年东城检测)_Obama was elec

45、ted president of the USA is a big success for the blacks in America.A/BThatCWhat DAs【解析】考查复合句。语境：奥巴马当选为美国总统对美国黑人而言是一个巨大的成功。That Obama was elected president of the USA是主语从句，that在从句中没有词义，本身不作句子成分。【答案】B,5(2009年东北三校第二次联考)_makes me feel worried is_singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today.AWhat；what BThat；thatCWhat；that DThat；what【解析】考查名词性从句。第一空的what引导名词性从句，且what在从句中作主语；第二空的that引导表语从句，that没有意义，且不作句子成分，只作连接词。【答案】C,