《小组长句翻译》PPT课件.ppt

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1、汉译英,长句翻译,汉语与英语构句的不同特点,英语长句结构：主语+谓语+修饰语 并列成分或并列句 短语或从句英语主谓关系非常明显，其他成分通过各种手段（介词、连词、关系代词、关系副词）同主谓成分挂钩,汉语连接词相对少，使用频率也低少用介词而多用动词结构松散，分句间缺乏应有的形式连接汉语构句注重意义连贯逻辑顺序，先后及因果,采用原序对译法，也就是顺着往下译(但不是字字对应译)。有些汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，在翻译时则可按照原文顺序进行翻译。这多用于单一主语的长句，但译者在译文中要分清句中的信息重心。,When we had tea,I could not take my eyes

2、from her small,delicate hands,the graceful way she moved,her bright,black eyes,and expressionless clear face.,我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典雅的举止，亮晶晶的黑眼睛，清秀而没有表情的面庞。,分析：主干我打量她，后面都是我所看到的细节描写。,当他们活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。(2005 年TEM8)分析:单一主语，语义的表述顺序英汉语一致，故顺译。-“总要尽量多工作、多学习”是“他”活着时的动作行为，因而译为主要的表达方式，其它

3、部分译为非谓语动词形式。As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives,汉民族在思维上历来注重“悟性”、“直觉”，强调“先发生的事先说，后发生的事后说”，从整体上汉语表现为意合的语义型语言，语义通过语序表达出来。而英美人偏重理性思维，其语言表现为形合的分析型语言，其语义通过逻辑关系析出。,比较：This is the cat

4、This is the cat that killed the ratThis is the cat that killed the rat that ate the maltThis is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the houseThis is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built好好的。照顾得好好的。把一切照顾得好好的。竟然把一切照顾得好好的。他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。

5、没料到他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。的确没料到他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。她的确没料到他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。她说她的确没料到他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。我听她说她的确没料到他竟然把一切照顾得好好的。,在句子顺序上，汉语属于逆线性延伸，而英语术语顺线性延伸语言。,世界各国的医学专家们多年来一直在致力于构建一整套科学的有关人体健康的标准体系。分析:句子的主干:多年来专家们构建体系。而句中的其他部分则多数充当了定语、状语等。For years，medical experts from different countries have committed themselves to establishin

6、g a set of scientific standard system for human health,每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国到处可见。分析:本句中，前几个小句是无主句，之后又出现外位复指词“这”来作总结说明，这样的句型如果硬生生译成“At four or five pm in England，people eat some bread or biscuits and have a short chat，this is common in England”贻笑大方。这时需要调整语序，以适应英语的表达习惯。-“这种情景（喝茶、吃面

7、包等）到处可见。”There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PMwhen people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation,东方明珠广播电视塔位于黄浦江畔，浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面环水，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望，是亚洲第一，世界第三的高塔。The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands on the Huangpu

8、 River and at the point of Lujiazui.Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated western architectures in the Bund across the river,the 468-meter-tall tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.Or：Located beside the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui,

9、the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower is surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated western architectures in the Bund across the river.With its height of 468 meters,the tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.,合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较

10、多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。不管是顺译还是逆序翻译，汉译英都不可避免会用到合并法。,顺译法中用到合并法的例子,当他们活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives,逆序法融合合并法的例子,每天下午四五

11、点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国到处可见。There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PMwhen people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation,男人在结婚前觉得适合自己的女人很少，结婚后觉得适合自己的女人很多。Man might think that few women fit him before his marriage,while contr

12、arily when they get married.contrarily it is another thing/it is the opposite,技巧1 语义层次多时分译。汉语句子较长，内容复杂，层次多时通常可断句分译。,接着，他继续设想，/鸡又生鸡，/用鸡卖钱，/钱买母牛，/母牛繁殖，/卖牛得钱，/用钱放债，/这么一连串的发财计划，当然也不能算是生产的计划。分析:典型的流水句，句意随着说话人的意识如流水般发展下去，内容较多。因而，此句需要断开，将其译为七个短句，层次不仅分明，表达也更清楚。He went on indulging in wishful thinking.Chicke

13、ns would breed more chickens Selling them would bring him money With this he could buy cows The cows would breed too and selling oxen would make more money for him With the money，he could become a money lender Such a succession of steps for getting rich，of course，had nothing at all to do with produc

14、tion,技巧2：在主语变换的地方分译,一个汉语句子可以有多个不同的主语，也可以是无主句。而一个英语句子只能有一套主谓结构，主语谓动机制(SVDevice)有提携全句结构的职能，其主语具有不可或缺性。在英译汉语长句时，首先要找出其中隐身的主语，然后根据主语的不同，在主语转换的地方另起分句，以更加符合英语一个主语对应一个谓语的要求，符合英语的语法要求。,她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。分析:这个句子虽然不是很长，但句的主语是“她”，说明“她”透过窗子看到了什么;句具体描写了“她”看到的船里船夫在睡觉。句的主语“船夫”明显不同于句的主语“她”，因而，在主语转换之处分句

15、另译有利于译文表达清楚。译文:Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank In it there was a boatman fast asleep,技巧3：总说或分述时要分译,汉语长句中有一种是总分复句，即先总后分或先分后总的复句。这时的总说部分和分述部分自然形成两个梯级，因而在英译时也自然需要分译。如:我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园;过不了几个月，居然收获了!分析:破折号之前是总述，后面交待了几个姊弟和几个小丫头喜欢的表现，分译后结构更清楚。译文:At

16、that my brother，sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids And then some went to buy seeds，some began to dig up the ground and others watered it and，in a couple of months，we had a harvest!,技巧4：句义转折时可以分译:,当汉语长句中含有转折关系时，其语气前后发生了变化，前半句是一种情况，后半句是另一种情况，那么，英译时应当考虑在此处断开分译，以更加符合英语的语言习惯

17、。得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。(2003TEM8)分析:本句前半句讲“我”得病前在家里如何受宠的情况，后半句讲“我”得病后“我”感到如何受到冷遇，前后所述截然不同，因而断句分译更加能够突出作者当时的心理不平衡译文:Before I was taken ill，I had been a spoiled child of my parents，getting things my way in the family Once isolated and confined to a small house on th

18、e slope of the garden，I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped,技巧5：汉语长句中的“反问”、“感叹”“比方”分句要分译:,汉语竹节型的语言特点表现了说话者想到哪说到哪儿的随意性，也体现了其流水句的意合特点，即使在发出感叹或疑问时也不例外。而英美民族重逻辑推理的思维方式使其语言在表达思想时更着重于形式的表现，句型特征明显，其反问句、感叹句等有特殊的句型表现形式，因而在英译汉语有反问句、感叹句、打比方等的长句时应选择分译法。如:,既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者应有的风格，让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中

19、去探索无穷的真理吧!分析:本句有两个层次:第一层在处，表述作者对大家提出的探索真理的呼吁号召，第二层中句讲出作者认为科学态度的表现应该是什么，句是作者给这种表现的一个结论。因此，有两个地方需分译。译文:Lend wings to the imaginations while doing things in a down-to-earth manner-this is the style typical of scientific workers So let us explore the boundless universe in quest of never ending truth,即用同

20、位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分，用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。,如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。译：If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about,as Madam put it,“disastrous effects,”we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.(用前后逗号插入信息）,小结,总之，进行汉译英长句翻译时：应该先通览原文，再理清原文句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完毕后，应再次审读译文，检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否地道。,Thank you!,