《介词用法》PPT课件.ppt

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1、,介词,preposition(prep.),什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,1.Look at me.()2.He goes to school by bike.()3.He is interested in drawing.()4.The book is on the desk.(),代词,名词,动名词,介词:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。,名词,代词,名词,动名词,关系,介词preposition缩写prep.，又叫前置词，表示其后的名词或代词（或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词，不能单独在句中作成分。,介词的含

2、义,介词的主要分类：,1.at the cinema,in the hospital _2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _4.by the way,at last,in the end _,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,时间介词的用法：,at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等,at five oclock（五点）at dawn（黎明）at daybreak（天亮）at sunrise（日出）at sunset（日落）at noon（中午）at midnight（半夜）at the be

3、ginning of the month（月初）at that time（那时）at that moment（那会儿）at this time of day（在一天的这个时候）,in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等,in 2006（2006年）in May，2004（2004年五月）in the morning（早晨/上午），in the afternoon（下午），in the evening（晚上），in the night（夜晚），in the daytime（白天），in the 21st century（21世纪）in three days（weeks/mon

4、th）三天（周/个月）in a week（一周）in spring（春季）,on后常接某日，星期几或某周日的朝夕，节日,及有修饰语修饰的下午、晚上等。,on Sunday（星期日）on a warm morning in April（四月的一个温暖的上午）on a December night（12月的一个夜晚）on that afternoon（那天下午）on the following night（下一个晚上）on Christmas afternoon（圣诞节下午）on October 1，1949（1949年10月1日）on New Years Day（新年）on New Years

5、Eve（除夕）on the morning of the 15th（15日的早上）Whats the date today?今天几号？What day is it today?今天星期几？,before,after,for表示时间的介词,After 在之后After three months,he achieved the goal.Before 在之前Before he goes to bed,he washes his face.For 在一段时间内He lives here for a long time.,常用介词用法归纳与辨析 第一部分 时间介词,表示时间 at,in,on的区别1

6、The train leaves _ 6:00pm,so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest.A.at;until B.for;after C.at;by D.before;around2 The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A.from;at B.of;in C.of;on D.for;during3 The railway was opened _ traffic _ April 4,1985.A.to;on B.to;in C.by;on D.for;on at表示时间点(在几点,中午

7、;午夜;夜里;某日期）如：at sunrise;at weekend;at Christmas;on 表示在具体的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上及星期等 如：on Monday morning,on Christmas day;in 表示某较长时间内.后接月,年,季,周等表一段时间的名词.如：in April;in the 1990s;in the morning;,C,C,A,在圣诞节当天,在圣诞节期间,表示“在一段时间之后”时，用于将来时，用于过去时。（注意：若after+时间点，可用于各种时态）,in+时间段,after+时间段,1 His father will be back fro

8、m London _ a few days.2 We finished the work _ three months.A.in B.after,A,B,表示“延续的一段时间”时,用 或，常与完成时连用。,2-How long has this bookshop been in business?-_ 1984.A.After B.In C.For D.Since,1 The touch they had both kept in _ many years broke.A.for B.on C.into D.with,D,A,for+时间段,since+过去的时间点,during+时间段，表示

9、“”如：during his illness during her childhood They taught there during 20082010.by+时间点，表示“”The train leaves at 6:00 pm.So I have to be at the station 5:40 at the latest.A.after B.in C.by D.about,表示“直到”或“直到才”,用，注意：till多用于口语，且不用于句首及强调句。It was not until he told me the news that I knew I had passed the ex

10、am.,在期间,到.为止,till/until+时间点,C,Lucy,Lily,Mary,Sunny,Kitty,between,next to,Tommy,in front of,behind,词汇大阅兵-让我们先来把耳朵和眼睛唤醒,on the right,on the left,A,B,C,on,under,between,D,near,behind,E,in front of,F,One,Two,in the front of,地点介词in,at,on above,below,over,under,among,between的用法及区别,(1)in,at与on的用法及区别in表示地点，

11、意为“在内”，用于内部。There isnt a cloud in the sky.天空中没有一片云。He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放入口袋。Whats in the box?盒子里有什么？,on意为“在上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。Whats on the table?桌子上有什么？There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯。,表示“在某地”时，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。at home在家 at the bus stop在汽车站 in China在中国 in the world在世界上,(3)ov

12、er与under的用法及区别,over的意思是“在之上”，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有只船。,表示上下位置的介词,beneth,over,under,above,below,on,(5)beside与near的用法及区别,beside表示“近旁”“紧靠”，相当于next to/by。如：Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。near意为“在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如：He sits near the wi

