修辞翻译.ppt
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1、修辞翻译,修辞学是由柏拉图的学生亚里士多德发展起来的。这时的修辞学更适合称为修辞术,是指演说的艺术。在亚里士多德著作修辞的艺术的第一句,他描述修辞为辩证法的相对物,即是说辩证方法是找寻真理的要素,修辞方法便用作交流真理。在中国古代,先秦就已经有了关于修辞的零星言论。例如庄子很重视寓言的效果;惠施十分重视比喻手法。两汉时期的学者曾激烈讨论诗经的基本修辞手法:赋、比、兴。宋朝陈骙的文则可视为第一部修辞学的专著。修辞学是语言学的一门学科,是研究在语言使用过程中,如何依据题旨情境,利用各种语言材料和多种语言手段来收到尽可能好的表达效果的一门科学。修辞学同逻辑学、心理学、社会学、美学、文艺学、历史学、民
2、俗学等都有联系。,辞格的翻译,明喻(simile):Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food suppliers are limited and some times difficult to reach because of deep snow.参考译文 脂肪储备如同银行账户里的存款,供冬天食物来源有限以及有时由于大雪深得难以获得时支取使用。,Every tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarf
3、rost,white and pure as snow,delicate and defined as carved ivory.参考译文 每棵树,每一根树枝都包上一层明亮、精美的白霜,像雪花般洁白和纯净,如象牙雕一般精致优美。Light as a breeze,soft as a cloud.as hard as nails(铁石心肠的),as thin as a lath(骨瘦如柴的),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗),as timid as a rabbit(胆小如鼠),雨后春笋(like mushrooms),暗喻(metaphor)Time is mon
4、ey All the world is a stage,and all the men and women merely players.(William Shakespeare)参考译文 整个世界是一座舞台,所有的男人和女人只不过是演员而已。,While we cannot close the gulf between us,we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.参考译文 尽管我们不能填平我们之间的鸿沟,我们却可以设法架一座桥,以便跨过这座桥来进行交谈。Money is a bottomless se
5、a,in which honor,conscience and truth may be drowned.(Kozlay)参考译文 金钱是无底的海洋,荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。Passion was to go to sleep in the presence of Mrs.General and blood was to change to milk and water.(Charles Dickens:Little Dorrit)参考译文 在詹勒洛夫人面前,一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁,热血也会变成掺水的牛奶。,drink like a fish.as cunning as a de
6、ad pig,借代(metonymy)Some books are to be tasted,others swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.(Francis Bacon)参考译文 书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则需咀嚼消化。Every life has its roses and thorns.参考译文 人生自有甘苦。,But you have not seen my Corots.They are in the music room.(Oscar Wilde)参考译文可是你还没有看见我收藏的科罗特的风景画,它们挂在我的音乐室里
7、。Young men are suggested to read Shakespeare.参考译文 年轻人应该去读一读莎士比亚。,And since Washingtons budget alchemy permits the current generation to spend whatever it wants on retiree income and health programs and pass the tab on to their children,who wants to pay more?Newsweek,April 13,1992 参考译文 既然美国政府所耍的预算法术容
8、许这一代在退休金和医疗计划方面随意花钱,而把账单推给他们的孩子来付,那谁还愿意多缴税?,夸张(hyperbole)We were tired to death on reaching the peak.参考译文 我们爬到山顶后,简直要累死了。Id give the world to see you.参考译文 我十分想见你。,I have told you forty times that if you touched that jam Id skin you.参考译文 你要是偷吃果酱,我就剥你的皮。我跟你已经讲过不下一百遍了。Marys two daughters are different
9、in their personalities in a thousand and one ways.参考译文 玛丽的两个女儿在性格上有天壤之别。,For she was beautiful-her beauty made the bright world dim,and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of shade.参考译文 因为她太漂亮了她的美使光灿的世界黯然失色,她身边的一切都像是瞬间而逝的烟云。(恰如其分地道出她的美)Its a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day.
