非谓语动词222pptppt课件.ppt
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1、非谓语动词,1性质:它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即:除谓语以外的一切成分。,2形式,不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。,3语态:必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系,从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。逻辑主语能发出该动作(发)逻辑主语不能发出该动作(收)不发不收用结构:动词不定式:用独立结构。动名词:用复合结构。分词:用独立主格结构,不定式,1不定式作主语:Warm up
2、 exercises:1)change the following into the infinitive 1._(die)for people is a glorious thing.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.3._(help)others is our duty.4._(see)is to believe.5._(sit)at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.2)change the sentences above into the ones using“it”as
3、 form subject.,3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B:下列形容词作表语时,不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语,这些形容词是:(表评价性的,来说明逻辑主语的性质,特征,属性)kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughty etc.Its
4、 kind of you to think so much of us.Its unwise of him to leave home at once.It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others.Its wrong of the south to break away from the Union.,2不定式作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to TsingHua University.3.She seemed _(think)about the problem
5、.4.They appeared _(agree)with what we said.不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换,说明主语的内容。,3不定式作宾语:有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有:want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.,1.They wanted _(get)on the bus,d
6、idnt they?2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.4.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.,如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语,须用先行词 it作 form object,而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make He found it important to study Russian.
7、The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.,不定式一般不能作介词的宾语,只有在极少数介词如:but,except等后才行,此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.We have no choice but to wait outside.They could do nothing but ask for help.,4.不定式作宾语补足语 A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you
8、_(take)the job instead of Zhang.3.The school required/ordered all the classroom _(clean).4.My parents expect me _(go)to an ideal university.5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)before we returned.6.The doctor advised the patient _(take)two pills every four hours.7.He determined me_(tell)everything.,B)w
9、homflns sb do sth.watch,hear,observe,feel,listen(to),notice,see,make,let,have(使),etc.+sb.+动词原形+sth.+doneNotice:1.let+sth.+be done2.如果变成被动结构,就必须带to。,1.We cant let this _(go)on.2.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.3.John made him _(tell)everything.4.The two boys were sorry indeed to see hi
10、m _(go).5.We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.6.Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?7.Who would you like to have_(go)with?8.Who would you like to have _(play)the game?9.What song did you hear _(sing)?10.We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when
11、 we reached there.,5.不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives.1.He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning.2.Do you have anything that you want to say?3.Here are some books that you can read.4.He thought out a plan _(punish)Tom.5.He is always the last _(come)to office.6.Plea
12、se give me a knife _(cut)with.作定语的不定式如是不及物动词,不定式后面须有相应的介词。,6.不定式作状语 状语的形式很多,有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等,但目的、结果要用不定式。目的状语还可用 in order to 或so as to来表示结果状语还可用 soas to,suchas to,enough to,tooto,only to等结构来表示,A)Substitution:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early_ _
13、 _ catch the first bus.We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely.We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely.He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything.He was_ frightened _say anything.He was _ brave _ _say anything.He was so young that
14、he could not go to school.He was _ young _ go to school.He was not _ _ _ go to school.,B)1._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.2.He hurried to the station only _(find)the train left.不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作状语,用主动形式表被动意思。This question is difficult _(answer).Do you think him easy_(w
15、ork)with?We find this rule hard _(remember).,不定式中作结果状语的注意点:1)某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定,这类词是:anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was.2)在not,never,only,all,but的“tooto”结构中,“too”的含义为“very”,不定式没有否定含义。Im only too glad to stay at home.Its never too old to
16、learn.,不定式的时态与语态:1)一般式:不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时(或几乎同时)发生,或在它之后发生。I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.2)进行式:不定式表示的动作正在进行。Im very glad to be working with you.3)完成式:不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.The article is said to have been read by many people.,不定式作独立成分 To
17、 tell(you)the truth,he doesnt agree with you.To begin with,Beijing is a very beautiful city.,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what 等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语,宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is important.My question is when to start.,动名词,动名词1动名词作主语A)1._(die)for people is a glorious t
18、hing.2._(talk)with him is a great pleasure.3._(help)others is our duty.4._(see)is believing.5._(sit)at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.,It作形式主语时,可用动词不定式,但下列句型常用动名词:It is+no good(no use,fun,a waste of time)+doingThere is no+doing.如:1.Its no use _(sit)here waiting.2.There is no _
19、(say)what will happen next.3.Is it any good _(tell)him the truth?4.It is great fun _(play)golf.,不定式与动名词的区别:不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作:Its no good eating too much fat.Its not good for you to eat so much fat.,B)关于逻辑主语的问题 1._to the meeting surprised all of the boards.A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.M
20、ike comes D.Mikes coming 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules.A.you pretend B.you pretending C.your pretending D.your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.,2动名词作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)t
21、o TsingHua University.3.One of my bad habits is _(bite)nails(指甲).动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。,3动名词作宾语mecafps+doing(mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape consider,admit(承认),advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,face,practise,suggest,stop,delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understan
22、d,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,etc.以及介词后接动名词doing,1.He was in low spirits and even considered _(go)away.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(
23、bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.I couldnt imagine that _(be)possible.10.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.11.We cant
24、 stand _(pooh-pooh)every new idea.12.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.13.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.14.They all suggested _(give)more chances.15.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.16.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).17.Women d
25、o mind _(smoke)by men.,动名词与不定式的不同含义:1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 She was afraid _(wake)her husband up,for he had bad temper.She was afraid _(wake)her husband,for he was ill.,2)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事(已做)The light in the office is off.It was s
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