13、ndow.他坐在窗户附近。,(6)in front of与in the front of的用法及区别,in front of表示“在之前”。表示在某一空间外部的前面，in the front of 表示在某一空间内部的前面。如：There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前有一些树。Dont sit in the front of the car.不要坐在小汽车的前部。,The man is _the car.,在(外部的)前面,in front of,The girl is _ the car.,in the front of,在(内部的

14、)前面,The boy is _(在树上),in the tree,on the tree,There is a red apple_(在树上),树上长出来的东西,用 on,不属于树本身的东西,用 in,in 和on,0ff,fall/jump off the tree,in the tree,on the tree,指从物体空间内穿过.,go through the forest,go through or go across？,The policeman is helping the old man _ the street,go across,从物体表面穿过,go through or

15、go across？,Michaels neighborhood,FifthAve,Pine Street,Supermarket,House,Hotel,go(straight)along,Michaels neighborhood,FifthAve,Pine Street,Supermarket,House,Hotel,Turn right,Michaels neighborhood,FifthAve,Pine Street,Supermarket,House,Hotel,Turn left,常用介词用法归纳与辨析 第二部分 地点方位介词,表示地点时 at,in,on 的区别1 My un

16、cle lives _ 116 Changhe Street.His room is _ the sixth floor.A.at;on B.to;at C.on;in D.of;toNotes:at 表示在较小的地方(村庄,小城镇,门牌);在某物旁(不确定的地方)in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市);在某物范围 内.(地点 的排列顺序是由小到大）.on 表示在某物上(表面接触);road 前用on；street前用in/on;floor前用on;farm前用on；field前用in；hotel前用in,A,表示两地相对位置时 to,in,on 的区别,1)Taiwan lies _the s

17、outhwest of China.()2)Guangxi lies _the west of Guangdong.()3)Japan lies _the east of China.()4）The island lies the coast of China.(表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方),in,on,to,在中国范围内,两地有接壤,两地无接壤,off,表示运动方向或目的的介词 1 _ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A.Through;to;on B.Across;of;on C.Along;

18、to;at D.Over;of;by 2 Early _ the morning of May 1,we started off _ the mountain village.A.in;for B.in;to C.on;/D.on;for through 表示在物体里面“穿过”,或纵穿过.across 表示“穿过”物体表面,或“横过”.along 表示沿着一条线平行.over 在物体的上方“越过”to 表示动作的目的地;towards指朝向,无到达的意思;for表示前往的目的,连用的动词有leave,start off,set out,head,sail 等.,A,D,方式介词：with,by

19、,in的用法及区别,with,by,in表示工具、手段和材料时，with多指用工具，用身体的某一部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。You can see it with your own eyes.你可以亲自去看看。Why dont we go there by car instead?我们为什么不坐小汽车去呢？She can speak it in English.她能用英语说。,方式介词,1.write with a pen,cut with a knife _2.see with our eyes,do with our hands,smell

20、with our noses,eat with our mouths _3.in English,in French,in your own words,in three language,使用工具用介词 with,使用器官用介词 with,使用语言用介词 in,4.in a loud voice,in a low voice _5.in this way,in these ways,by this means _6.by bike,by bus,by train,by plane,by ship,by car(on foot)_,使用声音用介词 in,使用方法用介词 in 或 by,使用交通

21、工具用 by,但：on the bike,on the bus,on the train,on the plane,on the ship,in the car,7.in a red coat,the girl in yellow,the boy in white _9.lie in bed,after a while,in the sun(),表示穿衣服用 in,固定搭配,常用介词用法归纳与辨析 第三部分方式、手段、工具等介词,1.方式介词 之 in的用法,1.We talk in English._,(使)用某种语言,用汉语:in Chinese,2.You can solve this

22、problem in this way._,in this way,用这种方式,in different ways,用不同的方式,用的方式,3.My sister is in red.The woman in a yellow dress is my mother._,in+服装,颜色 表示,穿什么颜色的衣服,用日语:in Japanese,3.With the money,they built some schools in the poor area._,2、,with 的用法,“使用”的意思,1.We see with our eyes and hear with ourears._,使

23、用人体器官做某事,2.Chinese usually eat with chopsticks._,使用某一工具,使用(利用)某材料(金钱等),3、,by 的用法,We go to school by bike/bus/car/ship/plane _,by常接,表示通过某种方式做某事.,I talk with my friends by sending e-mail._,通过某种手段或方式,注意:步行是 _.在表达”乘”时,还可用介词on/in.,on foot,by bus=,on a/the bus,by bike=,on a/the/ones bike,by plane=,on a/th

