《英语修辞手法》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Figures of Speech,英语修辞,Figures of speech(修辞)are ways of making our language figurative.When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea,to heighten effect,or to create suggestive imagery,we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively.,Common forms of figur
2、es of speech,1.simile 2.metaphor3.personification 4.metonymy5.synecdoche 6.irony7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition9.antithesis 10.parallelism11.euphemism 12.transferred epithet13.oxymoron 14.alliteration15.hyperbole 16.litotes17.anti-climax 18.assonance19.periodic sentence 20.rhetorical question21.onoma
3、topoeia 22.pun23.antonomasia 24.analogy,1.Simile(明喻),a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common1.用likeThe water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephants skin.Her eyes were jet black,and her hair was like a waterfall.,2、用as表示Every tree and every bran
4、ch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarfrost,white and pure,as snow,delicate and defined as carved ivory.His face was as grey as ashes.As the lion is king of beasts,so is the eagle king of birds.3、用what表示 What light is to the eye knowledge is to the mind.Reading is to the mind what exercise i
5、s to the body.Judicious praise is to the children what the sun is to flowers.,2.Metaphor(暗喻),a comparison between two unlike things,but the comparison is implied rather than statedSnow clothes the ground.The ship ploughed the sea.All the world is a stage,and all the men and women merely players.The
6、boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.He swam bravely against the tide of popular applause.main artery of transportation in the young nations heart,3.Personification(拟人),a figure that endows objects,animals,ideas,or abstractions with human form,character,or sensibility Life dealt him pro
7、found personal tragedies.the river had acquainted him with.to literatures enduring gratitude.Bitterness fed on the man.America laughed with him.The Middle Easter bazaar takes you.The window winked at me.dancing flashes,4.Metonymy(换喻)(借代),a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thin
8、g for that of something else with which it is associated In Japan there is an incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.She was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.heart:feelings and emotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason,Metonymy can b
9、e derived from various sources:,a.Names of personsUncle Sam:the USAb.Animalsthe bear:the Soviet Unionthe dragon:the Chinese(a fight between the bear and the dragon)c.Parts of the bodyheart:feelings and emotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShe was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not
10、 one to let my heart rule my head.grey hair:old age,d.Profession:the press:newspapers,reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar:the legal professione.location of government,business etc.Downing Street:the British Governmentthe White House:the US president and his go
11、vernmentthe Capitol Hill:US CongressWall Street:US financial circlesHollywood:American filmmaking industry,Lets go to bed now.(bed-sleeping)What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.(cradle-birth,grave-death)His pen would prove mightier than his pickax.,5.Synecdoche(提喻),with part represe
12、nting the whole or vise versaTwo heads are better than one.Many hands make light work.The football match was a close contest.In the end,China won.The world knows his worth.The city posted a sign,which turned out to be very controversial.,6.Irony(反语),a figure of speech in which the meaning literally
13、expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,humour or sarcasmHiroshima-the Liveliest City in JapanEach day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly carescongratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought memarching backwards to the glorious ag
14、e of the 16th century,7.Epigram(paradox)(警句)(隽语),a brief,pointed saying that has the nature of a proverbThe best epigrams are those in which there is an apparent contradiction between the intended meaning and the form of the expression.Like antithesis,epigram is based on contrast.Business is busines
15、s.(Friendship is friendship.),Home is home,be it ever so homely.(East or West,home is best.)A little learning is a dangerous thing.Ignorance is the curse of God,knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.The day has eyes,the night has ears.A snow year,a rich year.Words are women,deeds are men.One
16、 has to be cruel to be kind.War is peace.Freedom is slavery.Ignorance is strength.More haste,less speed.,How young are the old?The child is father of the man.(Wordsworth)A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.The more you give,the more you have.多施多得。A man who is full of himself is empty.(Donne)
17、,8.Repetition(重复),We have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley,we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastly,9.Antithesis(对偶),the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balan
18、ced structural forms to achieve emphasisMany are called,but few are chosen.Speech is silver;silence is golden.Man proposes,God disposes.Deeds show what we are,words,what we should be.between what people claim to be and what they really are.a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
19、,10.Parallelism(排比),use of parallel parts of relevant meanings and similar structures to emphasize or render depth to the narrationThe past,with its crimes,its follies,and its tragedies.I see,.I see.the return of the bread-winner,of their champion,of their protectorWe shall fight him by land,we shal
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