TheOriginofLanguage语言学.ppt

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1、The Origin of Language,Class 4 Group 4Vicky Eric Sofia Evelyn Tiffany Jacky Silvia Tammy,OUT LINE,Lead inThe origin of languageIdealistic theory(唯心主义学说)Materialistic theory(唯物主义学说)Labor evolution theoryFour stages of the theory,1.What makes the origin so hard to find？,The origin of language in the h

2、uman species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.In spite of this,there is no consensus on the ultimate origin or age of human language.One problem makes the topic difficult to study:the lack of direct evidence.,Part1：Lead in,2.TWO different points of view,Theories abou

3、t the origin of language differ in regard to their basic assumptions about what language is.Language is so complex that it cannot simply appearing from nothing in its final form.These theories can be called continuity-based theories.Language is so unique that it must have appeared suddenly in the tr

4、ansition from pre-hominids to early man.These theories can be called discontinuity-based.Similarly,theories based on Chomskys generative view of language see language mostly as an innate faculty that is largely genetically encoded,whereas functionalist theories see it as a system that is largely cul

5、tural,learned through social interaction.,Part1：Lead in,Cratylus(柏拉图克拉底鲁篇)This article is about Platos dialogue with the Athenian philosopher Cratylus.In the dialogue,Socrates is asked by two men,Cratylus and Hermogenes,to tell them whether names are conventional or natural,that is,whether language

6、is a system of arbitrary signs or whether words have an intrinsic relation to the things they signify.任意的符号系统或是字与事物间有着有意味的内在关系认为世界万物的名称是由各司其职的神定的。,Idealistic theory,Part2：The origin of language,Idealistic theory,2.The Gods saying,Part2：The origin of language,Old testament genesis:The God created eve

7、ry field,and every fowl of the air;and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them,and whatever Adam called them,that was their name thereof.”,旧约创世纪：上帝用地上的泥土造出了各种动物和飞鸟,把它们带到亚当那里看他怎么称呼它们。无论亚当怎么称呼每个生物,它们就如此得名。,Part2：The origin of language,Different languages？“And the whole earth was of one lan

8、guage,and of one speech.”“And they said one to another.Go to,let us make brick,and burn them throughly.And they had brick for stone,and slime had theyf for morter.”“And they said,Go to,let us build us a city and a tower,whose top reach unto heaven;and let make us a name,least we scattered abroad upo

9、n the face of the whole earth.”,Part2：The origin of language,Part2：The origin of language,The God said:“let us go down,and confound their language,so they can not understand each other.”起初人类的语言只有一种,大家共用。通过这种语言,人们团结起来烧制砖石,建造了城市和直插云霄的高塔,就是上帝也惧怕了人类这团结一致的力量。不得已,只好让人们分散到世界各地,说着不同的语言,使他们不能团结起来共同建造人类自己的家园。

10、,你好 hello boujour,Part2：The origin of language,Materialist theory,Labor evolution theory,Part2：The origin of language,Labor decide the necessity and possibility of the origin of language.,Part2：The origin of language,Four stages of the origin,Part2：The origin of language,Fore-language stage,Ramapith

11、ecus(腊玛古猿)Ramapithecus had already began to walk upright,and used natural tool frequently.with the dramatic changes of the environment,Ramapithecus must change their lifestyle,they lived from the tree to the ground in search of food.As a result of new methods of hunting for food,they developed a lot

12、.,Part2：The origin of language,The human language capacity was also very weak at that time,they sent out ambiguous shouts or continuous sound.When they hunted for food or worked together,they often shouted to each other like animals.,Part2：The origin of language,Embryonic stage,Australopithecus(南方古猿

13、)In the period of Australopithecus,they invented the man-made tools,marking the immature thinking stage to the mature stage of thought.Due to the use of tools,they could get many kinds of food,and chewed different tough,hard food,which exercised the functions of their mouths and tongue.This caused t

14、he changes of sounds,producing some syllables.,Part2：The origin of language,Immature language stage,Sinanthropus pekinensis(北京猿人)At this stage,as the further improvement of tools,Sinanthropus could also use fire,and their brain capacity has developed.Segmented words started to appear in great quanti

15、ties,and they could communicate with each other by gestures and simple words.,Part2：The origin of language,The mature stage,homo sapiens(智人)Pronunciation organ has evolved well,people can be able to speak out complex syllables,words and sentences.,Part2：The origin of language,Reference,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language#Origin,Thank you,