《大学综合英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、Unit 8 Coping with an Educational Problem,Background Information About the author:Benjamin SteinFableUCLAAdam Smiths The Wealth of NationsIwo Jima,Reading Activities Text AnalysisLanguage StudyLearning StrategyDiscussion QuestionsFurther DevelopmentWriting Quiz,Preview Questions,Do you think there a

2、re differences between American education and Chinese education?What are they?According to your ideas,what is the big problem in American education?One of the current trends in higher education is the move away from liberal,broad-based education to education that is vocational or job-oriented.What i

3、s your opinion of the general tendency?What do you think education can offer to human beings?Can you imagine how a man makes a living without education?,Background Information,Benjamin Stein Benjamin J.Stein was born November 25,1944 in Washington,D.C.He grew up in Silver Spring,Maryland which is lo

4、cated about 10 miles north of Washington D.C.,He graduated from Columbia University in 1966 with honors in economics,and in 1970 he graduated from Yale Law School where he was elected valedictorian of his class by his classmates.Stein has worked as a poverty lawyer and a trial lawyer in the field of

5、 trade regulation at the Federal Trade Commission.In 1973 and 1974,he was a speech writer and lawyer for Richard Nixon and then for Gerald Ford.,Stein has also been a columnist and writer for many news publications including The Wall Street Journal,Barrons,and The Washington Post among others.Stein

6、is also credited for having written and published over 16 books.Despite having a resume that boasts a gamut of lofty professions and part-time endeavors,Stein didnt achieve his official celebrity status until his part as the boring teacher in the 1986 movie Ferris Buellers Day Off.Since 1997 he has

7、been a popular fixture on cable tvs Comedy Central as the host of the game show Win Ben Steins Money.,His works:,Can America Survive(2004)Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings,9th Edition(1999)Building Technology:Mechanical and Electrical Systems,2nd Edition(1997)Yes,You Can Be A Success

8、ful,Income Investor:Reaching for Yield in Todays Market(2006)Yes,You Can Still Retire Comfortably!(2005)Yes,You Can Time the Market!(2004)How to Ruin Your Love Life(2003),Fable is a tale often featuring animal characters,told to illustrate a specific moral point,and it often ends with a proverb rein

9、forcing that point。The Elements of a Fable include animal characters with human qualities,setting and situation,problem,resolution and moral or lesson.,Now read the following Aesops fable to learn the features of fable,The Fox and the GoatIllustrated by Jeremy Hollister,By an unlucky chance a Fox fe

10、ll into a deep well from which he could not get out.A Goat passed shortly afterwards,and asked the Fox what he was doing down there.Oh,have you not heard?said the Fox;there is going to be a great drought,so I jumped down here in order to be sure to have water by me.Why dont you come down too?“,The G

11、oat thought well of this advice,and jumped down into the well.But the Fox immediately jumped on her back,and by putting his foot on her long horns managed to jump up to the edge of the well.Good-bye,friend,said the Fox.Remember next time.,Never trust the advice of a man in difficulties!,The Dove and

12、 the Ant,An Ant,going to a river to drink,fell in,and was carried along in the stream.A Dove pitied her condition,and threw into the river a small bough,by means of which the Ant gained the shore.The Ant afterward,seeing a man with a fowling-piece aiming at the Dove,stung him in the foot sharply,and

13、 made him miss his aim,and so saved the Doves life.Little friends may prove great friends.,UCLA,University of California at Los Angeles,the largest of the eight branches of the University of California.It was established in 1919 and how has about 35,000 students.UCLA is known for its film studies.,S

14、chool colors,UCLAs colors are blue and gold.Blue symbolizes the ocean,and local wildflowers.Yellow reflects the Golden State,the California poppy and sunsets.Of course,the shades have changed over the years.The blue,for example,has varied from powder to sky to royal.,Mascot,The grizzly bear was chos

15、en in 1925 as the official mascot for the Southern Branch of the University of California,as UCLA was known then.(Originally,UCLA students were“Cubs”a nod to the schools fledgling status that didnt sit well for long.),However,when UCLA entered the Pacific Coast Conference in 1929,fellow conference m

16、ember University of Montana already had the grizzly moniker.Meanwhile,UC Berkeley was using Bears and Bruins,and it was decided UCLA would take Bruins.,UCLAs earliest mascots were live bears.During the late 1930s,the animals entertained the home crowd at the football stadium.A variety of names were

17、given to the bears,but Joe Bruin is the one that stuck.In 1961,alumni presented UCLA with the first Josephine Bruin,a little Himalayan bear.,Costumed student mascots took over the job in the mid-1960s.Several students were selected to take turns playing Joe,who was joined in 1967 by a costumed Josep

