《体育专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、1,体育专业英语,王兆红 电话：邮箱：,2,科技论文的摘要,简明扼要，200字左右，无废话；用第三人称写，说明文章目的、方法、结果和结论，不应出现“本文”、“我们”、“作者”字眼，也不要有“首先”、“最后”、“简单”、“主要”和“次要”等修饰词；文摘可单独发表，应有独立性和自明性，不得使用文章中的章节号、图号和表号等；第一句不要重复文章篇名或已表述过的信息；不能写常识性内容、过去情况和未来的计划，只写最新进展。,3,关于英文摘要,4,英文摘要（Abstract),SCI、ISTP和EI等索引主要是根据英文题名和文摘选录文摘长度一般为100-200 words。内容要求与中文大体相同，主要讲目的

2、、过程、方法和结果。内容要精练，不要将结论译成英文作摘要。文章题目第一词切不可用冠词The，A，An和And（单位名称也不用The Institute）,5,英文摘要（Abstract),各大索引题名与文摘是连排的，所以文摘第一句话一定不要与文章题名重复。题名少用缩写词，必要时需在括号中注明全称，也尽量少用特殊字母和希腊字母，因摘要排版要快，尽量简单。,6,英文摘要（Abstract),叙述用第三人称（被动语态），不得用第一人称作主语。文摘尽量简单，不用长句，尽量用简单句：at a temperature of 250o C to 300o C at 250o C-300o C用事实开头，避免

3、用从句开头；用过去时叙述工作，用现在时态说明作者结论 The corresponding changes was detected The pointing accuracy is 0.1 arc-seconds.不宜使用口语省略式词 doesnt,shouldnt 等,7,英文摘要（Abstract),不用不常见的词汇，主语与动词应尽量靠近可用动词的情况不要用动词的名词形式，如“Thickness of plastic sheets was measured”“Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.”注意冠词用法，a 是泛指，t

4、he是专指“Pressure is a function of temperature.”“Pressure is a function of the temperature.”,8,英文摘要常见错误,1.大写错误 字母大写是英文中强行规定的一种程式化书写形式,是必须遵守的。英文摘要中出现的字母大写错误主要有以下几个方面。,9,英文摘要常见错误,1.1 摘要标题的大写 摘要标题中的第一个词的首字母和每个实词的首字母要大写,字母多的介词首字母也可大写,而不是标题中第一个词的首字母大写或所有词的首字母都大写。【误】Performance evaluation indicator system fo

5、r operation management of olympic venues based on balanced scorecard【正】Performance Evaluation Indicator System for Operation Management of Olympic Venues Based on Balanced Scorecard,10,英文摘要常见错误,1.2人名的大写 中国文字改革委员会于1974 年5月颁发,又于1976 年9月修订后重新发布了中国人名汉语拼音字母拼法。国务院于1978 年9月26 日颁发了国务院批转关于改用汉语拼音方案作为我国人名地名罗马字

6、母拼写法的统一规范的报告。根据这两个法规性文件,中国人名的英译形式应遵守以下三点要求：一是姓氏和名字分写,复姓连写；二是姓名的各个连写部分开头都要大写；三是姓名的音节调号在对外的文件书刊中可以省略。联合国秘书处干1979 年6月15日也颁发了联合国秘书处关于采用“汉语拼音”的通知。综上所述,中国人名的英译按照这些文件的要求拼写便是正确的。【误】Lu jia qi【正】Lu Jiaqi【误】wang er【正】Wang Er【误】Zhang Shao-li【正】Zhang Shaoli【误】Yuhong【正】Yu Hong【误】Chen PJ【正】Chen Peijie,11,英文摘要常见错误,

7、1.3 地名的大写 中国的地名名称英译形式也是采用汉语拼音并要连写,第一个字母大写。【误】Bei Jing【正】Beijing【误】Liao Ning【正】Liaoning1.4 关键词的大写“关键词”在英文中是key words，只要将 字母大写即可。关键词中的各词条如果不是专有名词或缩略词,不用大写。【误】Keywords:Physical document;Subscription;Disposition【正】Key words:physical document;subscription;disposition,12,英文摘要常见错误,1.5 句子的首字母大写 英语大写规则之一是每个句

