《医学英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、IMMUNOLOGY,Immunology,The term was coined by Russian biologistIlya Ilyich Mechnikovwho advanced studies on immunology and received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1908,lie Metchnikoff,c.1908,91班汪玖琳,Etymological root of immunology,The term immunization,originally derived from the Latin-word immunis w

2、as intended to mean exemption from charges and also implied protection from the epidemic.,The important lymphoid organs,The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow,and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen,tonsils,lymph vessels,lymph nodes,adenoids,and liver.,P

3、rimitive immunology orignated in China,blow the powder of smallpox scabs into peoples nose,Worlds First Vaccine,90班 王馨琪,In the 15th century,this vaccine was introduced to the Middle East.,intracutaneous injection,Mary Wotly Montagu introuduce it to Britain,NOT WIDELY ACCETED,EDWARD JENNER(1749-1823)

4、,1796The first smallpox vaccination,1880-Louis Pasteur created the bacillus anthracis attenuated vaccine and rabies vaccine1883-E.Metchnikoff discovered the phagocytosis of white blood cells1890-E.Vonbering discovered diphtheria antitoxiy1894-J.Bordet found complement1901-the term“immunology”first a

5、ppeared in 1916-first published,In the late 19th century,the development of microbiology laid a foundation for the formation of immunology,Since the mid-20th century of modern immunology,many new discoveries in immunology have challenged the traditional concept of immunology,Frank Macfarlane Burneti

6、n 1958,put forward the clone selection theory,Louis Pasteur,Science has no national boundaries,but scholars have their own country,90班 刁美娟,The main achievement,Negative microbes naturally occurThe germ of disease saysPasteurization（巴氏灭菌法）Rabies vaccine（狂犬病疫苗）Double crystal phenomenon,Pasteurization,

7、Rabies vaccine,Pasteur institute,Medical news,转移性肺癌免疫治疗Immunotherapy for metastatic liver cancerMetastatic lung cancer(转移性肺癌)Latest research findingsResearch significance,91班赵玉琳，刘兰,Metastatic lung cancer转移性肺癌,DefinitionTherapeutic methodimmunotherapy,Latest research findings,Doctor Mark RubinsteinNe

8、w treatment methodExperimental results of a new method of treatment,Research significance,Increase in life spanNew drugs need to be improved before they can be used clinically.,Job Burnout Know the Signs and Symptoms,Burnout is a state of physical,emotional and mental exhaustion that has long been e

9、xposed to demanding work environments.,by刘春香 王成春,The reason of being more prone to burnout,Lack a proper balance between work and life.Try to be everything to everyoneA monotonous jobWork in the helping professions,Some symptoms of burnout,Be more cynical,critical and sarcasticLose the ability to ex

10、perience joyBecome more irritable and less patientLack the energy to be consistently productiveBe troubled by headaches,neck pain or lower back pain,Identify the causes,Lack of controlUncleaer job expectationsDysfunctional workplace dynamicsMismatch in valuesPoor job fitExtrems of activity,Take action,Talk to your supervisor or mentorSee your doctor or a mental professionalConsider an alternative job,QUASTION,Who invented the first smallpox vaccination?Louis Pasteur discovery which kind of vaccine？,-Edward Jenner,-rabies vaccine,