MRSA感染的抗菌治疗.ppt
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1、2023/7/7,1,MRSA感染的抗菌治疗,2023/7/7,2,McDonald LC.Clin Infect Dis.2006;42:S65-S71.,Penicillinase-producing S aureus,0,25,50,75,100,1940,1960,1980,2000,Year,Resistant isolates(%),Methicillin-resistant S aureus,0,25,50,75,100,1940,1960,1980,2000,Year,Resistant isolates(%),Progression of resistant Staphylo
2、coccus aureus,A similar trend in the increase in nosocomial infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant S aureus isolates can be observed in community-acquired infections,2023/7/7,3,Emergence of resistant pathogens,Increase in nosocomial S aureus bacteremia predominantly due to the increase in MRSA
3、 in the UK,Wyllie D,et al.BMJ.2006;333:281-284.,Cohort study in Oxfordshire,UK;MSSA=methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureusa Per 100,000 admissions;b P.2.,Year,400,500,300,200,150,100,50,1997,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,1998,Cases of,S aureus,Bacteremia*,Year,400,500,300,150,100,50,1997,1999,2
4、000,2001,2002,2003,2004,1998,Cases of,S aureus,Bacteremiaa,All Nosocomial S aureus Bacteremia,b,Year,400,500,300,200,150,100,50,1997,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,1998,Cases of,S aureus,Bacteremia*,Year,400,500,300,200,150,100,50,1997,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,1998,Cases of,S aureus,Bacteremiaa,
5、MSSAMRSA,c,b,2023/7/7,4,4,2023/7/7,5,HA-MRSA StrainsHigh local prevalenceHistory of MRSA infection or colonizationClose contact with infected individualExtended hospitalizationResident of nursing home or long-term-care facilityInvasive devicesDialysisCatheterizationEnteral feedingRecent antibiotic u
6、se,Risk factors for infection with MRSA,CA-MRSA StrainsHigh local prevalenceHistory of MRSA infection or colonizationClose contact with infected individualCrowded and/or unsanitary conditionsPrisonMilitary campDepressed immune systemParticipation in contact sportsSharing athletic equipment/towelsInt
7、ravenous drug abuse,1.MRSA Infection.MayoC 2007.Availabe at:2.Graffunder EM,Venezia RA.J Antimicrob Chemother.2002;49:999-1005.3.Safdar N,Maki DG.Ann Intern Med.2002;136:834-844.4.Moran GJ,et al.N Engl J Med.2006;355:666-74.,2023/7/7,6,2023/7/7,7,MRSA感染的危害,MRSA感染可能增加死亡风险1增加患病率2,3延长住院时间2,3增加住院费用1,2,4
8、,1.Rubin RJ,et al.Emerg Infect Dis.1999;5:9-17.2.Carbon C.J Antimicrob Chemother.1999;44(suppl A):31-36.3.The Brooklyn Antibiotic Resistance Task Force.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2002;23:106-108.4.Abramson MA et al.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.1999;20:408-411.5.Cosgrove SE et al.Clin Infect Dis.
9、2003;36:53-59.,死亡率相关性比较5:MRSA vs MSSA,比值比,研究,MSSA:methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus,2023/7/7,8,8,2023/7/7,9,9,2023/7/7,10,10,2023/7/7,11,11,2023/7/7,12,12,2023/7/7,13,VAP致病菌与经验性抗生素治疗错误的比例,铜绿假单胞菌,MRSA,不动杆菌属,Kollef MH Clinical Inf Diseases 31 Suppl 4:131-8,Sept 2000,2023/7/7,14,肺炎(包括VAP)需要覆盖
10、MRSA的考虑,流感、糖尿病、颅脑外伤、肾衰、昏迷并发肺炎已接受长疗程SCs,FQs 治疗已接受多种抗GNB治疗不效所在社区流行MRSA吸毒者MV7d气管插管患者下呼吸道分泌物涂片见GPC,2023/7/7,15,近30余年来,MRSA不断增加,万古霉素成为治疗MRSA的代表性药物。虽然80出现另一种糖肽类药物替考拉宁,但万古霉素似乎仍是治疗MRSA的主流品种。而且随着制剂进一步纯化,从“Mississippi Mud”到很高纯度的白色粉末,消除了耳毒性。除非与AMG联合使用,肾毒性很少出现。万古霉素经历的辉煌:抗MRSA的经典药物!,2023/7/7,16,随着MRSA 的增加,激起抗MRS
11、A药物开发的高潮,超过对抗GNB药物的开发。部分药物已经上市。万古霉素的广泛应用,特别是治疗“艰难梭杆菌肠炎”(抗生素相关腹泻)口服万古霉素的过多使用,出现VRE并呈不断增加趋势。日本1996年发现、1997年报道第一例万古霉素中介耐药的MRSA以来,MRSA对万古霉素的耐药成为世界热点和焦点。,2023/7/7,17,CLSI关于万古霉素敏感性折点,2023/7/7,18,Figure:Population analysis profile of vancomycin-resisitant Staphylococcus aureus(VRSA),vancomycin-intermediate
12、 S.aureus(VISA),heteroresistant VISA(hVISA),and vacomycin-susceptible S.aureus(VSSA)strains.,2023/7/7,19,Implications of decreasing susceptibility to vancomycin,Gradual reductions in vancomycin susceptibility in S aureus1,2Vancomycin-intermediate S aureus(VISA)strains have emergedTreatment failure i
13、n MRSA bacteremia may occur within the susceptible vancomycin MIC range2,1.Wang G,et al.J Clin Microbiol.2006;44:3883-3886.2.Sakoulas G,et al.J Clin Microbiol.2004;42:2398-2402.,CLSI MIC breakpoints:2 mg/mLSusceptible4-8 mg/mLIntermediate 16 mg/mL Resistant,CLSI=Clinical and Laboratory Standards Ins
14、titute.,2023/7/7,20,SENTRY药敏监测(19982003):金葡菌,CID 2006;42(S1):S13-S24,2023/7/7,21,Vancomycin MIC,0.5g/mlZone diameter,17mm,Vancomycin MIC,2g/mlZone diameter,17mm,Vancomycin MIC,8g/mlZone diameter,17mm,Figure:Inability disk diffusion to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced s
15、usceptibillity to vancomycin.,2023/7/7,22,hVISA临床意义不能肯定,目前被广泛引用的Charles等关于hVISA菌血症的研究,hVISA MRSA,治疗失效 5/5(100%)1/48(2.1%)菌血症持续(d)39 6.4万古血清低谷浓度比例 5/5(100%)11/36(31%),低谷浓度:菌血症发病用万古治疗最初7天间谷浓度10g/mL,CID 2004;38:448-451,2023/7/7,23,存 疑,回顾性研究hVISA感染菌血症持续时间较对照组长过3周,而整个研究12个月仅分离5株hVISA,未交代这5株HVISA是否由于菌血症很长
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- MRSA 感染 抗菌 治疗
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