8、子的首字母一定要大写,不是每一行的首字母要大写。【误】Abstract:image training is one of the important ways of mental strategic training in sport.Abstract不是一个句子的开头,只是一行的开头,所以不影响后面句子首字母大写。【正】Abstract:Image training is one of the important ways of mental strategic training in sport.【误】On the basic layer of college life,It invest

9、igated the achievement motivation level of PE institute undergraduate.On the basic layer of college life是一个句子的开头部分,所以以后句子的主语就不用再大写了。【正】On the basic layer of college life,it investigated the achievement motivation level of PE institute undergraduate.,13,英文摘要常见错误,2 用词错误 英文摘要中用词错误现象主要有两种,一种是词性不对,可以称作汉语

10、中的“错字”；另一种是词不达意,可称作汉语中的“别字”。2.1 由于词性不对而发生的“错字”错误 英语是字母文字,在词性方面有着严格的要求。十大词类各司其职,不得马虎,否则就要犯语法方面的错误,特别是在形容词和副词,名词和动词的使用上。【误】it is especial important to those injury and disease appeared in exercise【正】it is especially important to those injuries and diseases in exercise,14,英文摘要常见错误,2.2不能正确区分和使用近义词 英语词汇量

11、很大,其中同义词、近义词非常丰富。由于我们在学习英语时是以汉语为工具去学习,所以很难区别一些近义词的用法,特别是有些近义词的汉语释义一样,更使我们容易将一些词用错和表达不了使用者的真正意义。【误】If this kind of job has done well it will do good to cut down the distance of the exchange of resources in sports market【正】If this kind of job has done well it will do good to cutting down the distance

12、of the exchange of resources in sports market【误】then talk about the strategic condition of the agent of sports in the exploit of talent resources.【正】then talk about the strategic condition of the agent of sports in the exploitation of talent resources.,15,英文摘要常见错误,2.3由于没有掌握近义词的用法而发生的“别字”错误【误】We sugg

13、ested that teachers should translated the concept of teaching and【正】We suggested that teachers should change the concept of teaching and【误】The superficial Discuss of the Heroes Worship Influence on PE【正】The Brief Discussion of the Heroes Worship Influence on PE,16,英文摘要常见错误,2.4 由于没有注意用词搭配而产生的“别字”错误有些

14、作者所选用的词在词的汉语释义、词性及词的用法方面都正确,但仍然是“别字”,因这些词与其它词的搭配不符合习惯。【误】China table tennis team acquire profound lessons in the Busan Asian Games【正】China table tennis team learn profound lessons from the Busan Asian Games,17,英文摘要常见错误,3 时态错误 时态是表示句子谓语动词所发生的时间范畴,由于英文摘要的内容所涉及的时间取向有限,所以涉及到的时态也有限,这里主要谈一下在一般现在时的使用上发生的错误

15、。1）如果一个句子以“The paper”或“The article”开头,通常要用一般现在时,表示这篇文章的自然内容,不要用其他时态,尤其不要用一般过去时,因为一般过去时表示一个动作发生在过去某个时间,这样就与文章本身的内容不一致了。【误】This paper reviewed the characterization of NK cells and NK cells function during【正】This paper reviews the characterization of NK cells and NK cells function during,18,英文摘要常见错误,2）

16、如果一个句子表示作者在论文中做了些什么,并以“We”或“the writer”为主语,也要用一般现在时。【误】We suggested that teachers should change the concept of teaching【正】We suggest that teachers should change the concept of teaching 3）如果摘要中表示本研究的结论或发现是什么,也要用一般现在时,其句子的主语一般是“The results”,“The foundings”,“The conclusion”【误】The results indicated:long

17、 arm,big hands,narrow hip,broad soldiers,light weight were ideal body form.【正】The results indicate that long arm,big hands,narrow hip,broad soldiers,light weight are ideal body form.,19,Example,Performance Evaluation Indicator System for Operation Management of Olympic Venues Based on Balanced Score

18、card IntroductionIn consideration of absence of performance evaluation indicator system for operation management of Olympic venues,this study focused on establishing the performance evaluation indicator system.,20,Example,MethodOn-site inspection on the Weightlifting Gym of Beijing 2008 Olympic Game

