《企业经营》PPT课件.ppt

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1、企業經營隨時在改變,CEO CIO:IT 要隨著BP起舞擴展業務賺錢有效運用資源節省成本IBM 每年調查 Fortune 500s CEO 的IT需求去年500大企業已有50%被踢出矽谷傳奇的故事 Stanford University“Yahoo故事”M型社會的未來世界末日(聖經說的一條小船)M型平衡論(窮人打造富人的門面)資管系課程修正經驗新課程注入:院核心(生技)資安 RFID 程設能力教學評鑑:PDCA 教育成果週期太長是否適用?,時代隨時在改變資訊管理人員如何因應,不識盧山真面目,只緣身在此山中,HIS,SOA,有效率又確保安全醫療資訊管理系統,Enterprise architec

2、t(EA)企業資訊系統建築師,Enterprise Architects work with stakeholders,both leadership and subject matter experts,to build a holistic view of the organizations strategy,processes,information,and information technology assets.The role of the Enterprise Architect is to take this knowledge and ensure that the bus

3、iness and IT are in alignment.The enterprise architect links the business mission,strategy,and processes of an organization to its IT strategy,and documents this using multiple architectural models or views that show how the current and future needs of an organization will be met in an efficient,sus

4、tainable,agile,and adaptable manner.Enterprise architects operate across organizational and computing silos to drive common approaches and expose information assets and processes across the enterprise.Their goal is to deliver an architecture that supports the most efficient and secure IT environment

5、 meeting a companys business needs.,時代隨時在改變資訊管理人員如何因應,SOA Security by Ramarao Kanneganti&Prasad ChodavarapuSOA requires new approaches to securityFunctional and nonfunctional aspects of securityNew security approaches for SOASOA security implementation choicesProtecting confidentiality of messages u

6、sing encryptionPublic key infrastructureJCE and Apache XML securityCertificate authorities,As a CEO?,As a CEO,you want to innovate and raise the top line of your firm.You can do several things.For instance,you can increase sales by understanding customer needs better and creating self-service channe

7、ls that induce customers to buy more of your products.You can work with your partners better and make it easier for them to sell your products as part of their offerings.Or,you can make your offerings more compelling by bundling them with offerings from your partners.You can also reach out to new cu

8、stomers through targeted campaigns and venues.,CEO CIO/COO,As a CEO,you also want to reduce costs and boost the bottom line.Depending on your business,there are several ways you can approach this problem.Like most other CEOs,you can make it mandatory for your CIO and COO to outsource all non-core co

9、mpetencies and reduce IT and operational costs.To meet this mandate,your CIO can consolidate your firms application portfolio,outsource day-to-day IT operations and infrastructure management,pay for infrastructure more on a“per use”basis instead of spending a lot of money up-front buying and setting

10、 up infrastructure,and move more things out of applications into infrastructure.Similarly,your COO can outsource low value-added operations.,Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA),Service-Oriented Architecture,SOA 是一種架構面的方法論，用來產生鬆散耦合、互通的業務服務，這些服務可輕易地在企業內和跨企業間共享並重複利用,Silos of Frozen Enterprise Assets凍結的企

11、業 IT 資產,System A,System B,System C,衛生署,ERP,DB,ERP,DB,轉型到流體企業資產搭橋跨越人員、流程、應用，和系統間的鴻溝,健保局,System A,System B,System C,SOA makes IT flexible;flexible IT enables flexible business,TransformationBusiness Process OutsourcingMergers,Acquisitions&Divestitures,On Demand Operating Environment,Requires,Developme

12、nt,Infrastructure,Management,Services Oriented Architecture(SOA),Software Development,Integration,InfrastructureManagement,Flexible Business,Flexible IT,Enables,Flexible business requires flexible IT;flexible IT enables flexible business.,SOMA bridged Business and IT,Different elements,semantics and

