串联油电混合动力发动机试验研究毕业.doc
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1、Plug-in串联油电混合动力发动机试验研究SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY学士学位论文THESIS OF BACHELOR论文题目: Plug-in串联油电混合动力 发动机试验研究 学生姓名: 学生学号: 专业: 指导教师: 学院(系): Plug-in串联油电混合动力发动机试验研究摘要能源短缺与环境问题已成为当今世界各国所面临的两大重要难题。随着我国经济持续发展,汽车保有量的不断上升,这两大问题凸显的尤为严重。作为汽车消耗能源,产生污染的核心部件内燃机,也面临着前所未有的挑战。如何减少能源消耗及环境污染,是内燃机研究领域的重大问题。改善内燃机的燃烧方式以及合理汽车
2、的动力总成形式是解决上述问题的有效途径,均质压燃(HCCI)燃烧方式和增程式动力结构是可以利用的具体手段。增程式汽车因其将内燃机来带动发电机,让发电机给电池充电,使用电能作为汽车动力,从而广受好评。它的出现克服了内燃机排放高的缺点,又以干净能源作为动力,更重要的是能使内燃机始终维持在最佳工况状态,从而达到了高效又节能的目的,因而使增程式汽车在面世时便受到了业内的欢迎。虽然它并不能代替电动汽车在未来的主导地位,但在如今尚未解决电池储存能量低、实用化及商业化难度大的情形下,增程式汽车是首当其冲的过渡车型。然而,增程式汽车在美国的发展已经相当成熟,却在中国迟迟未能得到很好的发展。面对汽油机与柴油机各
3、自的技术已日趋达到的极限,均质压燃(HCCI)燃烧技术以其低氮氧化物、低微粒排放和高热效率的优点而引起世界各国的广泛关注。然而,控制着火时刻和燃烧反应速率以及扩展运行工况范围等,始终是发动机实现HCCI燃烧的关键和难点。现在,上海交通大学、清华大学、天津大学、华中科技大学等国内著名大学正在积极地展开均质压燃HCCI燃烧技术的研究工作。正当人们始终难以扩展均质压燃HCCI燃烧运行工况范围的时候,增程式汽车能使内燃机始终维持最佳工况的优点,让均质压燃HCCI燃烧在增程式汽车上实现成为了可能,也让均质压燃HCCI燃烧的工况范围窄的缺点得到了弥补。基于这一思想,上海交通大学与上汽集团合作负责了这次的试
4、验研究Plug-in串联油电混合动力HCCI汽油机的试验研究。本次试验的目的是在增程式汽车上实现均质压燃HCCI燃烧技术。这次试验的成功,将会是两大新兴技术的融合与发展,帮助中国的汽车事业跃上一个新的台阶。本文作者所参与的试验研究为前期台架搭建、发动机磨合测试、发动机外特性测试和万有特性测试、以及发动机的改装和均质压燃HCCI燃烧控制等。而本次试验的重点,是均质压燃HCCI燃烧控制策略的研究。因此,本文所涉及的大部分内容将是关于均质压燃HCCI燃烧。本文首先介绍了增程式汽车及均质压燃HCCI燃烧的概念及发展历程。其次,通过与传统点燃式(SI)发动机和传统压燃式(CI)发动机的对比,说明了HCC
5、I燃烧的燃烧方式及特点。然后重点地突出说明了汽油机HCCI燃烧的实现与控制方式进气加热、废气再循环(EGR)、增大压缩比和使用负阀重叠技术,以及HCCI燃烧技术如今所面临的一系列控制及排放问题着火时刻难以控制、冷起动困难、HC和CO排放高、运行工况范围窄等。如此介绍,以求使本文能够清晰地表明当前世界均质压燃HCCI燃烧所使用的最新技术以及目前为止最新的成就。本次试验所使用的发动机是上汽荣威350所搭载的NSE1.5升16双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC)发动机。该款发动机是上汽自主研发发动机的精心力作。试验所使用的HCCI发动机控制系统大部分是由湖南长沙湘仪动力测试仪器有限公司生产。试验前,首先进行了发
6、动机的磨合、外特性试验以及万有特性的测试。通过分析以进行发动机的各特性测试。然后改装进气管道,加装进气电加热装置,改塑料进气管道为不锈钢,使用PID控制进气加热,以使发动机在不考虑功率等其它因素的情况下,初步实现HCCI燃烧。然后,改变活塞形状,令压缩比由10.5增至15.5,以求压燃稳定,提前着火时刻。最后,改变气门重叠角成为负值,得到负阀重叠,使发动机实现内部EGR。后两种方式,都可以弥补进气加热的降低发动机功率、减少进气充量、燃烧范围小等缺点,从而实现稳定的HCCI燃烧。本次试验研究由于时间及其他不可抗力的原因限制,在完成发动机进气加热系统的安装后,未能再有时间进行进气加热的HCCI燃烧
7、研究,所以本人仅参与了本次试验研究前期的准备工作,如实验台架的搭建,发动机的磨合,外特性及万有特性测试,但是依然获得了极大的收获,对发动机的测试方法及流程有了较为深入的了解和实践,同时获得发动机特性数据,从而可以对发动机进行特性分析。本文的最后,通过分析了发动机外特性、万有特性等数据,以对该发动机进行燃烧特性等方面的了解。其中,尤以油耗量,缸内压力以及放热率为主要量。油耗量是决定发动机能量转换的效率;缸压表示了内燃机做功的大小;放热率则代表了发动机的燃烧特性。通过曲轴转角与缸压和放热率同时分析,以取得更多特性的了解。本次测试试验,对于该发动机特性取得了如下结论:(这是汽油机固有的特性。建议删除
8、)(1) 扭矩曲线呈现随转速提高而下降的趋势,只是在低速范围才有一段随转速下降而下降的情况;功率基本随转速的增大而增大,在极高转速下功率会有所下降;油耗率曲线一般随转速的提高而上升,在最低速端略有上翘。(2) 发动机缸压、放热率随转速及扭矩的增加而增加,同时,最大压升率及最大爆发压力也随之变大。并且,缸压与放热率基本在同时达到最大。(3) 放热率曲线呈单韦伯曲线。发动机累积放热率基本不随转速与扭矩的变化而变化。放热率较为稳定,持续时间基本一致,说明燃烧稳定,燃烧特性好。该发动机在最大转速范围内运转基本稳定,各特性也符合理论情况。因此,可以使用本台发动机实现HCCI燃烧。在以后的试验中,将使用以
9、上所述的三种方式以实现HCCI燃烧。关键词:增程式,HCCI,控制Plug-in Hybrid Engine Test SeriesABSTRACTNowadays, the energy shortages and the environmental problems have been the two major challenges the word is facing. With the increasingly rapid economic development and the raising quantity of vehicles in the world, these two
10、 issues become particularly severe. As the core component of the energy consumption which also produces pollution, the internal-combustion engine also try hard to fight against utilization of natural energy and pollution. Hence, the new technologies such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition em
11、erge as the times require.Distance-added vehicle widely acclaimed because it uses electric power as driving force,and also charge the battery by generator powered by engine. It not only conquers the highly-polluting of the internal-combustion engine, but also utilizes clean energy as driving force,
12、and the most important point is keep the engine at a sustainable best situation which made the vehicle warmly popularized when it emerged.As the fact that the gasoline engine and diesel engine technology has almost reached their ceiling, distance-added vehicle and homogeneous charge compression igni
