《担保法律制度》PPT课件.ppt
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1、第七章 担保法律制度chapter 7 secured interests law,一、担保法概述 summary of secured interests law(一)担保法的概念:指调整债务人、担保人与债权人之间所发生的民商事关系的法律规范的总称。,中华人民共和国担保法1995年10月日起施行 最高人民法院关于适用若干问题的解释 2000年12月13日起施行。Explanations by The Supreme Peoples Court on Certain Questions Regarding The Application of The Secured Interests Law
2、物权法2007年3月16日,十届全国人大五次会议高票通过。2007年10月1日生效。,物权法第178条明确规定:“担保法与本法的规定不一致的,适用本法。”担保法继续有效。二者的关系:吸收、补充、修改。,(二)担保:guarantee指促使债务人履行其债务,保障债权人的债权得以实现的法律措施。1、担保的种类:classification of guarantee人的担保物的担保金钱担保,2、我国担保法规定的担保方式:Security devices in SIL保证guarantee 人的担保抵押mortgage质押hypothecation/pledge 物的担保留置lien定金deposit
3、/earnest 金钱担保,3、反担保:counter-guarantee 概念:第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保时,债务人应第三人的要求,为第三人所提供的担保。担保法第四条:第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保时,可以要求债务人提供反担保。反担保适用本法担保的规定。反担保方式可以是债务人提供的抵押或者质押,也可以是其他人提供的保证、抵押或者质押。(担保法解释第条反担保方式:保证、抵押或者质押The counter guarantor may be a debtor or anybody else.The form of counter guarantee may either be the mort
4、gage or pledge provided by the debtor or the guarantee,mortgage or pledge provided by anybody else.,、担保合同secured contract:受益的债权人与担保人约定的,以担保法规定的担保方式,担保债权实现的合同。担保合同与主合同的关系要点,物权法第一百七十二条设立担保物权,应当依照本法和其他法律的规定订立担保合同。担保合同是主债权债务合同的从合同。主债权债务合同无效,担保合同无效,但法律另有规定的除外。担保合同与主合同存在密切的法律关系,一般来说,担 保合同是主合同的从合同,主合同无效,担保
5、合同无效;主合同有效,担保合同可能有效,也可能无效,具体而言,担保合同与主合同在法律效力上的 关系有以下几种情况:1主合同有效而担保合同无效的情况下,债权人无过错的,担保人与债务 人对主合同债权人的经济损失,承担连带赔偿责任;债权人、担保人有过错的,担保人承担民事责任的部分,不应超过债务人不能清偿部分的l2。2主合同无效而导致担保合同无效的情况下,担保人无过错的,担保人不 承担民事责任;担保人有过错的,担保人承担民事责任的部分,不应超过债务人 不能清偿部分的13。“不能清偿”指对债务人的存款、现金、有价证券、成品、半成品、原材料、交通工具等可以执行的动产和其他方便执行的财产执行完毕后,债务仍未
6、能得到 清偿的状态。担保人因无效担保合同向债权人承担赔偿责任后,可以向债务人追偿,或者在承担赔偿责任的范围内,要求有过错的反担保人承担赔偿责任。担保人可以根据承担赔偿责任的事实对债务人或者反担保人另行提起诉讼。,Article 5 A guarantee contract should be subordinated to the principal contract.When the principal contract is nullified,the guarantee contract should also become invalid.Otherwise,should there
7、be some arrangements stipulated in the guarantee contract,those arrangements shall be followed instead.After the nullification of the guarantee contract,mistakes,if any,of the debtor,guarantor or creditor,shall be affixed with due civil responsibilities.,Judicial explanation Article 7 The guarantor
8、and the debtor shall be jointly liable to make compensation to the creditor to the principal contract for the economic losses incurred if the creditor is faultless under an invalid guarantee contract while the principal contract is valid.The guarantor shall bear a share of civil liability not more t
9、han one half of all the debt to be paid off if the creditor and the guarantor are at fault.,Judicial explanation Article 8 The guarantor shall not bear any civil responsibility if the guarantor is faultless under an invalid principal contract that leads to an invalid guarantee contract.The guarantor
10、 shall bear a part of civil liability not more than one third of all the debt to be paid off if he(or she)is at fault.,Judicial explanation Article 9 The guarantor may,after undertaking the responsibility of compensation to the creditor under an invalid guarantee contract,press the debtor for compen
11、sation,or within the scope of the compensation responsibility,demand the faulty counter guarantor bear compensation responsibilities.The guarantor may,according to the factual compensation responsibilities,lodge a separate lawsuit against the debtor or the counter guarantor.,二、保证GUARANTEE(一)概念和特征是指保
12、证人和债权人约定,当债务人不履行债务时,保证人按照约定履行债务或者承担责任的行为。当事人:保证人、被保证人(债权人)、债务人 Article 6 Guarantee referred to in this law means the acts of a guarantor to pay the debts or assume the responsibility under an agreement between the guarantor and the creditor,in case the debtor fails to pay the debts.,(二)保证人guarantor1
