《肿瘤遗传学》PPT课件.ppt
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1、第十七章 肿瘤,(肿瘤的遗传学),图17-3 肿瘤多步骤发生的图解,肿瘤的多步骤发生,细胞的主要信号传递途径(Major signalling pathways in cell),所有的癌症都是遗传性疾病-因为癌症是由体细胞的一系列的基因突变引起的。大约有 10%癌症病人带有先天性的遗传缺陷,这个遗传缺陷使得他们整个一生中患癌症的机会大幅度上升。三类基因的突变导致癌症的发生:1.癌基因(Oncogene),一般情况下促进细胞生长。(ras,EGF,Neu)2.抑癌基因(Tumor Suppressor Genes),抑制细胞生长,促进细胞分化或凋亡(APC,BRCA1,BRCA2)。这两类基因
2、的协同作用下,细胞就可以癌变。3.细胞维稳基因。修复DNA损伤,避免基因突变(Rad 51,ATM)。多次突变学说。The multi-mutation theory on cancer was proposed by Nordling in the British Journal of Cancer in 1953.Knudson,multiple“hits”to DNA were necessary to cause cancer.In the children with inherited retinoblastoma,the first insult was inherited in
3、the DNA,and any second insult would rapidly lead to cancer.In non-inherited retinoblastoma,two“hits”had to take place before a tumor could develop,explaining the age difference.Rb,APC癌症是免疫性疾病吗?,肿瘤的遗传学改变,Immunity and Cancer,Immunoediting:Immunoediting is a process by which a person is protected from
4、cancer growth and the development of tumour immunogenicity by their immune system.1.Elimination phase 2.Equilibrium 3.Escape Chronic inflammation,on theother hand,has been shownto contribute to tumorigenesisat all stages.It contributes tocancer initiation by generatinggenotoxic stress,to cancer prom
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