19、s was conducted.Interview and questionnaire survey on administrators was employed to sum up the important performance evaluation indicators during operation management.A new indicator system for performance evaluation of gym was developed based on the balanced scorecard.This indicator system was mor

20、e balanced and comprehensive.Moreover,AHP method was employed to obtain the weight of indicators of dimension level and key performance indicators level.,21,Example,ResultsIn fully consideration of the operation perspective of Olympic venues,the indicator system was established which contain four di

21、mensions indicators,i.e.finance,customer,internal business process and study&innovation.This indicator system was composed by 13 key performance indicators,i.e.cost control,gain profit,invest management,staff training,customer satisfaction,quality of service,sports atmosphere creating,organization m

22、echanism,human resource management,quality of environment,degree of information,market competition and research development and 51 detail performance indicators.,22,Example,Discussion/ConclusionsOn the view of balanced scorecard,these indicators are able to represent the operation management objecti

23、ve and guide the operation planning.On the view of analysis results,finance dimension is paid most attention which weight ran as high as 0.396.In this dimension,gain profit is the most important.In the second place,the weight of customer dimension is 0.252.In this dimension,customer satisfaction is

24、the most important.In four dimensions,finance dimension is paid most attention while study&innovation is paid the least attention.Before Beijing 2008 Olympic Games,performance evaluation for operation management of Olympic venues have great significance to post-Games uses.This indicator system also

25、can be applied in performance evaluation for other Olympic venues.,23,Example,基于平衡计分卡的奥运场馆运营管理绩效评估指标体系研究目的 进行绩效评估最核心问题就是建立科学合理的评估指标体系，针对目前奥运场馆尚未建立绩效评估指标体系这一问题，旨在探讨奥运场馆运营管理的绩效评估指标。,24,Example,方法 以2008年北京奥运会举重馆为例，通过实地调研，了解到该体育馆尚未设立具体的绩效评估指标和建立绩效评估制度。通过对体育馆管理人员进行访谈和问卷调查，归纳出目前体育馆运营管理中重视的绩效评估指标。在此基础上运用平衡

26、计分卡构建更为均衡更为全面的绩效评估指标体系，进而采用AHP法确定所构建指标体系中的维度层以及关键绩效指标层指标的权重。,25,Example,结果 在充分考虑奥运场馆运营远景的前提下，构建了包含财务、客户、内部业务程序以及学习与创新四个维度的指标体系，包括成本控制、创造利润、投资管理、员工培训、客户满意度、服务质量、运动氛围营造、组织机制、人力资源管理、环境品质、信息化程度、市场竞争力、开展研究13个关键绩效指标以及51个具体绩效指标。,26,Example,结论 从平衡计分卡的观点来看，这些指标能够均衡的体现奥运场馆的运营管理目标，对以后的运营规划具有明确的指导作用。从AHP法的分析结果来

27、看，财务维度是目前体育馆绩效评估中最受重视的维度，其权重高达0.396，在此维度的关键绩效指标中，以创造利润最为重要；其次是客户维度，其权重为0.252，在此维度的关键绩效指标中，以客户满意度最为重要。从上述结果可以看出，目前的场馆管理最注重财务维度，而对学习与创新维度的重视严重不足。在2008年北京奥运会举行之前，对奥运场馆的运营管理进行绩效评估无疑将对奥运场馆的赛后利用具有积极的探索性意义。该指标体系也适用于其他奥运场馆的运营管理绩效评估。,27,Example,顾客忠诚度及其驱动因素:基于体育健身服务业的实证研究摘 要:基于顾客体育健身消费情感的视角,结合体育健身服务业的行业背景,从服务

28、质量、顾客价值、顾客满意、顾客忠诚4 个维度设计22 个封闭式问题对体育健身服务业顾客忠诚度的驱动因素进行测评。研究认为:体育健身服务业的顾客忠诚是多维度的,主要体现在推荐意向、购买意愿、价格容忍、抱怨行为四个方面;体育健身服务业的顾客忠诚程度主要表现在重复参与消费,而实现重复消费的前提是健身服务产品得到消费者的认可,使消费者对健身服务产品形成一定程度的偏好,消费者特征上的差异会影响顾客忠诚度的形成,服务质量、服务满意等对体育健身服务行业的忠诚度也产生相应的影响。,28,Example,The Driving Factors of Customer Loyalty Based on the E

