《英语连读练习》PPT课件.ppt

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1、连读,辅元连读：当前面的单词以辅音结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时将前面的辅音同后面的元音连在一起，像是构成一个音节一样的读出来，以使语言更具有流畅自然的特点。而且连读必须是发生在短语或句子的同一个意群中。在意群(及短语或从句)之间有停顿时，两个短语或两个从句间相邻的音不连读。一般来说有两种连读：在同一意群中的两个词，前者以辅音结尾，后者以元音开头，这两个音就可以连起来读，称为“连读”。相邻的两个词前一个以字母r结尾，后一个词以元音开始，辅音/r/可与后面的元音连读，这种连读叫“r 连读”。,连读,Come in/work out/good idea/think of it Speak E

2、nglish/first of all/not at all/all of us/look at it/pick it up/put it on/let him in/best of all/back in a minute/one of usThere are/our own/more over/for ever/After all/remember it/for instance/clear enough,连读,元元连读：元音对元音的连读实际上是在元音之间插入半元音j或w，从而使纯元音音节之间的过渡变得自然、流畅，读起来更加上口。半元音插入的情况如下：I am/you are/she is

3、/go out/too often Go on/try it/how old How are you doing?,叠合,叠合即前面单词结尾辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时，只需读一次，而不必将这个音读两次。这种情形常发生在p b t d k g等辅音出现的时候。bad desk good day sad dog like candy deep pond take care black coffee bus station book case part time job keep pace big game,失去爆破,失去爆破：顾名思义，指爆破音失去爆破。发生的条件如下：当前面的单词

4、以p b t d k g这六个爆破音中的任何一个结尾，而紧随其后的单词是以辅音开头的，这时前面单词中的爆破音失去爆破。读法是在发爆破音时只阻塞气流却不将之释放，说白了就是只作口型不发音。lap dog big shoeshot day just great sit down red chair cheap box a bad coldgood tea bad boy look good bad news,音节,1.音节的组成音节是读音的基本单位，任何单词的读音，都是分解为一个个音节朗读的。在英语中元音特别响亮，一个元音可构一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。元音：I,

5、a辅音+元音：she,bee,me元音+辅音：egg,ink,am辅音+元音+辅音：pig,swim,swift,split,sixths 此外，还有一种特别的音节，其构成没有元音参与。辅音/l/和/n/是成音节辅音，前面加上另一个辅音，如/bl/,/dl/,/tl/,/tn/,/sl/即可以构成一个音节，如table,middle,bottle,pencil等。,音节,2.开音节和闭音节绝对开音节是指在一个音节中，元音字母后没有辅音字母而构成的音节。如he,be,so,do,no等相对开音节是指在一个音节中，元音字母后面是一个辅音字母（除r)，加不发音的e,构成的音节。如 lake,site

6、,note等在重读开音节中，元音字母发本音。闭音节是指在一个音节中，元音字母和后面的一个或多个辅音字母（除r)构成的音节。如 big,map,stop在重读闭音节中，元音字母发相应短音，即：a/ae/,e/e/,i/i/,o/,u/.如 cat,wet,wit,dog,but,音节,3.音节的划分英语的单词有一个音节的单音节词，两个音节的双音节词，以及三个音节以上的多音节词。单音节词：a,am,can双音节词：a/gain,stu/dy,sis/ter,far.mer多音节词：si/tu/a/tion,in/for/ma/tion,ex/pen/sive元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线

7、。划分音节应以它的语音形式，而不是以书写形式为依据。,音节,两元音之间有一个辅音时，辅音字母归后一个音节，如na/tion,fa/vour,po/si/tion,po/pu/lar有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母归前一个音节，一个归后一个音节，如：mem/ber,sis/ter,en/ter不能拆分的字母组合，按字母组合划分音节，如：daugh/ter,fea/ther,lea/der,wea/ther.,单词重音,1.重读音节和非重读音节重读音节指在双音节或多音节中有一个发音特别响亮的音节，叫重读音节，用重音符号“”标于相应位置。其他音节为非重读音节。如ago/gu/2.重读规则双音节名词和形

8、容词的重音常常在第一个音节上。如；lucky,lazy,mother,farmer双音节词的重音也可以落在第二个音节上，一般是外来语，如法语词。如：hotel,machine,police双音节动词的重音常常在第二个音节上。如：forget,propose,advise,suggest.名词、动词拼法相同的双音节词：重音在前是名词，重音在后是动词。如：contest,contrast,export,import,increase,object,record,survey,input,单词重音,三音节词的重音一般落在第一音节，如：family,company,summary,government

