Poka-Yoke防错法.ppt
《Poka-Yoke防错法.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Poka-Yoke防错法.ppt(42页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、1,Poka-Yoke防错法,2,内容简介,基本概念防错措施防错举例,3,一.基本概念,4,背景介绍,5,背景介绍,Poka-yoke 发音为“poh-kah yoh-kay”译为避免 yokeru由于疏忽造成的错误poka,英语同义Mistake-proof,中文译为波卡纠偏,Poka-Yoke:一种改进工具,技术和过程的方法,可以在错误变成缺陷前防止或检测它安排订单的事例是提高订单输入从传统方式转向其它方式的一个透视窗口。出现疑问的订单再次被核对,经常发现输入差错或由于错误信息而导致的购买差错。生产的事例是沿着装配线集装箱上的一套光电池部件,以防止进入下一阶段时缺少零件,6,7,Shige
2、o Shingo 的3种形式的检验,判断检验 发现缺陷(不是最希望的-缺陷发生很长时间后的质量检验)通知检验 降低缺陷(对从过程中得出的事实和数据,加以控制)三种类:统计质量控制体系连续检验体系自检体系源头检验 去除缺陷(产品产出以前)两类:垂直源头检验水平源头检验,好的办法是将生产和检验同时进行,有效的poka-yoke设备建立生产/检验的体系,以减少检验时间和成本,使之趋于零,8,Increase profitability by eliminating inadvertent mistakes消除无谓的错误可增加利润率Increase productivity by reducing w
3、asted time减少浪费的时间可提高生产力Improve customer satisfaction and quality by eliminating escapes消除逃脱可提高客户满意度和质量 Increase reliability by continuously improving products,services or processes不断改进产品、服务或程序可提高信誉,Benefits of Mistake-Proofing防错措施的益处,9,They are not the same thing!Mistakes Cause Defects他们是不同的!错误导致缺陷,
4、Mistakes vs.Defects 错误vs 缺陷,Mistake错误,Defect缺陷,Pumping diesel fuel into your gas tank.将柴油加入汽油箱,Running a red light撞红灯,Forgetting to unplug your iron.忘记拔掉电熨斗的插头,Placing the“original”in your copier feeder“face down”.将原件放进了复印机的进纸处并正面冲下,or,10,Misunderstanding requirements 误解了要求Skipping a process step or
5、 tasks漏掉了一个工作步骤Performing process steps incorrectly or in the wrong order未正确地或以错误地顺序执行程序步骤Contamination污染,Most Common Mistakes最常见的错误,Leaving out a part or a piece of information漏掉了一个零件或一条信息Adjustment and measurement mistakes调节和测量错误Timing mistakes定时错误Using the wrong part,tool or information使用了错误的零件、工
6、具或信息,11,二.防错措施,12,Mistake-Proofing is a way of using wisdom and ingenuity to create devices that ensure a task is always done correctly防错措施是指运用智慧和独创性发展出一个能确保任务总是能正确完成的设备的方法,Mistake-Proofing防错措施,It removes uncertainty from the situations where errors are most likely to occur,such as:它去除了最可能发生错误的情形中的不
7、确定性例如:Repetitive tasks 重复性的任务 Complex instructions 复杂的说明书 Calculations/Adjustments 计算/调节 Look-alike parts 相似的零件,13,1-10-100 Rule,1-10-100 规则说明了一个产品或服务在它的生产流程中前进时改正一个错误的成本将会十倍增加活动 成本 正确操作程序$1在生产时检测到错误$10客户检测到错误$100不满意的客户还会和其他的客户分享经验的成本,$1000,14,Why do we do Mistake Proofing?为什么我们要采用防错措施?,To prevent t
8、urnbacks and customer escapes from recurring,since the cost to fix a problem increases rapidly the later it is found:为防止缺陷和客户逃脱情况再次发生,因为问题发现得越晚所花的费用就会迅速增加:,If a defect occurs here如果在这儿发生过失,If its found here,如果在这儿被发现,it costs:就要花费:,Rework,repair,scrap and escapes cost UTC$148 million per year.Warrant
9、y expenses cost us another$600 million per year.The cost of lost customer loyalty due to escapes is immeasurable返工、修理、废弃和逃脱每年要花掉UTC1.48亿,保修费用每年花掉我们另外6亿,由于逃脱而丧失了客户的信任的损失则不可计算,15,Mistake-Proof 防错措施-the Design 设计Redesign the product重新设计产品 Eliminate the mistake condition消除犯错误的条件Redesign for symmetry or
10、asymmetry重新进行对称或不对称设计Change the materials改变材料Change component type,characteristics or supplier改变组件的类型、特征或供应商,2 Approaches to Mistake Proofing预防错误的2个途径,Mistake-Proof 防错措施-the Process 制造过程Change or add tooling改变或增添工具Change process steps改变加工步骤Add use of checklists,templates or gages增加使用清单、模板或测量仪Impleme
11、nt control charts执行控制图表,16,Process Description:Making a pot of coffee程序描述:泡一壶咖啡,Example of Mistake-Proofing the Design防错措施范例-设计,Before Improvement:改进前:Water needed to be measured for each pot of coffee often resulting in coffee that was too weak or too strong泡前每壶咖啡的水量都要测量常常导致咖啡过淡或过浓,17,Process Descr
12、iption:Making a pot of coffee程序描述:泡一壶咖啡,Example of Mistake-Proofing the Design防错措施范例-设计,After Improvement:改进后:Coffee maker was redesigned to measure and add the precise amount of water from a water bottle重新设计咖啡机以使每次从水瓶中加入的水的量都一样多,18,Process Description:A label is pasted into a recess in a molded cha
13、ssis程序描述:将标签贴在底盘的凹槽内,Example of Mistake-Proofing the Design防错措施范例-设计,Before Improvement:改进前:The recess and the label were both rectangular.The label could be glued in upside-down.凹槽和标签都是长方形。标签可能会贴反。,After Improvement:改进后:A notch was made in the corner of the label,and in the recess of the chassis.In
14、correct mounting is completely eliminated.在标签和凹槽的一角做一个切口。就能完全防止错误发生。,19,Example of Mistake-Proofing the Design防错措施范例-设计,Process Description:Install slides into a slide projector程序描述:将幻灯片装入幻灯机中,Before Improvement:改进前:Are some slides upside down?有一些幻灯片装反了吗?,After Improvement:改进后:Top edge of each slide
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Poka Yoke 防错法
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-5444202.html