18、hine or Josie,as she is often called.The costumes themselves have evolved over the years.The latest design was unveiled in 1996.,Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations,This Scottish economist was the most influential thinker in the history of capitalist economics,a fact that is all the more remarkable in

19、 that he was writing during the earliest phases of the industrial revolution.He is still cited as in support of arguments for an unregulated economy:the less government interferes with business the more prosperous the nation will be,runs this theory.,This remarkable book was published in 1776,at a t

20、ime when the power of free trade and competition as stimulants to innovation and progress was scarcely understood.Governments granted monopolies and gave subsidies to protect their own merchants,farmers and manufacturers against unfair competition.,Adam Smith railed against this restrictive,regulate

21、d,mercantilist system,and showed convincingly how the principles of free trade,competition,and choice would spur economic development,reduce poverty,and precipitate the social and moral improvement of humankind.To illustrate his concepts,he scoured the world for examples that remain just as vivid to

22、day:The Wealth of Nations changed our understanding of the economic world just as Newtons Principia changed our understanding of the physical world and Darwins Origin of Species.,Iwo Jima,Iwo Jima means Sulfur Island,an island of eight square miles of volcanic,treeless scrub.Dominated by 546-foot Mo

23、unt Suribachi,the island became the site of one of the bloodiest battles in World War II.Its strategic importance lay in its location halfway between Japan and the airfields of the B-29 Super Fortresses located on the Mariana Islands.Capture of Iwo Jima by the Americans would provide an emergency la

24、nding field for crippled bombers returning from their bombing raids on Japan and an advance base for the shorter-ranged escort fighters.,The Marines effort provided a vital link in the U.S.chain of bomber bases.By wars end,2,400 B-29 bombers carrying 27,000 crewman had made emergency landings on Iwo

25、 Jima.In this bloodiest battle of World War II,6,821 American Marines were killed and 18,000 wounded.Some 21,000 Japanese were killed.,Reading Activities,Text Analysis,No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.(para.6)The ability to perform even the simplest calculations

26、is only a memory among many students I see.(para.7)There is a chilling indifference about all this ignorance.(para.8)I have a humble suggestion:a movie,or TV series,dramatizing just how difficult it was for this country to get where it is-and how easily it could all be lost.(para.10),Americans have

27、long since stopped demanding good education for their children.(para.18)This is how we rose from the ashes after you defeated us in a war about a hundred years ago.(para.20)“A man without the proper use of the intellectual faculties of a man is,if possible,more contemptible than even a coward.”(para

28、.22),Language Study,run out of:use up or finish a supply of sth handful:a small number of eg.A handful of plums will do you good,a bellyful will do you in.(do sb in:毁掉)相似词汇：a sackful of sugar;an armful of books;two glassful of milk;a pocketful of money 相当多的钱 come down bucketful 倾盆大雨,modest adj.1.mod

29、erate eg.live in a modest house 住在普通房子里 He is modest in his requirement.他不过分要求。2.showing care,not say sth improper,or impure 谨慎的，有节制的，有礼的 eg.modest in dress,speech and behavior,be ignorant of:knowing little or nothing.eg.Im afraid Im rather ignorant of even the simplest fact.ignorance n.eg.The worke

30、rs were kept in complete ignorance of the companys financial situation.Compare“ignore”and“neglect”eg.My advice was completely ignored.Im late because I neglected to wind the clock.注：ignore指有意不理睬；neglect指重视不够而忽视,slice:part,share.eg.a slice of good luck;Smith took too large a slice of the credit for o

31、ur success.对于我们的成功，史密斯获得的称赞超过了他所做的贡献。sum up：1.give the total of 2.express briefly the chief points of what has been said eg.The judge summed up the evidence.3.form a judgment or opinion of eg.He summed up the situation.She quickly summed him up.她很快就对他的人品下结论。,compete with:try to be better than eg.1.A

32、 new dictionary must be very good if it is to compete with the many already in the market.2.Danny raised his eyes,interest competing with suspicion.丹尼举目看着，又感兴趣又怀疑。相关词汇：competition n.竞争 competitor n.竞争者 competence n.竞争力 competent adj.有能力的，有竞争力的 a lecturer competitive adj.竞争的，比赛的 sports,accumulate v.c

33、ollect or gather together,esp.over a period of time eg.1.He has accumulated a fortune against old age.2.By practicing,you may accumulate much experience in teaching.affect:v.1.have an influence or impression on;act on eg.The climate affected his health.2.move the feelings of He was much affected by