29、mpirical Study of Physical Fitness ServicesAbstract:Based on emotional perspective of customers physical fitness consumption,combining the background of physical fitness services industry,from the service quality,customer value,customer satisfaction,and customer loyalty,this paper designs 22 closed-

30、end problem of physical fitness service customer loyalty for evaluating factors driving.The research result shows that physical fitness services of customer loyalty is multi-dimensional,mainly reflects in recommend intention and purchase intention,price tolerance,complain behavior,etc.,29,Example,Ph

31、ysical fitness services mainly manifested in the degree of customer loyalty,and realize repeat participate in consumer spending is the premise of repeated fitness service products get consumer recognition,make consumers of fitness services products developed to a certain degree of preference,consume

32、r feature differences influence on the formation of customer loyalty,service quality,service satisfaction of physical fitness service industry loyalty also produce corresponding impact.,30,英 译 汉,Asian GamesAsian Games is the biggest comprehensive sports competition in Asia.It is held once four years

33、 during the interval of Olympics period.Olympic Council of Asia is the deputy on Asian Games.The first Asian Games was held in 1951.From then on,15 times have been held.Asian Games had been accepted by IOC.,亚洲运动会是亚洲地区规模最大的综合性运动会，每四年一届，与奥利匹克运动会相间举行。亚洲奥利匹克理事会负责亚运会的事务。首届亚运会于1951年举行，到现在已经举办了十五届亚运会。亚洲运动会

34、已通过国际奥林匹克委员会的认可。,31,英 译 汉,The 16th Asian Games will be held on November 12th-27th,2010 in Guangzhou,China.About fourteen thousand athletes and officials came from forty-five countries and regions will participate in the Games.There are forty-two sports and four hundred and sixty-four events in the G

35、ames.Six new sports are introduced at the 16th Asian Games.They are Cricket,Dance Sport,Dragon Boat,Roller Sports,Weiqi and Xiangqi.,第16届亚运会将于2010年11月12日至27日在中国广州举行。届时，将有大约14000名来自45个国家和地区的运动员和体育官员参加本届亚运会。广州亚运会共设置42个竞赛项目、465个竞赛小项，有6个新项目首次进入亚运会，它们是板球、体育舞蹈、龙舟、轮滑、围棋和象棋。,32,英 译 汉,The vision of the 16the

36、 Asian Games,A“Thrilling Games,Harmonious Asia”,is a dream and a promise that the Games will uphold the spirit of the Olympics and the Asian Gamewhich is to promote unity,friendship and further exchanges between different countries and regions.,第16届亚运会的口号是“激情盛会，和谐亚洲”。它是一个梦想和承诺本届亚运会将弘扬奥利匹克和亚运会精神，在不同国

37、家和地区之间促进团结、增进友谊和加强友谊。,33,英 译 汉,The official emblem of the 16th Asian Games symbolizes that the burning flames of the Asian Games will never die out.It is a symbol of the host city,and express the best wishes of the Guangzhou people and the innovations of this big sporting event.,本届亚运会会徽象征着亚运圣火永远不会熄灭

38、，它是主办城市的象征，表达着广州人民最美好的愿望和举办盛会的创新精神。,34,英 译 汉,The official mascots of the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games are Le Yangyang and his four friends,A Xiang,A He,A Ru and A Yi,each represents their own character and style.Putting together,their names make the Chinese phrase,Xiang He Ru Yi.Le Yangyang,which mean

39、s peace,harmony and great happiness,with everything going as you wish.This fully expresses the people of Guangzhous hope that the 16th Asian Games bring luck,harmony,joy,success and great happiness to all the people of Asian.Today,Le Yangyang is extending a sincere invitation to all:Guangzhou Welcom

40、e You!,35,英 译 汉,2010年广州亚运会的吉祥物是乐洋洋和他的4个朋友祥祥、和和、如如和意意，他们分别代表着自己的内涵和形式。从整体上看，他们代表着中国的谚语祥和如意，乐洋洋，即代表和平、和谐、幸福和心想事成。它全面表达了广州人民希望第16届亚运会会给亚洲人民带来好运、和睦、欢乐、成功和幸福。如今，乐洋洋正在向亚洲人民发出美好的邀请：广州欢迎您！,36,英 译 汉,BasketballThe sport of basketball was invented by a Canadian-American teacher of physical education,James Nais

