《离子共存问题》PPT课件.ppt

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1、离子共存问题,1.Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl2.Na2CO3+2HCl=H2O+CO2+2NaCl 3.Na2SO3+HCl=NaHSO3+NaCl4.Na2SO3+2HCl=H2O+SO2+2NaCl 5.Na2S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl6.Na2S+2HCl=H2S+2NaCl,弱酸酸根可与H+反应，生成对应的弱酸,二元弱酸酸根可与H+反应，生成对应的 弱酸 或 酸式根,H+过量,H+少量,7.2CH3COONa+H2SO4=2CH3COOH+Na2SO48.NaF+HCl=HF+NaCl9.Na2SiO3+H2SO4=H2SiO3+Na2SO410.2KClO+H2

2、SO4=2HClO+K2SO4,CH3COO+H+=CH3COOH,F+H+=HF,SiO32+2H+=H2SiO3,ClO+H+=HClO,弱酸酸根可与 H+反应，生成对应的弱酸,强酸,强酸制弱酸,11.2NaHCO3+H2SO4=2H2O+2CO2+Na2SO412.NaHSO3+HCl=H2O+SO2+NaCl13.NaHS+HCl=H2S+NaCl14.NaHCO3+NaOH=H2O+Na2CO315.NaHSO3+NaOH=H2O+Na2SO316.NaHS+NaOH=H2O+Na2S,弱酸酸式根可与H+反应，生成对应的弱酸,弱酸酸式根可与OH反应，生成对应的弱酸根,弱酸酸式根既可与

3、H+反应，又可与OH反应,17.NH4Cl+NaOH=NH3+NaCl+H2O18.NH4NO3+KOH=NH3H2O+KNO3,NH4+Cl+Na+OH=NH3+Na+Cl+H2O,NH4+OH=NH3+H2O,NH4+NO3+K+OH=NH3H2O+K+NO3,NH4+OH=NH3H2O,19.NaHCO3+NaHSO4=H2O+CO2+Na2SO4,Na+HCO3+Na+H+SO42=H2O+CO2+2Na+SO42,HCO3+H+=H2O+CO2,Zn+2Na+2H+2SO42=H2+Zn2+SO42+2Na+SO42,Zn+2H+=H2+Zn2+,对比：Zn 与盐酸反应的离子方程式,

4、Zn+2NaHSO4=H2+ZnSO4+Na2SO4,在同一溶液中,能发生反应的离子间就不能大量共存,生成沉淀,生成气体,生成水,生成弱酸,生成弱碱,生成弱酸酸式根,H+OH=H2O,与H+不大量共存的离子,1.OH,2.弱酸酸根,3.弱酸酸式根,HCO3,HSO3,HS,与OH不大量共存的离子,1.H+,2.除K+、Na+、Ba2+外的所有金属阳离子,3.NH4+,4.弱酸酸式根,强酸性,强碱性,1.Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl2.Na2CO3+2HCl=H2O+CO2+2NaCl,2Na+CO32+H+Cl=Na+HCO3+Na+Cl,CO32+H+=HCO3,2Na+CO

5、32+2H+2Cl=H2O+CO2+2Na+2Cl,CO32+2H+=H2O+CO2,3.Na2SO3+HCl=NaHSO3+NaCl4.Na2SO3+2HCl=H2O+SO2+2NaCl,2Na+SO32+H+Cl=Na+HSO3+Na+Cl,SO32+H+=HSO3,2Na+SO32+2H+2Cl=H2O+SO2+2Na+2Cl,SO32+2H+=H2O+SO2,5.Na2S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl6.Na2S+2HCl=H2S+2NaCl,2Na+S2+H+Cl=Na+HS+Na+Cl,S2+H+=HS,2Na+S2+2H+2Cl=H2S+2Na+2Cl,S2+2H+=H2S,7.2

6、CH3COONa+H2SO4=2CH3COOH+Na2SO4,CH3COO+H+=CH3COOH,2Na+2CH3COO+2H+SO42=2CH3COOH+2Na+SO42,8.NaF+HCl=HF+NaCl,F+H+=HF,Na+F+H+Cl=HF+Na+Cl,9.Na2SiO3+H2SO4=H2SiO3+Na2SO4,SiO32+2H+=H2SiO3,2Na+SiO32+2H+SO42=H2SiO3+2Na+SO42,10.2KClO+H2SO4=2HClO+K2SO4,ClO+H+=HClO,2K+2ClO+2H+SO42=2HClO+2K+SO42,亚硫 磷酸 氢氟酸甲酸 苯甲 醋酸碳酸 氢硫 次氯酸氰酸 石炭酸,SO32,PO43,F,CH3COO,ClO,S2,CO32,