《英语的主语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、英语 的主语,主语+谓语+宾语+状语英语中充当主语成分有哪些词或短语？1.名词或代词2.动词短语：A.动名词：doing sth/being doneB.动词不定式：to do sth3.句子（宾语从句）：A.that.B.whether.C.what/when/where.,一.名词或代词1.名词前一般需要修辞词(特别是可数名词单数）修辞词：指示代词：this,that,these,those 冠词：a/an/the 人称代词所有格：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their注意：每次只能用一个,你的孩子你的那个孩子Your child Your that chil

2、d 第二个词组是错的它是个带情感的短语：译成英语：that child of yours.(your child)模式：that/this+名词+of mine/yours.,你的那部车是多脏。她的这个裙子在国外买的。That car of his is very dirty.This skirt of hers was bought abroad.2.我的朋友One of my friendsA friend of mine(my friends),3.动词短语变为名词短语：1）Make paper making paper paper makingPaper cutting,stamp c

3、ollecting,2)sell tickets selling tickets the selling of tickets the development of economythe development of intelligenceThe making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary,pleasant moment in neighborhood history,Companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be

4、known as“advertising agencies(广告商).3)shop at home home shoppingShop in the storeStore shopping4）he arrived in BeijingHis arrival in Beijing,4.表示“的.”方法：1）用人称代词所以格：My bookHis hometownOur workMy sisters shirtThe teachers office2)无生命的，用ofThe legs of the desk,the home of the internationally celebrated Ca

5、mbridge Film Festival.the ideal home of angels The site is home to Chinas largest dinosaur park.3)用to The key to the lockThe answer to the questionThe key to solving the problemThe entrance to the hole,二.动词短语作主语：1.动词不定式：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。完成这项工程花了他们两年时间。掌握两门外语是必要的。生活在大城市是一个挑战。To complete the project

6、took them two years.To master two foreign languages is necessary.,To live in a large city is a challenge.分析：1.动词不定式作主语视为单数：也就是说谓语用单数形式。2.动词不定式做主语过长，显得头重脚轻。英语中常用it 做形式主语，把动词不定式短语（即主语）放在句末。,To complete the project took them two years.It took them two years to complete the project.To master two foreign

7、 languages is necessary.It is necessary to master two foreign language.,To live in a large city is a challenge.It is a challeng to live in a large city.用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is to的句型.（对）To teach is to learn.（错）It is to learn to teach.,3.动词不定式的逻辑主语用for+名词和代词的宾格放在不定式的前面。Its necessary for you to

8、 lock the car when you do not use it.It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.,Its very kind you to help us.It seemed selfish him not to give them anything.这种情况我们不能用for.因为For you to help us is

9、very kind.For him not to give them anything seemed selfish.句子不通，不符合逻辑。此时我们用of 来引导。,It is very kind of you to help us.You are so kind as to help us.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.He seemed so selfish as not to give them anything.So adj as to do sth:如此.以致,这种情况是由形容词决定的：表示人物性格，特征和评价人

10、物的行为等 kind,nice,polite,careful,foolish,honest,right,brave,selfish(自私的),generous(慷慨的),unwise,wrong,wise.等 句型：It is+adj.+of sb+to do sth.,4.It is名词（a pleasure,a pity,a pleasant thing,ones duty,an honor,a shame,a crime,no easy job.）不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.It is a pity

11、 to have to go without her.It is a glorious death to die for the people.Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.,It requires patience to be a good teacher.It made him extremely happy to get contact。,2.动名词做主语1）表示经常性的动作.2)视为单数（即谓语用单数）早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Reading English aloud in

12、the morning will do you a lot of good.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.,3.动名词的否定：在动名词前加not4.动名词的逻辑主语：用名词的所有格放在动名词前。他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.,Lao Lis going wont be of much help.5.动

13、名词做主语一般不后置，但如果表语是no use,no good,a waste of time,worthwhile 时常后置。Its no use going there today;he wont be at home.Its a waste of time arguing about it.Its no good waiting here.Lets walk home.,it is worthwhile having such a companion.It is worthwhile to improve working conditions for the workers.努力提高工厂

14、工人的工作条件是值得做的。,三.句子做主语（主语从句）1.that 引导的从句That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.That we shall be late is certain.说明：1）该句子是完整的句子（陈述句），that 不能省略。That 没有实际意义。只是起替身的作用。,2)that引导的从句做主语视为单数（即谓语用单数）3.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语

15、从句的连接词没有变化。这时，在口语中，连词that有时则可以省略。That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.,That the driver could not control his car was obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.,用it 作形式主语的结构:It is 名词从句:It is a fact that.It is an honour that.It is common knowledge

16、 that.It is a pity that.It is a wonder that.It is a shame that.It is no wonder that.,她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.it is 形容词+that.It is true/possible/clear/probable/likely.that.It is clear that he was telling the truth.It is true that he has made a very important disco

17、very in chemistry.,It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.+that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用“should+原形”,表虚似语气 这个问题必须马上解决.It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is strang

18、e that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.,it 不及物动词从句 That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.That Peter didnt tell anybody where he was shocked me.It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was.,it is过去分词that.We all kn

19、ow that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.That the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.It was known to us all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.It is/was reported/said/.that.,He told me that a well-known scholar would come to our school the next month.I wa

20、s told that a well-known scholar would come to our school the next month.inform sb that.remind sb that.,It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句：It seems/ed that.It appears/ed that.It happened that.这里it 没有意义：It seems that he has lost something.It seems that he has seen the film.It happened that the two ch

21、eats were there.,It occurred to sb that.突然想起 It came about that.It struck sb that.我突然想起下星期我该去拜访我的朋友珍妮.It occurred to me that I should pay a visit to my friend Jane next week.,It came about that the team which had been considered the most backward in the factory broke the production record.我们厂发生了这样的事

22、：一个一向被认为最落后的班组打破了生产记录。,2.whether 引导的从句做主语不容许if 来引导。Whether it will please them is not easy to say.Whether she will come or not is still a question.Whether she will go home or not is unknown.Whether he will join us wont make too much difference.,Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unkno

23、wn.说明：1)注意时态2）语序3）有时可用it做形式主语，把真正的主语放在句末。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.,Whether he will join us wont make too much difference.It wont make too much difference whether he will join us.Whether it is true remains a problem.It remains a problem whether it is true.whether we shall raise duc

24、ks or geese remains to be decided.It remains to be decided whether we shall raise ducks or geese.,3.特殊问词引导的从句做主语。从句为陈述句顺序。特殊问词在从句中充当成分。从句的意义相当名词。,What is done cant be undone.What we cant get seems better than what we have.What we need is time.What they are after is profit.What caused the accident is

25、 a complete mystery.,was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world,is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.will be o

26、ur monitor hasnt been decided yet.we must study for is a question of great importance.,watch was lost is unknown.is to take Xiao Zhous place as secretary is not yet settled.they will have the sports meet is still a question.they will start has not been decided yet.she should have said such a thing p

27、uzzled him.,she should word the letter troubled her greatly.,主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外:What we need good doctors.Is/are,Wh-从句作主语有时也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末 It is not yet decided who will do that job.It remains unknown when they are going to get married.It is known to us how he became a writer.,6.whatever,whoever,whomever 的用法：Whatever you did is right.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.,Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.,