13、tion (HCCI) with its low nitrogen oxide combustion technology, low particulate emissions and the high thermal efficiency raises widespread concerns around the world. However the control of ignition and combustion reaction rate and extending the rage of operating conditions to achieve HCCI is always
14、the crucial point and difficulty as well. Nowadays, some famous universities such as Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, and Huazhong University of Science are actively engaged in the study of HCCI Combustion Technology.While it is still difficult to expand the sc
15、ope of HCCI combustion operating conditions when the car can increase engine program has the advantages of maintaining the best conditions for HCCI combustion in the car realized by the program as possible.Based on this idea, this study test Plug-in Hybrid Engine under the charge of Shanghai Jiaoton
16、g University and Shanghai Automotive Group is aiming at achieving the HCCI combustion technology in distance-added vehicle, which is an innovation, but also a pioneering work in the world. The success of this test will be a mark of integration and development of two emerging technologies.The author
17、is participating in research for the early bench structures, engine testing, engine performance testing and a characteristic test, as well as engine conversion and homogeneous charge compression ignition HCCI control, etc. The focus of this test is the controlling of a homogeneous charge compression
18、 ignition HCCI. Therefore, this article covers most of the contents of the will is about HCCI.The first part of this thesis describes the concept and evolution of the distance-added vehicle and homogeneous charge compression ignition HCCI. Secondly, with the contrast between traditional SI engine an
19、d traditional compression-ignition (CI), the way of combustion HCCI and its characteristics is described. Then emphatically underlined the gasoline engine HCCI implementation and control-air heating, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), increased compression ratio and use negative valve overlap technolo
20、gy, as well as HCCI technology now faced a series of control and discharge of ignition is difficult to control, cold starting, high emissions of HC and CO, narrow operating range. The thesis is written in this way in order to be able to make this article clearly indicates the HCCI technology current
21、ly used in the world and its latest achievements.This test is used by the engine is SAIC majestic 350 drove NSE1.5 + 16 double overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine. This engine is SAIC developed engine of meticulous masterpiece. Test the use of HCCI engine control system is in Changsha of Hunan province
22、xiangyi dynamic test instrument co., Ltd. production. Test before, start with the engine running, performance test, and test everything. By analysing the various engine for performance measurement. And then modified air intake pipe, equipped with electric heating device inlet, intake pipes are stain
23、less steel, the PID control air heating, so the engine does not consider other factors such as power, preliminary implementation of HCCI. Then, change the piston shape, compression ratio from 10.5 to 15.5, for ignition stable, ignition advance. Finally, change the valve overlap become negative, nega
24、tive valve overlap, so that the engine for internal EGR. The latter two methods, you can compensate for the reduced engine intake air heating power, reduce the intake charge, burning range small shortcomings, enabling stable HCCI.Because of time constraints, after the completion of refitting the int
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