13、、积极资格具有代为清偿债务能力的法人、其他组织或者公民,可以作保证人。Article 7 Legal persons,other organizations or citizens that have the capacity to pay off debts can act as guarantors.,2、消极资格不得做保证人的民事主体国家机关不得为保证人但经国务院批准为使用外国政府或者国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的除外。Article 8 State organs cannot act as guarantors,except for sub-lending of loans from fo
14、reign governments or international economic organizations.,学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体不得为保证人。从事经营活动的事业单位、社会团体为保证人的,如无其他导致保证合同无效的情况,其所签定的保证合同应当认定为有效。Schools,kindergartens,hospitals and other institutions or social groups with the aim of benefiting the public cannot act as guarantors.Article 16 The gua
15、rantee contract signed by institutions and social organizations engaged in operating activities as guarantors shall be deemed as valid provided that there is no condition that leads to the invalidity of the contract.,企业法人的分支机构只能在企业法人的书面授权范围内进行保证活动Branches of enterprise legal persons cannot act as gu
16、arantors.Branches of enterprise legal persons,with the legal persons written empowerment,can offer guarantee within the authorized areas.,(司法解释)第十七条企业法人的分支机构未经法人书面授权提供保证的,保证合同无效。因此给债权人造成损失的,应当根据担保法第五条第二款的规定处理。企业法人的分支机构经法人书面授权提供保证的,如果法人的书面授权范围不明,法人的分支机构应当对保证合同约定的全部债务承担保证责任。企业法人的分支机构经营管理的财产不足以承担保证责任的,
17、由企业法人承担民事责任。企业法人的分支机构提供的保证无效后应当承担赔偿责任的,由分支机构经营管理的财产承担。企业法人有过错的,按照担保法第二十九条的规定处理。,第二十九条 企业法人的分支机构未经法人书面授权或者超出授权范围与债权人订立保证合同的,该合同无效或者超出授权范围的部分无效,债权人和企业法人有过错的,应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责任;债权人无过错的,由企业法人承担民事责任。,Judicial explanation Article 17 The guarantee contract shall be invalid if the guarantee is provided by a
18、 branch of a corporate without the written authorization of the corporate.The losses thus inflicted on the creditor shall be dealt with according to Paragraph 2 of Article 5 under the Secured Interests Law.In a case of guarantee provided by a branch of a corporate with the written authorization of t
19、he corporate,the branch shall bear the guarantee responsibility for all the debts as agreed upon under the guarantee contract if the scope of the written authorization is unclear.The corporate shall bear civil responsibility if the property of the branch thereof is inadequate to bear the guarantee l
20、iabilities.In a case of invalid guarantee by a branch of a corporate that bears compensation responsibility,the compensation shall be made from the property under the management of the branch thereof.The case shall be dealt with according to Article 29 of the Secured Interests Law if the corporate i
21、s faulty.,企业法人的职能部门不得担任保证人。functional departments of enterprise legal persons cannot act as guarantors.第十八条企业法人的职能部门提供保证的,保证合同无效。债权人知道或者应当知道保证人为企业法人的职能部门的,因此造成的损失由债权人自行承担。债权人不知保证人为企业法人的职能部门,因此造成的损失,可以参照担保法第五条第二款的规定和第二十九条的规定处理。Judicial explanation Article 18 A guarantee contract shall be invalid if t
22、he guarantor is a functional department of a corporate.The creditor shall bear the responsibility for the losses thus inflicted if he knows or ought to know that the guarantor is a functional department of a corporate.If the creditor does not know that the guarantor is.a functional department of a c
23、orporate,the losses thus inflicted may be dealt with in reference to Paragraph 2 of Article 5 and Article 29 of the Secured Interests Law.,3 共同保证两个以上的民事主体担任同一债务保证人的保证行为种类:按份共同保证 连带共同保证Article 12 If one debt has more than two guarantors,the guarantors shall share their responsibility of guarantee in
24、accordance with the arrangements laid down in the guarantee contract.If there are no arrangements on the share of guarantee responsibility,the guarantors shall assume joint responsibility and the creditor can demand any one of the guarantors to pay the whole debt;and any of the guarantors has the ob
25、ligation to pay the total of the debt.The guarantor who has paid the debt has the right to seek compensations from the debtor,or demand other guarantors who have joint responsibility to pay their share.,按份共同保证是指两个以上的保证人按照约定的份额承担保证责任。两个以上保证人对同一债务同时或者分别提供保证时,各保证人与债权人没有约定保证份额的,应当认定为连带共同保证。连带共同保证的保证人不得以
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