云计算技术及应用ppt课件.ppt
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1、云计算技术及应用,大连理工大学计算机科学与技术学院2010年春季,基本情况,申彦明B810助教:齐恒B812Office hour:Fri 3:30-4:30 PMCourse website:http:/,教材内容,分布式系统的概况分布式与集群基本概念分布式数据库分布式文件系统GFS分布式编程MapReduce算法介绍搜索引擎与PageRank其它相关技术Data CenterBigTableAppEngine,Grading,HW:40%Final Project:60%Final project proposalProject reports12 teams,4-5 students,S
2、yllabus(Subject to change),Week 2Mar 8:Lecture 1:Introduction Mar 10:Lecture 2:Map/Reduce Theory and Implementation,HadoopWeek 3Mar 15:Lecture 3&4:Guest Speaker(8:00 AM-11:35AM研教楼102)Mar 17:Lecture 5:Distributed File System and the Google File SystemWeek 4Mar 22:Lecture 6&7:Guest Speaker(8:00 AM-11:
3、35AM研教楼102)Mar 24:Lecture 8:Distributed Graph Algorithms and PageRankWeek 5Mar 29:Lecture 9:Introduction to Some ProjectsMar 31:Lecture 10:Data Centers,Syllabus(Subject to change),Week 6Apr 5:Lecture 11:Some Google TechnologiesApr 7:Lecture 12:VirtualizationWeek 7Lecture 13&14:Project PresentationWe
4、ek 8:No class Week 9:Lecture 15&16:Project Presentation,Gartner Report,Top 10 Strategic Technology Areasfor 2009 VirtualizationCloud ComputingServers:Beyond BladesWeb-Oriented ArchitecturesEnterprise MashupsSpecialized SystemsSocial Software and Social NetworkingUnified CommunicationsBusiness Intell
5、igenceGreen Information Technology,Top 10 Strategic Technology Areas for 2010Cloud Computing Advanced AnalyticsClient Computing IT for GreenReshaping the Data CenterSocial ComputingSecurity Activity Monitoring Flash MemoryVirtualization for AvailabilityMobile Applications,From Desktop/HPC/Grids to I
6、nternet Clouds in 30 Years,HPC moving from centralized supercomputers to geographically distributed desktops,clusters,and grids to clouds over last 30 yearsR/D efforts on HPC,clusters,Grids,P2P,and virtual machines has laid the foundation of cloud computing that has been greatly advocated since 2007
7、Location of computing infrastructure in areas with lower costs in hardware,software,datasets,space,and power requirements moving from desktop computing to datacenter-based clouds,What is Cloud Computing?,1.Web-scale problems2.Large data centers3.Different models of computing4.Highly-interactive Web
8、applications,1.“Web-Scale”Problems,Characteristics:Definitely data-intensiveMay also be processing intensiveExamples:Crawling,indexing,searching,mining the WebData warehousesSensor networks“Post-genomics”life sciences researchOther scientific data(physics,astronomy,etc.)Web 2.0 applications,How much
9、 data?,Google processes 20 PB a day(2008)“all words ever spoken by human beings”5 EBCERNs LHC will generate 10-15 PB a year,640K ought to be enough for anybody.,What to do with more data?,Answering factoid questionsPattern matching on the WebWorks amazingly wellLearning relationsStart with seed inst
10、ancesSearch for patterns on the WebUsing patterns to find more instances,How do I make money?,Petabytes of valuable customer dataSitting idle in existing data warehousesOverflowing out of existing data warehousesSimply being thrown awaySource of data:OLTPUser behavior logsCall-center logsWeb crawls,
11、public datasets Structured data(today)vs.unstructured data(tomorrow)How can an organization derive value from all this data?,2.Large Data Centers,Web-scale problems?Throw more machines at it!Centralization of resources in large data centersNecessary ingredients:fiber,juice,and landWhat do Oregon,Ice
12、land,and abandoned mines have in common?Important Issues:EfficiencyRedundancyUtilizationSecurityManagement overhead,3.Different Computing Models,Utility computingWhy buy machines when you can rent cycles?Examples:Amazons EC2Platform as a Service(PaaS)Give me nice API and take care of the implementat
13、ionExample:Google App EngineSoftware as a Service(SaaS)Just run it for me!Example:Gmail,“Why do it yourself if you can pay someone to do it for you?”,4.Web Applications,What is the nature of future software applications?From the desktop to the browserSaaS=Web-based applicationsExamples:Google Maps,F
14、acebookHow do we deliver highly-interactive Web-based applications?AJAX(asynchronous JavaScript and XML)A hack on top of a mistake built on sand,all held together by duct tape and chewing gum?,Some Cloud Definitions,Ian Foster et al defined cloud computing as a large-scale distributed computing para
15、digm,that is driven by economics of scale,in which a pool of abstracted virtualized,dynamically-scalable,managed computing power,storage,platforms,and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the internet(云计算是一种商业计算模型。它将计算任务分布在大量计算机构成的资源池上,使各种应用系统能够根据需要获取计算力、存储空间和各种软件服务。)IBM exper
16、ts consider clouds that can:Host a variety of different workloads,including batch-style backend interactive,user-facing applicationsAllow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out quickly through the rapid provisioning of virtual machines or physical machinesSupport redundant,self-recovering,highly sc
17、alable programming models that allow workloads to recover from HW/SW failuresMonitor resource use in real time to rebalance allocations on demand,Internet Cloud Goals,Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large pool of users,improving overall resource utilizationSeparation of infrastructure maintena
18、nce duties from domain-specific application developmentMajor cloud applications include upgraded web services,distributed data storage,raw supercomputing,and access to specialized Grid,P2P,data-mining,and content networking services,Three Aspects in Hardware that are New in Cloud Computing,The illus
19、ion of infinite computing resources available on demand,thereby eliminating the need for cloud users to plan far ahead for provisioningThe elimination of an up-front commitment by cloud users,thereby allowing companies to start small and increase hardware resources when neededThe ability to pay comp
20、uting resources on a short-term basis as needed(e.g.,processors by the hour and storage by the day)and release them after done and thereby rewarding resource conservation,Some Innovative Cloud Services and Application Opportunities,Smart and pervasive cloud applications for individuals,homes,communi
21、ties,companies,and governments,etc.Coordinated Calendar,Itinerary,job management,events,and consumer record management(CRM)servicesCoordinated word processing,on-line presentations,web-based desktops,sharing on-line documents,datasets,photos,video,and databases,etcDeploy conventional cluster,grid,P2
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