41、mith,in 1891.It was first played at the Olympics in 1904 as a demonstration sport in St.Louis.It became an official Olympic event at the Berlin Olympics of 1936.,篮球运动是由一位加拿大籍美国体育教师詹姆斯.奈史密斯于1891年创始的。1904年篮球作为表演项目，首次参加在圣路易斯举行的奥运会。1936年柏林奥运会它被列为正式的奥运会项目。,37,英 译 汉,Basketball is a court game played both

42、indoors and outdoors by two opposing teams of five players each.The ball is played by hands,the object of game is to score points by putting the ball through a net basket.A field goal counts for 2 points,or 3 points if it is thrown outside the 3-point line.A free throw is 1 point.,篮球是一项各由5人组成的比赛双方在球

43、场进行的球类运动，它既可以在室内也可以在室外进行。篮球运动是用手控制球，其目标是把球投入篮筐中得分。一次投篮得2分，如果从3分线以外投篮，可得3分，罚球算1分。,38,英 译 汉,Basketball requires speed,strength,balance,stamina,agility,flexibility and coordination.Individual ball handling skills are very important,as well as an ability to play as a member of a team.,篮球运动需要速度、力量、协调、耐力、

44、灵敏、柔韧和协同作战等能力。个人控球技术非常重要，但作为全队的一员与其他队员的合作也是很重要的。,39,英 译 汉,National Basketball Association(NBA)was found in 1946.During the past years,it has developed the greatest basketball association,and represents the highest level of professional play.The NBAs games include the regular season and the playoff.T

45、he regular season begins in the first week of November.After the NBA season concludes the playoff in April of the next year.A professional game consists of four quarters of twenty minutes each.,美国职业篮球联盟（全美篮球协会）成立于1946年，在其过去的发展历程中，它已经发展成为最强大的篮球组织，并代表着最高水平的职业赛事。NBA篮球比赛包括常规赛和季后赛。常规赛在11月的第一个星期开始。在第二年的四月

46、份常规赛季结束之后进行季后赛。职业篮球比赛进行4节，每节20分钟。,40,The Olympic Games 奥运会,Model Sentences常用句型,奥运会起源于希腊。,1.The Olympics started in Greece.,国际奥委会是奥运会的组织者。,2.The IOC organizes the Olympic Games.,很多国家争着申办奥运会。,3.Many countries bid to host the Olympic Games.,41,The Olympic Games 奥运会,北京是2008年奥运会的主办城市。,4.Beijing is the ho

47、st city for the 2008 Olympics.,这是中国首次主办奥运会。,5.Its the first time for China to host the Olympics.,国际奥委会每四年举办一次夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。,6.The IOC organizes the Summer and Winter Olympics every four years.,7.The US has hosted the Winrer Olympics the most times.,美国是主办冬季奥运会最多次的国家。,42,The Olympic Games 奥运会,Dialogues

48、实用会话,奥运会什么时候有的啊？公元前776年还是1896年？,A：When did the Olympics start,in 776 BC or 1896?,奥运会始于公元前776年，现代奥运会始于1896年。国际奥委会组办的是现代奥运会。,B：The Olympic Games started in 776 BC,but the morden Olympics,1896.The IOC organizes the morden Olympic Games.,43,The Olympic Games 奥运会,好多国家都争着申办奥运，主办城市是怎么选出来的？,A：A lot of count

49、ies bid to host the Olympics.How does it choose the host?,申请城市首先得满足基本条件，像大小、交通、安全什么的，还得有很好的宣传计划。然后国际奥委会会考察初选出来的城市，写考察报告，最后投票选出一个城市。,B：First the applicants have to meet the basic requirements like space,transportation,safety and so on.They shuole also have great promotion plans.Then the IOC will visi

50、t and write reports on the chosen cities.Finally the committee vote to choose one city.,44,The Olympic Games 奥运会,真不容易。这是中国第一次主办奥运会，我很自豪。,A：Its really not easy.Its the first time for China to host the Games.Im proud of that.,我也是啊。那你去北京看奥运吗？,B：Me too.Are you going to Beijing for the Olympics?,A：I wish