9、有些音节的重音落在第二音节，如：adventure,survival,sufficient,suspicion带有-tion,-ian,-ous,-ence,-ient,-ure等后缀的三音节词，重音一般在倒数第二个音节上。如：profession,condition,situation,musician,contagious,experience,sufficient,adventrue,单词重音,多音节词为四个或四个以上音节的词。重音一般在倒数第三个音节上。如：anniversary,impossibility,international,photography.复合词是有两个词合成的。名

10、词+名词：basketball passport handbag coffee shop;New York United States Los Angles New Zealand形/动+名：blackbird blackboard shortcut highway flashlight 动词性复合词：overwork outplay outgrow understand,短语和句子重音,短语和句子重音重读：实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词）弱读：语法词（an and are was as been but can do for from have he of some than)什么是短

11、语或句子重音?在构成短语或句子的单词中，总有一个单词比别的单词读的重一些，这个单词本身的重读音节也就成为句子的重心。在不特殊强调或作对比的情况下，短语或句子的重音往往落在最后一个出现的实词上。（在对比句中，通常分别代表所对照内容物的不同单词会受到相等程度的重读。）,句子重音,A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重 B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be,实词不重读的特殊情

12、况,a)实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.c)代替词 Which book do you want?The small one.d)感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is!How beautiful she is!e)street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening,虚词重读的特殊情况,a)情态动词，助动词和系

13、动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it?Yes,I do.Are you a doctor?Yes,I am.Can you help me?Yes,I can.I dont like you.He isnt a worker.b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening.Can it be five already?He must be in the room.c)介词在句首和句尾。In the box,he found a letter.He is the person I talked with.d)引导复合句的连词在句首。

14、If you wish,Ill visit you.When he comes,Ill tell him.e)反身代词表示强调。He couldnt come himself.,单词和句子重音,to the storethe tickets our teachermy brother some candy going to Londonleave tomorrow an English teacher the high school very wellwithout any doubtIm going to London.Is she at home?He was away then.Will

15、 you mail it?She is studying English.Does she speak it?I need a book.I need some money.I need pencil and paper.Do you want coffee or tea?,中性的句子重音,不特殊强调或对比某些内容时，句子的重音通常落在最后一个出现的实词上。(Noun)Hes reading a bok.Are you buying a gift for Mry?(Verb)Johns wrking.Do you like to rad?(Adjective)Is her car ble?Im

16、 very hngry.(Adverb of Manner)He speaks English flently Youre doing very wll.Do you har me?Dont snd it.I clled her.Can you d it?I dont lke thatWho tld you?,对比句的重音,在对比句中，通常分别代表所对照内容物的不同单词会受到相等程度的重读。通常的重读(重音落在最后一个名词、动词、形容词或副词上)情况下，出现在短语或句子末尾并代表所对照内容物的两个实词自然受到相等程度的重读。(adj.)Johns tll,but his sisters shr

17、t.My coat is rd,but his coat is whte.(noun)Shes going to wear a scrf not a swater.He likes cffee,but I like ta.(verb)He often clls,but he never wrtes.You must sty at home,but your sister can g out.(adv.)He isnt coming nw,hes coming lter.I met him in the clssroom,not in the drmitory.,实意重读,在进行语言表达时，通常

18、讲话人会在一句话中所要强调的内容上加大音量。即在句子中代表讲话人所强调内容的单词会受到重读，也就是通常所说强调什么，重读什么。Tom likes to play sccer.(不特殊强调)Tom likes to ply soccer.(强调“玩”)Tom lkes to play soccer.(强调“喜欢”)Tm likes to play soccer.(强调“人”),重读练习,a booka good booka very good booka very good text-booka very good school text bookThis is a very good scho

19、ol text-book.,重读练习,朗读以下句子，注意I,me,we,us,he,him,she,it,they,them等人称代词通常不重读。give it to hersend him away take her outwrite them a letter put it downbring her round wake me uppick me up give it uptell her the story,重读练习,Tell him where we are going.Ask her if she wants to go with us.He bought me some flow

20、ers.We blamed ourselves for doing it.Will you show me the way?Phone me if you need me.It told them the truth.Tell Mother I wont be back for dinner.She bought him some chocolates.,弱读与略读,语法性虚词是被弱读的对象，实词很少被弱读。而语法词在英语中的大量运用，使弱读和略读现象在口语会话中极为普遍。,意群和停顿,所谓意群，就是语句的基本构成单元，句子中根据句法结构和逻辑关系必须停顿的若干部分，一个能够表示最小语义单位的

21、单词或词组。意群的划分实质上是句子结构的划分。意群可以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组。意群是一个整体，在说话或朗读时，意群中不能停顿，但意群之间可以作短暂的停顿。当阅读文章的时候，一定要把目光集中在意群的中心，主要是那些中心词（应该是实词）上面，而不是在每个词上都做停留，从一个意群中心词到另一个意群中心词。长句子需要停顿，停顿的技巧就在于意群的划分。受汉语的影响,中国人在说英语时往往缺乏“意群”节奏感。学习的办法就是多听录音，反复模仿。意群分清楚了，读起来连贯了，对句子中的结构也就掌握了。,意群和停顿,请你把下列句子读一读，试着按意群来读。意群的音调一般为升调，也可降调或平调。另外还要注意重读和

