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1、范例欣赏,Of Studies,Studies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.,读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。,For expert men
2、 can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.,练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。,To spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament is affectation;to m
3、ake judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.,读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。,They perfect nature,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be
4、bounded in by experience.,读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天下生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。,Crafty men condemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that there is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by observation.,有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书
5、并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。,Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.,读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细想。,Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested,that is,some
6、 books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.,书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。,Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them by others;but that would be only i
7、n the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are like common distilled waters,flashy things.,书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味矣。,Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。,And therefore,if a man wr
8、ite little,he had need have a great memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning,to seem to know that he doth not.,因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。,Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philoso
9、phy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in mores.,读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。,Nay,there is no stand or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies;like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.,人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之
10、书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。,Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like.,滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类,So if a mans wit be wandering,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations,if his wit be called away
11、 never so little,he must begin again.,如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;,If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the Schoolmen;for they are cyminisectores.,如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;,If he be not apt to beat over matters,and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate ano
12、ther,let him study the lawyers cases.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.(Francis Bacon),如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。(弗兰西斯培根著,王佐良译),Notes:,(1)Abeunt studia:(Latin)studies pass into the character 凡有所学,皆成性格(2)cyminisectores:(Latin)hair-spliters 过分讲究细节的人,【译者简介】,王佐良(191
13、61995),浙江上虞人。1935年 考入北平清华大学外文系,抗战爆发后,随校迁往云南昆明,即西南联大。1939年1946年 西南联大毕业,留校任助教、教员、讲师。1944年7月1945年8月 兼任军委会国际宣传处昆明办事处主任。1946年秋回北平,任清华大学讲师。1947年秋考取庚款公费留学,入英国牛津大学,为摩登学院研究生,从师英国文艺复兴学者威尔逊教授。1949年9月放弃去法国留学机会,回到北平。分配到北京外国语学院任教,1950年-,1951年9月任中宣部毛泽东选集英译委员会委员,参加选集14卷的英译工作。1958年英译曹禺名剧雷雨出版。1959年6月1966年任北京外国语学院英语系代
14、主任、主任、院务委员会委员。1979年在中国社会科学院外国文学研究所兼任研究员。1980年1984年9月任北京外国语学院副院长、院学位委员回主任、国务院学位委员会委员。他与许国璋、吴景荣曾被誉为新中国的“三大英语权威”,为新中国英语教育和英语翻译做出了杰出的贡献.王佐良在翻译方面的最初尝试开始于1940年在西南联大任助教期间。那时工作很繁重,生活又困难,常常要排队买米,他却仍然能坚持看书、翻译。早期译作有爱尔兰著名作家乔伊斯的短篇小说集都柏林人,曾托人带到桂林准备出版,,却遇上日寇飞机轰机,手稿化为灰烬。后来仅整理出一篇伊芙林,1947年载于天津大公报的文学副刊上。此间他开始学术论着的写作,其
15、中,诗人与批评家艾略特一文,曾分章节载于大公报和益世报上,开创了国内研究英国著名诗人艾略特之先河。王佐良在文学翻译方面不仅拥有丰富的实践经验,而且在翻译理论方面也颇有建树。他的翻译主张,比较集中地反映在他的翻译、思考与试笔、论新开端;文学与翻译研究集、论诗的翻译等专著和许多论文中。他特别注重使包括翻译作品在内的各种作品面向读者,一再强调“一部作品要靠读者来最后完成”。他谦虚地把自己的译作称为“试笔”,说“翻译者是一个永恒的学生”。,他认为,翻译的理论不能永远停留在只是津津乐道于前人总结的信、达、雅三个字上,而应有能力地顺译,必要时直译,任何好译作总是顺译和直译的结合;二、一切照原作,“雅俗如之,深浅如之,口气如之,文体如之。”在诗歌翻译方面,他更有独到的见解。他提出,不论是翻译外国诗歌或中国诗歌,不仅要在音韵和节奏等形式因素上接近原作,而且应忠实原作的风格和“传达原诗的新鲜和气势”。他还特别强调,翻译中应注意处理好全文和细节之间的关系,并谈了自己的体会:“如果译者掌握了整个作品的意境、气氛和效果,他有时会发现某些细节并不直接促成总的效果,他就根据所译语言的特点作必要的变通,这样就取得了一种新的自由,使他能振奋精神,,敢于创新,他将感到文学翻译不是机械乏味的事,而是一种创造性的努力。王佐良正是以这种创造性的努力完成了许多优秀的翻译作品的。他最经典的译作要数培根的论读书。,
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