13、 level of detail between business and IT are forcing them apart,Business,IT,business processes,KPIs,business goals,ROI,workflows,flows,components,interfaces,data,subsystems,objects,messages,flows,a service?A repeatable business task e.g.,check customer credit;open new account,What is.?,service orien

14、tation?A way of integrating your business as linked servicesand the outcomes that they bring,service oriented architecture(SOA)?An IT architectural style that supports service orientation,a composite application?A set of related&integrated services that support a business process built on an SOA,Wha

15、t are the barriers to business flexibility and reuse?,Lack of business process standardsArchitectural policy limitedPoint application buys to support redundant LOB needsInfrastructure built with no roadmap,ITs Architectural Evolution:Making IT More Responsive,As Patterns Have Evolved,So Has IBM,Poin

16、t-to-Point connection between applicationsSimple,basic connectivity,Messaging Backbone,EAI connects applications via a centralized hub Easier to manage larger number of connections,Enterprise Application Integration(EAI),Integration and choreography of services through an Enterprise Service Bus Flex

17、ible connections with well defined,standards-based interfaces,Service Orientated Integration,SOA builds flexibility on your current investments The next stage of integration,SOA Solution Stack A Layer View of Application,“Which services to expose?”Specify services in the Service Model and dependenci

18、es between services,Service Modeling,consumers,business processesprocess choreography,servicesatomic and composite,service components,operational systems,Service Consumer,Service Provider,JService,Portlet,WSRP,B2B,Other,OOApplication,CustomApplication,PackagedApplication,Define flows of services,Def

19、ine service components,轉型至服務導向,BusinessLogic,Legacy,ERP,CRM,Finance,BusinessLogic,BusinessLogic,BusinessLogic,BusinessLogic,Legacy,ERP,CRM,Finance,BusinessLogic,BusinessLogic,BusinessLogic,New Business Processes,Business Services,應用和 IT 資產的壁壘,服務導向的應用和資產,業務功能深埋在應用壁壘之中，每個壁壘各自需要透過專屬的介面提供服務,業務功能以標準化的業務服

20、務型態提供出來 服務可共享並重複利用,SOA:典範轉移,Common problems,All of these strategies face several common problems during execution.Your enterprise relies on a large number of applications,each developed in a different silo,assuming particular business models.Every time you want to change your firms business model ei

21、ther to innovate or to cut costs the assumptions built into your firms IT applications get in your way and impede your efforts.To add to your woes,every time you try to open up your firm to partners and customers,technology differences between your IT applications and those of your partners/customer

22、s get in the way.To rectify this situation,enterprises are now turning to a new IT architectural approach called Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA).SOA suggests new ways of thinking about how IT systems are designed,used,managed,and combined.,服務導向的醫療業,傳統的 HIS 是應用功能導向HL7 V3 開始定義服務訊息與資訊標準(SOA4HL7)IHE

23、定義醫療流程元件和流程以業務服務的形式存在HIS的子系統之內以ESB(企業服務匯流排)，BPM，以及 Data Service Platform來組合應用,SOA 參考架構,Security Services,Patient Care Process,Enterprise Service Bus,EPR,Patient Admin,Supply Management,CIS,MAS,CRM,PACS,Portal,Web/Mobile,ETL,Data Warehouse,OperationalDataStore,DataMart,DataMart,DataMart,BI/Reports,服務

24、匯流排管理AquaLogic Service Bus,資料服務AquaLogic Data Services Platform,Portal 層WLP/ALUI,流程層 AquaLogic BPM,服務登錄AquaLogic Service Registry,應用系統連結BEA Adapters,異質資料源,SOA4HL7 計畫(由 HL7 v3 SOA SIG 執行),許多組織機構已開始採用 SOA 來作內部整合兩種概念的觀點(皆合理)SOA-based:建立一個一般的 SOA 架構(常見的基礎設施、工具、與應用)“HL7 只是另一種的內容模式”。實施一般的 SOA 架構HL7 Messag

