《考研英语阅读》PPT课件.ppt

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1、,考研阅读,大纲对阅读的要求,理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；理解文中的概念性含义；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；根据上下文推测生词的词义；理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系。,高考 阅读理解 330词 5题 10 min四级 仔细阅读 300-350词 5题 7.5min 六级 仔细阅读 400-450词 5题 7.5min考研 阅读理解 400词 5题 15min,自然科学类：生物学 医学 科学特点：细节复杂，观点清晰社会人文科学类：文学 历史 哲学 教育 心理特点：评述较多，区分观点社会经济科学类：商业 经济 特点：背景复杂，逻辑性强,考研阅读文章的主题及特点,如何阅读及答题

2、？,读词汇语法+句法篇章,解细节题推理题主旨题语义题态度题,英美报刊原文,中式问题设置,词汇难题,遗忘率高,无法摆脱词汇书,无法理解,back,用科学的方法补偿：,温故而知新,多种手段复合记忆,back,利用词根词缀记忆,无法摆脱的词汇书,记住的不是单词，而是单词所在的页码,back,解决办法：语境记忆,禁忌：边做题边查词！,无法理解,跳a fabulous symbola symbol；if women are mercilessly exploitedif women are exploited推词根词缀:theoretical;homeless连接词(and,or,but)：all ki

3、nds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.从句或插入语:Behaviorists,who study the relation between actions and their consequences.例子:There are many kinds of animals like crocodiles,hippopotamus and rats.,跳推,back,语法难点,省略句,同位语、状语从句（经常考）,比较级,非谓语,定语从句（必考）,倒装句,句法难点,抓主干，去除插入语。插入语在

4、英文中很常见，在文章里主要出现在逗号、破折号后，如：Most people,with the exceptions of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea,have little interest in the sea.Most people have little interest in the sea.,句法难点,分析长难句1 拆分（从关系词拆开）2 连接（自问自答）3 整合（言语逻辑整合）We like eating fish which is delicious.1.W

5、e like eating fish.Fish is delicious.2.We like eating fish.(fish 吃起来如何?)Fish is delicious.3.我们都喜欢吃味道很棒的鱼。,back,篇章,句与句，段与段的逻辑关系：1.转折：转折词：however/but/yet/despite/although/in spite of/while否定词：not/no/wrong2.递进：even/indeed/in fact/actually/in reality3.并列：序数词/further/more/likewise/additional/meanwhile/al

6、so/besides4.承接：thus/so/consequently/as a result,back,细节题的命题规律,人名、引语、年代、数字、大写字母出现的地方常考；特殊标点符号处经常考:冒号、引号、破折号等；连接词处，however,but,yet,in contrast,by comparison,whereas,because,therefore,so,hence,etc.；包含复杂语法关系的长难句中经常考：定语从句，同位语从句和状语从句等。,细节题的解题方法,准确定位，原文与选项对号入座：同义词替换一般是正确答案；选项中含有绝对语气词的一般不是答案，如：must,always,n

7、ever,only,completely；选项中符合一般常识，富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。,细节题干扰选项的特征,与原文内容矛盾；与原文内容貌似，但要么太绝对化，要么意思完全不同；原文中根本没有提到，但较符合考生的思想；与原文的逻辑关系颠倒；概念范围过宽或过窄。,4.Besides reducing human labor,robots can also_.A.make a few decisions for themselvesB.deal with some errors with human interventionC.improve factory environments

8、D.cultivate human creativity,“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”says Dave Lavery,manager of a robotics program at NASA.(Para.3)They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.(Para.5),

9、back,推理题,主要考察考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力。需要具备简单逻辑推理判断能力。重点从文中的有关暗示分析推理判断。,推理题的提问方式,From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.It is implied/indicated/suggested that_.Whats implied but not stated by the author is that _.Para indicates that _.,推理题的命题规律,综合性推论判断的题目常围绕全文内容出题。文章或段落的开头处，以及文章结尾总结处。用来说明主题的细节处。起承转

10、合处。长难句子处。,推理题的解题方法,搞清楚主题意思，准确定位得分句、辅助句，然后进行推理判断。与主题有关的推理，一定要研读首尾段。太绝对的选项一般不是正确的，正确选项总是留有余地的，标志词有：may,probably,sometimes,often,etc.,推理题的解题方法,推理过头，概括过度的选项为无关选项。选项中符合一般常识，意义富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是正确选项。文中未加修改的句子和文中直接陈述事实一定不是正确选项。概括性语言的选项一般是正确选项。,5.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