34、the sad news.effect:n.result,outcome,idle adj.lazy;not doing anything.eg.idle machines capital an idle fellow the idle rich Owing to the strike,a lot of factory workers were left idle.v.eg.Sometimes we are quite busy with our work,and sometimes we just idle away the days.drive sth home to sb:make st

35、h clear to be understood eg.drive a point/an argument home to sbbring sth home to sb:cause sb to realize fully eg.The stupidity of his behavior was brought to him.,humble:adj.(of thing)poor;mean eg.men of birth/a house/a ccupation(of person)low in rank or position bitter:unwelcome to the mind;hard t

36、o bear;causing sorrow eg.quarrels 厉害的争吵/words 怨言/enemies 死敌/reproaches 苛责 portable adj.light and small enough to be easily carried or movedsearch for：look for.奢侈的，豪华的，放纵的,luxury n.1.sth expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure(used as a countable noun)eg.impose taxation upon lux

37、uries 2.very great comfort,esp.among beautiful and expensive surrounding(used as uncountable noun)eg.He took over his fathers company and led a life of luxury.相关词汇:luxurious adj,better off:richer,more comfortablescared:become frightened eg.He was by the thunder./They were at the strange noise.Adequa

38、te:enough 刚巧够用的，足够所需的 eg.We have food for the trip.decline n.a gradual decrease in the quality,quantity,or importance of eg.The prices of these commodities are on the decline.vi.continue to become smaller,weaker or lower eg.After running a long distance,his strength slowly declined.vt.refuse politel

39、y eg.He declined my invitation to the party.,acquire:gain eg.honor compare“require”(要求)and“inquire”（询问）swear：make a serious promise about eg.The witness swore on the Bible to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth.,faculty n.1.mental and physical abilities;have a faculty of doing/for(doing)s

40、th/to do sth eg.Since childhood,the girl has had a faculty for music.2.department or grouping of related departments 系，学院 eg.The Faculty of Law 3.all the teachers,lecturers,professors in one of the departments eg.a faculty meeting,Learning StrategyDiscussion QuestionsFurther Development,Writing,Brai

41、nstorm a list of things that cause tension at university-dont worry about analyzing the causes,just get down as many things that can cause conflict or anxiety.After the students have gathered their list,share with others in the class.Identify the items that appear on the most lists and the items tha

42、t are the most important to address.Each person in the class should choose an item to focus on.After theyve chosen an item,write an essay to analyze the possible reasons which may lead to the students conflicts or anxiety.If possible,suggest the way to deal with the problem.,The students can use the

43、 following patterns:,Para.1 Sentence 1 the general problem Sentence 2 the specific problemPara.2 Sentence 3 the thesis Sentence 4 the cause I Sentence 5 the detail I Sentence 6 the detail II Sentence 7 the cause II Sentence 8 the detail I Sentence 9 the detail IIPara.3 Sentence 10 the conclusion,分析原

44、因的论说文常用到的句型：,In the last few/recent years,there has been a dramatic increase/a growing tendency in.According to a recent survey/study/research,in(year)the number/percentage of students doing has almost doubled/tripled/increased/jumped from%to.%/decreased/dropped by%compared with/as against last year

45、/ten years ago.A number of/several factors/causes might contribute to/lead to/account for the phenomenon/sudden rise/problem.,Part of the explanations for it/One of the most common factors/causes is that is also responsible for the problem.Another contributing factor/causes is The primary/fundamenta

46、l factor/causes is that.We might do more than identify the causes/factors;it is important to take action to The significance of is far-reaching;it might exert a profound influence on,Students can learn from the following sample:,Childrens Schoolbags are Getting Heavier These days we often hear our c

47、hildren groaning under the pressure of an ever-increasing burden of their studies.The schoolbags on their back are getting heavier and heavier,and the hours spent on their assignments longer and longer.Why cant their burden be relieved in spite of social protests?For one thing,parents have a strong

48、desire for the early intellectual achievement of their children.They believe that if you dont force them to read more,a golden opportunity for success will be lost and the chances of their being admitted to key schools,and then to colleges will be slim.So children are under constant pressure to scor

49、e high,test well,aim first.,For another,our teachers ally themselves with parents in applying pressure.Since scores are not only the mark of success or failure for a particular student,but also a measurement of a teachers performance,it is natural for a teacher to assign more homework for hi sown sa

50、ke as well as for his students.Failure to produce students who win first place in school academic examinations is often seen as evidence of bad teaching.To lighten childrens academic burden is not easy,but is worth trying,for after all parents and teachers dont want the heavy schoolbags to crush the