25、ing:實施 HL7 根據傳訊的通訊架構，可能使用不同的傳訊和傳送方法，包括網路服務一個趨勢傾向於導致出 HL7 應該定義內容。另一個趨勢則傾向於 HL7 定義整體,Source:Alan Honey,HL7 Services Oriented Architecture SIG,SOA4HL7 Overview,服務與 SOA,澄清服務與 SOA 之間的關係服務不是僅僅是一種同步的請求-回覆 SOA 涵蓋了非同步與同步，兩者皆包含在其中。SOA不是僅 Web services 或只是一種技術在流程方面，方法與行為比技術更重要。然而，許多的史無前例的IT組織間的合作，提供了一個普遍和廣泛的技術標

26、準。SOA不是僅是一時之 流行 SOA 是 IT 產業自然進步或演變的一部分。我們今天所使用的特定技術，將繼續演變。它集合了多年來所演化出的最佳實作的大成。,Source:Alan Honey,HL7 Services Oriented Architecture SIG,SOA4HL7 Overview,SOA and HL7 Messaging,HL7 WS Profile很有幫助，使 HL7 訊息能利用 SOAP 來傳遞不提供一種真正的 SOA 解決方法，而是使用某些網路服務協議來傳遞訊息。此方法專注在訊息的開發 SOA 為一種典範變遷例如:採用動態流程合奏，服務組裝，和以 policy

27、為基礎的中介動作 SOA 和 Messaging 各有其地位，不是二選一 選擇採用 SOA 或 Messaging(即傳統 HL7 做法)，基本上與資料語義無關，不過顆粒大小可能稍有差別 許多廠商已經在積極從事 SOA 產品研發和顧問服務 應用可能是或不是“HL7 application”，也就是說，是否符合整個 HL7 的堆疊，有可能只是格式與 RIM 相容，或可轉換成 RIM,創新醫療資訊的傳遞,以一個SOA的平台處理Beaumont的流程，資料，員工與商業夥伴並建建立出 BEA WebLogic Server整合入口網站l透過後端應用連線至醫院資訊系統,機會：減少等待時間且改進病人照護挑

28、戰：紙本病例，多種各自獨立、無法透通的應用系統，缺乏單一的應用模式，導致對患者的病歷記錄有多重不一致的 views,Opportunities&Challenges,對即時病患資訊的一致看法大大改進了與一般醫生，臨床工作者和患者的聯繫通訊立即可使用的檢驗結果改進了電子病例整合的速度與對病患照護的準確性,Solution Powered by BEA,Results,由於整合之案例使用BEA WebLogic Platform 8.1，這個新的醫療系統相較於使用傳統開發工具的方式，增加了50%的銷售速度Tony Kenny，IT 專案管理師，Beaumont醫院,Customer Viewpoi

29、nt,BEA WebLogic Integration,Services/Web Platform for SOABEA WebLogic Workshop,醫師,GP Query Service,PatientID Service,EHR,Portal,護士,臨床工作者,管理者,社工,Beaumont Hospital,SOA lowers long-standing barriers,SOA seeks to solve several issues that come with an application-centric view of IT.The basic principles

30、it enunciates toward this end are:Applications must open up their capabilities for use by other existing/new applications.It must be possible to combine the services offered by different applications to create higher-level services or composite applications.Technology differences must not matter and

31、 interoperability must be a key goal.Open standards must be adopted to enable integration across enterprises.Orchestration of business processes across multiple suppliers,partners,and customers must be possible.Attention must be paid to governance and manageability in order to make sure that flexibi

32、lity granted by the first three principles does not lead to chaos.In other words,SOA insists that traditional barriers to reuse must be lowered.,Reusable Idea of a service(1/2),Traditionally,applications are designed mainly for use by people.Any provisioning for use of one applications capabilities

33、by another is often an afterthought,and is usually not backed up by standards.When enterprises need to bring together the capabilities of two or more applications to meet their changing needs,the approaches traditionally used were mostly ad hoc.No one consistent approach was followed.Figure 1.1 depi