10、参考译文 今天阳光明媚,躲在家中,实在是罪过。,When I heard the news,each hair on my head seemed to be standing on end.参考译文 当我听到那个消息时,头上的每根头发都好像倒竖了起来。,双关(pun)Seven days without water makes one week.参考译文 一个人一周七天不喝水会变得虚弱We must all hang together,or we shall hang separately。参考译文 我们必须团结在一起,否则我们将一个一个地被绞死。,My sister,Mrs.Joe Gar
11、gery,was more than twenty years older than I,and had established a great reputation with herself and the neighbors because she had brought me up by hand.Having at that time to find out for myself what the expression meant,and knowing her to have a hard and heavy hand,and to be much in the habit of l
12、aying it upon her husband as well as upon me,I supposed that Joe Gargery and I were both brought up by hand.(Charles Dickens,Great Expectations)参考译文 我的姐姐,也就是乔葛吉瑞大嫂,要比我大二十多岁。我是由她“一手”带大的;不光是她自己老爱拿这件事自赞自夸,连街坊邻居也都这样赞她。那时候,我怎么也弄不明白这“一手”两字究竟是什么意思,只知道她的手生来又粗又笨,动不动就要啪的一下落到她丈夫和我的身上,我就想:大概乔葛吉瑞和我两个都是她“一手”打大的吧。
13、(王科一 译),A:I cant bear a fool.B:Your mother could.参考译文 A:我不能忍受一个傻瓜。B:你母亲能。You will go nuts for the nuts you get in Nux.(坚果广告),委婉(euphemism)In his scale of values he places power and economics at the top of the list.Wait a minute,I want to pick a daisy.死亡”:“崩”或“驾崩”、“驾鹤归西”、“羽化飞天”、“圆寂”、“仙逝”、“涅槃”、“香消玉殒”、
14、“玉碎珠沉”等。“长眠了”、“停止呼吸”to pass away(离开),to go to sleep(长眠),to go to heaven(上西天),to be no more(不在了),to join the majority(加入了大多数),to go to glory expire(去了光荣的国度),corpse(跨了),depart(离开),kick the bucket(蹬腿),breathe ones last(停止了呼吸)。,拟人(personification)Then night,like some great loving mother,gently lays her
15、hand at our fevered head,and turns our little tear stained face up to hers,and smiles,and,though she does not speak,we know that she would say and lay our hot,flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone.参考译文夜像一个慈祥伟大的母亲,轻轻地把她的手放在我们发烫的额头上,把我们沾满泪水的小脸扭向她的面孔,微笑着,虽然她不说话,但我们知道她会说些什么。她把我们烧得发烫的面颊靠在她
16、的胸上,疼痛也就消失了。,The moon rose from behind the copse,nearly full and the two lights struggled till moonlight conquered,changing the color and quality of all the garden,stealing along the flagstones reaching their feet,climbing up,changing their faces.参考译文快要圆了的月亮从矮树丛后升起,月光和薄暮互相争辉,最后月光胜利了,它改变了整个花园的面貌和气氛,月
17、光偷偷地沿着石板路来到他们的脚旁,渐渐地往上爬,使他们的脸上起了变化。,The one in the brown suit gaped at her.Blue suit grinned,might even have winked.But big nose in the grey suit still stared and he had small angry eyes and did not even smile.参考译文 穿棕色衣服的人目瞪口呆地盯着她,蓝衣服笑着,甚至还使了个眼色。但是穿灰衣服的大鼻子仍然凝视着,他长着一双红肿的小眼睛,脸上没有笑容。,轭式(zeugma)轭式修饰法(ze
18、ugma),又称轭式搭配法,指的是用一个词(通常是动词、形容词或介词)同时修饰或支配两个或两个以上的名词,但其中只有一个是合乎逻辑的搭配句式。,1.一个动词支配两个名词(宾语)She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.参考译文 她为这个无家可归的孩子打开自己的家门,也打开了自己的心扉。He swallowed bread and butter and a spasm of emotion.参考译文 他吞下奶油面包,也咽下一阵激动。2.两个主语搭配一个动词 During the next year,a young widow an
19、d a fortune fell in love with him.参考译文 接下来的一年里,一位年轻的寡妇爱上他,一大笔财产也跟着爱上了他。,3.一个介词支配两个(或两个以上)宾语 She was seen washing clothes with happiness and Pears soap.参考译文 有人见到她在洗衣服,手拿皮尔斯肥皂,一脸的欢快。4.一个形容词同时修饰两个或两个以上名词 The room was not light,but his fingers were.参考译文 房间光线差,可他灵活的手指却不差。,The umpire lost his cap and his
20、cool.参考译文 裁判员丢了帽子,也丢了忍耐。She possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart.参考译文 她有两颗假牙和一颗同情心。,You devils ought to search our heads not our pocket.(Gorky:Mother)参考译文 你们这些魔鬼要搜就搜我们的脑袋,而不是搜我们的腰包。Miss Bolo rose from the table considerably agitated,and went straight home,in a flood of tears and a sedan
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