22、非重读的区别。另外，阅读时一个句子如果能够很容易地一口气说完，就算作一个气群。一个意群往往较短，若干个意群构成一个气群。句子阅读时有升有降，听起来才抑扬顿挫，清晰悦耳。,语调,降调降调的读法对于中国学生来说比较容易掌握。只要把握住句子的重音即可。使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句。,语调,陈述句一般用降调，声音从一个中等的水平起始，然后在句子重音这个点上声音抬高，力度加大，最后渐渐降落。I am Mary Smith.I said to do it.He wants some chicken.Life is wonderful.He doesnt work part-time.Je

23、nny enjoyed herself by traveling a lot.These places are the best ones in America.I think Peter has been working too hard.Television plays an educational role in our daily life.,语调,如果句子的重音出现在最后一个音节上，声音从一个较高的点上渐渐滑落。Shes going home.Mary and I are in Class One.My name is Bill.This is our desk.We should

24、plant more trees and avoid cutting them down.People have to walk in the sun along the streets.,语调,如果重音不在最后一个音节上，声音直接落下来。Examples：Ill call the doctor.There are several factors.She bought an umbrella.The air in the city is very dirty.Cars are most likely to substitute bicycles in the future.Your effor

25、ts and self-confidence would prove to be fruitful.Money cant buy anything.,语调,并列成串的词的语调and前升，and后降注意成串的数字、字母或单词在朗读时并不是只有一种固定的语调，可分为几组来进行语调的变化，最后一个词一定用降调。1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 apples,bananas,and oranges speak,read,and write pen,paper,and inkTV,radio,and refrig

26、erator classroom,library,and office solid,liquid,and gas,语调,升调：很多中国同学升调读不准，或发音古怪，根本原因在于没有将重音读准，句子的升调应该从句子重音这个点上把调拔起来，而不是随意一升，或从后面的单词上升起来的。,语调,一般疑问句需要用一个 yes 或no 回答，这类问句一般用升调。Do you speak English?Are you a student?Does he speak nglish?Did you study Frnch?Is the cat playing with a bll?Did you live in

27、Frnce?Are the boys aslep?,语调,陈述句的升调语气注意一般情况下陈述句是用降调的，只有在下面所列举的特殊情况下，才会用升调。使用升调的情况当使用升调来读一个陈述句语序的句子时，往往表示惊讶或存疑。陈述存疑Hes coming.Hes coming?She knows him.She knows him?They didnt want to come.They didnt want to come?陈述惊讶Hes forty-two.Hes forty-two?(I cant believe it!He doesnt look that old.)Thats his wi

28、fe.Thats his wife?(I cant believe that woman is his wife.Im very surprised.),语调,选择疑问句的语调选择疑问句的读法我们一般用四个字概括，即“前升后降”。Do you want coffee or tea?Is it John or Fred?Is Billy hungry or tired?Was your sister happy or sad?Is this your bag or his?Do you like to go out or stay at home?Is the girl in red or th

29、e girl in yellow?Is this your mirror or mine?Is the book thick or thin?,语调,特殊疑问句的升调语气特殊疑问句的升调语气是用来使对话方重复其所讲的话，因此不能随便乱用。使用升调的情况特殊疑问句一般用降调，其功能是用来索取信息。Whats her name?Where does she live?Marie.In Paris.,语调,有时对话一方没有听清或不明白另一方的话时，需要对方重复所讲的话，这时可用升调来问“What did you say?”或仅用“What?”即可。Our sons a doctor.Im going

30、 swimming.What did you say?What?I said our sons a doctor.I said Im going swimming.,语调,有时问话一方没听清，或不明白对方对所问问题的回答时，问话方可用升调重复刚刚所问问题，或只用升调重复疑问词即可。Where does your daughter live?When are you leaving?Shes living in Baltimore.Next week.Where does she live?When?In Baltimore.Next week.,意群、语调、停顿练习,下面是几个例子(表意群，表

31、升调，表降调，表平调)：I see animals|in the zoo.Do you want to|have a look?I see tigers|running fast.The more we get together,|thehappier we will be.When the sun comes out,|then I shout,|“Help me,|I willmeltaway.”,意群、语调、停顿练习,Great changes/have taken place/in China/in the past ten years.The young man/is my brother/who joined the army/three years ago.Three passions,/simple but overwhelmingly strong,/have governed my life:/the longing for love,/the search for knowledge,/and unbearable pity/for the suffering of mankind.,