34、cts this scenario.,Figure 1.1 In a typical enterprise,applications are built for end users and the mechanisms for applications to interact with each other are ad hoc:database,RPC,files,and so on.,Reusable Idea of a service(2/2),The problem with this approach is that it becomes extremely time-consumi

35、ng and costly to reuse one applications functionality from another.This limitation severely impacts the ability to combine capabilities of different applications into a new application that may be needed to meet changing business needs.SOA solves this problem by looking at IT systems as collections

36、of units called services,and not as collections of applications.A service is functionality encapsulated in a form that is readily consumable by other applications and services.,What qualifies as a service?(1/2),Services,if defined correctly,possess desirable attributes that come in handy in overcomi

37、ng the drawbacks of organizing IT along application boundaries.Some of these attributes are as follows:A service is defined at the right level of granularity,from the point of view of a service consumer.In other words,convenience of the consumer drives the service definition.A service is self-descri

38、bing.Potential consumers can learn by themselves how to invoke the service.Service descriptions should include service interface,wire format,transport,location,policies,and SLAs(service level agreements).A service is technology-agnostic.Potential consumers are not constrained from using the service

39、because of a mismatch in hardware or software platforms.In other words,an ideal service“interoperates”with every possible consumer.,What qualifies as a service?(2/2),A service is discoverable.Consumers looking for a service can discover its presence,usually by looking up a service registry(la 按.的方式、

40、風格 the yellow pages in a phone directory).A service can be composed with other services to create a higher-level service.In fact,often several“technical services”are composed into“business services.”A service is context-independent.That is,it is usable irrespective of what the caller did before invo

41、king the service.A service is stateless,making it easy for service providers and service consumers to create and consume services,respectively.Figure 1.2 shows the state of SOA implementations in enterprises today.,Figure 1.2 Instead of ad hoc mechanisms for reuse,in SOA,applications provide service

42、s for other applications.Some applications may be only consumers.Services are brought together and managed by an ESB,Lowering of barriers forces us to rethink security(1/3),Barriers may be good for security,but they get in the way of business.That does not mean security can be compromised to meet th

43、e business goals;we just have to find smarter ways to secure our applications.Traditional security approaches assumed and took advantage of barriers.Since SOA lowers barriers,we must rethink the security approaches.Figure 1.3 shows the traditional application security architecture.An application man

44、ages its own security and relies on secure channels to protect data it exchanges with client applications.,Figure 1.3 A single server application may have several independent functionalities to offer to the clients,but has only one security module.All the security decisions are taken by the applicat

45、ion only and are centralized,1.Functionality,2.Security,3.Interoperability,Lowering of barriers forces us to rethink security(2/3),Whats wrong with this picture?The answer is nothing!At least in the context of the traditional application-centric view,this kind of security works well.Before seeing wh

46、at aspect of this security breaks in SOA,we can observe that there are two implicit assumptions being made here.The server application is assumed to know what the appropriate security model is.By security model,we mean who makes the decisions regarding security,and when and how.The server applicatio

47、n is assumed to be trustworthy enough to see all the data,including any sensitive data that the client is sending.Now,let us consider an application that is composed of services from multiple applications,as shown in figure 1.4.,Figure 1.4 Here are three server applications,including one from a part

48、ner.The client applications can make use of services from any of these applications.Naturally,no single application controls or has a complete view of the security model,Lowering of barriers forces us to rethink security(3/3),Let us see how the server applications in figure 1.4 differ from the serve

49、r application in figure 1.3.Thanks to SOA,the functionality within an application can be easily recombined with functionality in other apps to create composite applications(such as composite application 1 in figure 1.4).Some of these composite applications(such as composite application 2in figure 1.

50、4)may even combine services in an enterprise with services of partners.In addition,services of an enterprise may be invoked directly(like the way client application 3 invokes service 2b)or by partner applications(like the way a partner service p2 in figure 1.4 invokes service 2b).It is difficult for