11、_A.expected to copy human brain in internal structureB.able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationD.best used in a controlled environment,But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percen

12、t that is irrelevant(last Para.)The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability，and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.(last Para.),back,主旨题,主要考察:中心思想和最佳题目关键是研读主题句,主旨题的提问形式,1.What is the main idea/subject of this passage?2.This passage is mainly/primari

13、ly concerned with_3.The main theme/point of the passage is_4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?5.Which of the following best describes that passage as a whole?,主旨题命题规律,首段尾段处。特殊标点符号处,尤其是段首的特殊标点符号处。语义转折处,尤其是首段的语义转折处。因果关系。关系词：because,due to,owing to,since,for,as,therefore,consequ

14、ently,result in,originate from etc.,主旨题答题方法,时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段。注意出现频率高的单词。概括全文，内容全面的选项一般正确。和主题句意思相同或相近的选项一般就是正确答案。干扰项的特点：只有局部信息，范围太宽，无关信息。,5.The best title for the text may be_.A.Use Humor EffectivelyB.Various Kinds of HumorC.Add Humor to SpeechD.Different Humor Strategies,If you intend using humor in y

15、our talk to make people smile，you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.Here is an example，which I heard at a nurses convention，of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.If you feel awkward being humorous，you must practice so that it bec

16、omes more natural.,back,语义题,要求考生具备推测某个超纲单词或短语在特定语境里含义的能力。,语义题的提问方式,According to the author,the word“X”means_.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to“X”?The term“XX”in para can be best replaced by_.As used in the line,the word“”refers to _.Whats the meaning of“”.,语义题命题规律,具有指代上下文语义功能的名词常考。一词多义

17、的常见词和词组常考。对比处常考。复杂句常考。,语义题的解题方法,答案与文章主题关系相近，符合主题一般就是答案。通过连接词（and,or,but,i.e.)所表达的关系判断所考词汇的含义。通过特殊标点符号表达的关系判断词义利用所考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义。选项与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。,2.The word“gizmos”(line 1，paragraph 2)most probably means A.programs B.experts C.devices D.Creatures,As a result，the modern world is increasingly p

18、opulated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.,back,态度题,主要考察作者对文章中某一问题或事物以及整个文章持有的的态度及观点。分析文章体裁，一般说明文中作者的态度是客观或中立的；议论文作者的态度多种多样。,态度题的提问形式,1.Whats the writers attitude to

19、?2.The writers attitude of this passage is apparently _.3.The authors view is _.4.How does the author feel about?5.In the authors opinion,_.6.According to the author,_.,态度题命题规律,涉及文章中心思想处常考。作者提出观点处。语义转折和对比处。复杂句处(虚拟语气处)。,态度题答题方法,分清文章的文体。议论文态度较多。议论文的中心句暗示作者的态度。理解中心思想的基础上判断。区分文章中作者的观点和引文的观点（直接引语和间接引语）。了

20、解表示感情色彩的词。,表示褒义的词：positive,supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring,interesting,humorous,enthusiastic,pleasant,concerned,sober.表示中性的词：indifferent,impassive（不动感情的）,uninterested,neutral,impersonal,subjective,impartial,objective,etc.表示贬义的词：disgusted,critical,negative,suspicious,pessimistic,depressed,wor

21、ried,disappointed,ironic,sarcastic,sentimental,angry,etc.表示文体的词：formal,informal,casual,etc.,5.From the text we can see that the writer feels_A.Optimistic B.sensitiveC.Gloomy D.scared,Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Yet there are good reasons to expect economic consequen

22、ces now to be less severe than in the 1970s.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.,需要细读的地方,文章的开头和结尾；文章每段的开头；文章中的长难句；文章中的意义连接处（特别注意语义转折、因果和对比的逻辑关系）,（中心思想，作者观点）,读得太快，做题靠印象或直觉。2.花费大量时间阅读文章，题目匆匆错过。3.不做任何标记，不知何时做标记。,解题误区,1.章显文章逻辑关系的词：如，but,also,futher more(英语具有较强的逻辑感)2.含有感情色彩表达作者的态度的词，如：fortunately,excessively，too many 3.标志性，指示性的信息，如：时间，地点，人名等。,需做标记的内容,Thank You!,