《定性数据分析》PPT课件.ppt

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1、1,定性数据分析,2,什么是定性数据？,定性数据指研究中使用的文字资料，是由语言的词语、句子组成的材料。定性数据是现象的文字描述或表征形式。我们可以采用观察、访谈、有声思维、问卷等方式收集定性数据。任何文字材料都可以用作研究的定性数据，如小说、期刊文章、论文、演讲词、会话文字、作文等。,3,定性分析,定性分析是对定性数据进行分析，从个案中寻找模式、规律、规则，从个案中得出概括性结论，或者说做定性结论。定性分析是用个别案例的特征来概括全体同类案例的特征。因此，用比喻来说，定性分析是以一概全、以木见林。定性分析与下定性结论是人们日常生活中最最常见的现象。只是人们分析的是人们最熟悉、最普通的、最常见

2、的事物、人和现象。而且人们的结论用的往往是一些大众化语言而非专业语言。例如：现在学生的英语口语不行，阅读也不行。,4,概括的类型,概括可以是对类的概括，如学习策略类型、动机类型等的概括。概括可以是对规则的概括，如语法规则的概括。概括可以是对关系的概括，如一语与二语的关系。概括可以是对事物规律的概括，如翻译规律的概括。,5,如何做定性分析？,1.首先观察第一个案例。2.对第一个案例的目标特征做出概括。3.观察第二个案例，看从第一个案例得出的概括是否适合第二个案例。3.1）如果从第一个案例得出的概括适合第二个案例，观察第三个案例。3.2）如果从第一个案例得出的概括部分适合第二个案例，修改该概括，使

3、其能给概括第一和第二个案例。3.3）如果从第一个案例得出的概括完全不适合第二个案例，做出新的概括。4.依次观察其余案例，直到得出的所有概括可以涵盖所有个案。5.要注意每个概括出现的例外，而且要对例外的情况做出合理的解释。6.概括的语言一定要是专业化的语言。,6,二语中的复数使用(Gass&Selinker,2008),(3-1)There are also two desserts.(3-2)I bought a couple of towel.(3-3)So,when I like to park my car,there is no place to put it,and how many

4、 ticket I took.(3-4)There is many kind of way you make baklawa.(3-5)The streets run from east to west,the avenues from north to south.(3-6)I go to university four days a week.(3-7)Just a few month he will finish from his studies.(3-8)Egypt shares its boundaries with the Mediterranean.(3-9)There is a

5、 lot of mosquito.,7,二语中的复数使用(Gass&Selinker,2008),(3-10)Many people have ideas about Jeddah and other cities located in Saudi Arabia.(3-11)When he complete nine month.(3-12)He can spend 100 years here in America.(3-13)There are about one and half-million inhabitant inJeddah.(3-14)How many month or ye

6、ars have been in his mind?(3-15)There are many tentsand goats running around.(3-16)There are two mountains.(3-17)How many hour?(3-18)There are more than 200,000 telephone lines.(3-19)Every country had three or four kind of bread.,8,基于(3-1)的规则1,(3-1)There are also two deserts.Rule 1:When a noun is mo

7、dified by a plural numeral or a quantitative word,the plural marker s is added to that noun.Pattern ExamplePl.num./quan.w.+Ns two desertsRule 1 applies to:(3-6)four days(3-10)Many people(3-12)100 years(3-15)many tents(3-18)200,000 telephone lines,9,基于(3-2)的规则2,(3-2)I bought a couple of towel.Rule 2:

8、When a noun is modified by a quantitative phrase,no plural marker is added to that noun.Pattern ExampleQuan.phrase+N a couple of towelRule 2 applies to:(3-3)how many ticket(3-4)many kind of way(3-7)a few month(3-9)a lot of mosquito(3-13)one and half-million inhabitant(3-14)how many month(3-17)How ma

9、ny hour(3-19)three or four kind of bread,10,规则3,Add s to a noun which does not have any numerical or quantitative modifier if that noun carries a plural ideation,which means the noun has a plural concept in the speakers mind.SentencesExample(3-5)The streets/the avenues(3-8)its boundaries(3-10)ideas(3-14)years(3-15)goats,11,规则4,The noun in a lexical bundle does not require a plural mark s even it is modified by a numerical or quantitative word.SentenceExample(3-4)many kind of(3-13)one and half-million(3-19)three or four kind of,12,有关复数习得顺序的假设?,13,