24、e plane,by car=,in a/the/ones car,交通工具,of具有的性质 The cap of the pen 笔帽,(1)of,fromof 属于的，表示.的数量或种类It was beginning of the term.这是学期开始 from:来自(某地，某人)，以.起始 come from来自于=be from Fromto从到She is a lady from Canada.,其他介词,(2)with带有 without没有 The man with(without)an umbrella She often worked for twenty-four wi

25、thout rest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。,其他介词,第五部分 固定搭配,1.到达 arrive _/_a place 2.找出 find _3.与-相处 get on _ 4.害怕 be afraid _ sth.5.放弃 give _ 6.对-愤怒 be angry _ sb.7.上交 hand _ 8.忙于某事 be busy _ sth.9.为-做准备 be ready _ 10.装满 be full _11.对-有好处 be good _ 12.对-感兴趣 be interested _,in,at,with,up,in,for,for,out,of,with,with,of

26、,in,头脑大风暴,13.对感到满意 be pleased _ be satisfied _14.缺席 be absent_15.因为.而著名 be famous _16.以.而著名 be famous _17.在.的帮助下 _the help of18.对.某人友好/友善 be friendly _ sb 19.和某人友好相处 be friendly _ sb20.目前 _present21.处于危险中 _danger,with,with,from,for,as,with,with,to,at,in,Do you remember them?,在岁时 _ the age of 有时 _ ti

27、mes 开始,在起初 _ the beginning of 此刻 _ the moment=now 在结尾,在尽头_ the end of 例如 _ example 匆忙地 _ a hurry 到的时候 _ the time 从到 _ 在户外,在野外 _ the open air,at,at,at,at,at,for,in,by,from,to,in,相邻，靠近 next _ 将来 _ the future 由于,幸亏 thanks _ 过了一会儿 _ a while 在地球上 _ earth 遍及 all_ 下课/放学/下班后 _ class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日

28、 _ duty 独立,单独 all _ oneself 令(某人)惊讶 _ ones surprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,over,比一比，哪组好：,在下列情况下，时间状语前不用介词：,1.当时间状语是today,tonight,yesterday,the day before yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening,tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时。She went to the park yesterday.Ill be fre

29、e tomorrow morning.2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等的时间状语不用介词。We are going to play basketball this afternoon.I saw him in the street last Sunday.My mother gets up early every morning.We are working on the farm these days.,A:I was born _ Childrens Day.,C:I was born _ June,1994.,in,on,练习

30、,B:I was born _the morning of September 1st,1993.,on,1.在广州 _ Guangzhou 2.在电影院 _ the cinema3.在农场上 _ the farm4.在旅馆 _ the hotel,in,at,in,on,on,5.树上的苹果 apples _ the tree,6.树上的小鸟 birds _ the tree,in,单项选择1.His father is very angry_ him _his study.A.at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to2.Paper is made _w

31、ood.A.from B.of C.by D.in3.The basket is full_ apples.A.with B.of C.in D.by,B,A,B,4.Kate cant come.Lets ask wei Hua instead_her.A.of B.for C.to D.with5.The heavy rain stopped me_ getting to school on time.A.to B.from C.on D.for,A,B,6.Li Lidas parents are very proud _ their son.A.to B.in C.for D.of7.

32、The fox looked up_ a cock sitting the tree.A.to，in B.at,in C.for，on D.at，on8.Please wait_ the bus stop near my home.A.for B.at C.next D.in front,D,B,B,9.When the red light is on,its dangerous to go the street.A.across B.through C.cross D.to,A,用适当的介词填空1.We usually have lunch_ noon.2.Lin Tao was born_

33、 February 18th.3.Ann sits_ my right,_ Kates left.She sits_us.4.My father is leaving_ Suzhou tomorrow.,at,on,on,on,between,for,5.They went_ the gate and entered the garden.6.We can do all things _our hands.7._the end of the last cap，he caught up _the others.8.Last month he worked_ a teacher _three we

34、eks.,through,with,At,with,as,for,1._weekends,I often go _ movies _ my friends,Mike.2.What events do you have _ your school?3.I stay _ home and look _ pictures _ Beijing Opera?4._ a word,I can learn a lot _ Chinese history.5.I usually go _school _ seven oclock.6.He listens _ music _ TV _ the morning.,介词总动员-句子填介词,On,to,with,at,at,at,of,In,about,to,at,to,on,in,