《化合物命名》PPT课件.ppt

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1、化合物构词,华东理工大学化工学院,常见无机化合物名称,一、元素fluorinechlorinebromineiodineoxygenhydrogennitrogencarbonsiliconsulfurphosphorussodiumpotassiumcalciummagnesiumaluminummanganesezincironcopperleadcobaltnickelmercurycadmiumarsenicuraniumradium,二、二元化合物词尾ide化物chlorinechloridehydrogen chlorideoxygenoxidezinc oxidefluorine

2、fluoridehydrogen fluoridesulfursulfidesodium sulfideiodineiodidepotassium iodide三、无氧酸（水溶液呈酸性的二元化合物）hydrochloric acidhydrofluoric acidhydrobromic acid,四、含氧酸及其盐nitrogennitric acidnitratesulfursulfuric acidsulfatephosphorusphosphoric acidphosphateChlorinechloric acidchlorate词尾：(o)ic acid 酸ate由词尾为ic的酸所成

3、的盐类或酯类ide 化物五、氢氧化物sodium hydroxidealuminum hydroxide,Practice,Put the followings into Chinese:chromiumplatinumtitaniumsodium calciumpotassiumaluminummercurypalladiumleadcopperfluorinesiliconchlorinesulfurphosphorus cobaltnitrogenammonium chloridesilver nitratehydrochloric acidmagnesium hydroxidecalc

4、ium carbidehydrogen peroxidecarbon dioxidephosphorus pentoxidesodium hydroxidesodium carbonatenitric acidsulfuric acid,常用数目词头,1 mono-11 undaca-21 henicosa-2 di-12 dodeca-22 docosa-3 tri-13 trideca-23 tricosa-4 tetra-14 tetradeca-30 triconta-5 penta-15 petadeca-31 hentriaconta-6 hexa-16 hexadeca-40 t

5、etraconta-7 hepta-17 heptadeca-50 petaconta-8 octa-18 octadeca-60 hexaconta-9 nona-19 nonadeca-70 heptaconta-10 deca-20 eicosa-100 hecta-,有机化合物构词,一、分类名称及其词尾alkanes-anemethane alkenes-eneethylene alkynes-ynepropynebenzenes-benzenemethylbenzenealcohols-olbutanol ethers-etherdimethyl etheraldehydes-alm

6、ethanalketones-onepropanoneacids-(o)ic acidethanoic acideaters-atemethyl ethanoateanhydrides-ic anhydride maleic anhydrideamines-amineethanolamine,二、有机基团alkyl烷基aryl芳基hydroxyl羟基carboxyl羧基carbonyl羰基vinyl乙烯基acetyl乙酰基phenyl苯基amino氨基sulfo磺基nitro硝基chloro氯代fluoro氟代thio硫代-yl 基,链烃名称alkanealkenealkyne,methylm

7、ethaneethylethaneetheneethynepropylpropanepropenepropynebutylbutanebutenebutynepentylpentanepentenehexylhexanehexeneheptylheptaneoctyloctanenonylnonanedecyldecanedodecyl,IUPAC Name and Common Name,IUPACInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry国际理论与应用化学联合会Despite the existence of the IUPAC sy

8、stem,a great many well-established common or trivial names are used and,because of their brevity and convenience,will doubtless continue to be used.,IUPAC NameCommon Name,alkaneparaffincycloalkane cycloparaffincycloalkane naphthenealkeneolefinalkyne acetyleneetheneethylenepropenepropylenemethylbenze

9、netoluenedimethylbenzenexylenephenylethenestyrene,IUPAC NameCommon Name,methanolmethyl alcoholethanolethyl alcohol2-methyl-1-propanolisobutyl alcoholmethanalformaldehydeethanalacetaldehyde propanoneacetonemethanoic acidformic acidethanoic acidacetic acidoctadecanoic acidstearic acidamino ethaneethylamine,其它常用构词,n-正构的 n-butaneiso-异，同 iso-butanecycl(o)-环（合）cyclohexaneo-，ortho-邻（位）o-xylenep-，para-对（位）p-xylenem-，meta-间（位）m-xyleneper-过，高 peroxidecis-顺（式）cis-butenedioic acidtrans-反（式）trans-butenedioic acid,THANK YOU!,