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1、英汉互译,English-Chinese Translation,教学目的要求教学重点难点作业与考核教学方法及手段,教学目的要求,英汉翻译 理论+实践 理论水平+实践能力,2.教学重点难点,1.对英汉双语特点的认识;2.对英汉翻译技巧的认识与利用;3.对英汉文化、思维的了解;,3.作业与考核,认真独立完成课后作业部分作业批改并登记成绩期末为闭卷,题源来自课堂内容和课后练习期末总评:平时30%,期末70%平时30%中:考勤10%,课堂表现10%,作业10%,1.Mobile phone must be powered off or in silent mode.2.Any talk unrela
2、ted to class is not allowed.3.Homework must be finished on time.4.Anybody who will be given a leave of absence is required to show the note(假条).5.Take notes carefully in classes,Class Requirements,4.教学方法及手段,1.小组讨论2.学生陈述3.教师讲评,第一章,翻译概论(翻译的定义、简史和翻译的标准),翻译的定义 Definition,张培基英汉翻译教程绪论:翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思
3、维内容正确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。,翻译的定义Definition,美国现代翻译家、语言学会主席尤金奈达(Eugene A Nida)1968:Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.,简史(Brief History),受社会经济、文化、政治等因素影响,我国翻译史上出现
4、了以下四个发展高潮:,第一次,隋唐:佛经翻译玄奘从唐太宗贞观十九年(645)五月至唐高宗麟德元年(664)正月的约20年的时间里,共译大小乘经典75部1335卷。,从玄奘所翻译的经典和西域记中对旧译地名人名的大量批评来看,玄奘的译文变化巨大,风格突出。近代以来中外学者对照残存梵文经卷对玄奘译经进行了很多研究,一致认为玄奘是伟大杰出的翻译家。季羡林说:“他的译风,既非直译,也非意译,而是融会直意自创新风。在中国翻译史上达到了一个新的高峰,开辟了一个新的时代。”,第二次,明朝后期至鸦片战争时期:以基督、科技、哲学、文学等翻译为主,徐光启(数学、天文学等科技翻译)与利玛窦合译 几何原本严复:天演论(
5、Evolution and Ethics)、国富论(The Weath of Nations)(政治、哲学、社会学翻译),林纾(文学翻译),马建忠(语言学翻译),辜鸿铭,第三次,五四运动至新中国成立时期:西方政治、经济、思想、文化等翻译大量涌现马列主义经典著作、文艺理论等,如共产党宣言、资本论文学上有俄国的普希金、托尔斯泰等鲁迅(文学),瞿秋白(马克思主义哲学、苏俄文学)、梁实秋,林语堂,傅雷,钱钟书,朱生豪等(戏剧)。,第四次,新中国成立至今时期:全面繁荣发展,翻译的标准 Criteria,严复:信、达、雅。,信-忠实 fidelity/faithfulness/loyalty/accura
6、cy 达-expressiveness-通顺 fluency雅-优美 elegance,翻译的标准 Criteria,严复:信、达、雅。翻译工作有三项不易做到的事:忠实于原文,译文流畅明白,文字典雅。,雅?,忠实通顺,一般标准,信息内容完整交际效果准确文体风格贴切,翻译的方法 methods,语言:不同文化概念结构 不同语义结构形式 不同的文化交际模式 不同概念结构方法,Do you agree?,With a dictionary in hand,translation is just a piece of cake!,Examples,1)Milky Way*牛奶路 2)Wet Paint
7、*湿油漆 3)Wet floor.*湿地板,银河系,油漆未干,小心地滑!,4)This is the last thing he will do.*这是他干的最后一件事。,这是他最不愿干的事。,翻译的方法 methods,1.什么是直译?直译(Literal translation),即“字面翻译”。但这并不能简单地理解为字对字,词对词的翻译。,2.什么是意译?意译(free translation or liberal translation),是指译文与原文因表达方式上的差异,不便或无法将原文的思想内容或形象直接表现出来,需要依着用自己的措词奖原文的意思恰如其分地表达出来。也就是说,译者在
8、整体上把握原文的思想内容的基础上,摆脱原文的形象特征和句式结构,对原文进行必要的创造性的加工。,直译VS意译,直译,1)He is an old fox.,他是一只狡猾的老狐狸。,2)狡兔三窟,Cunning hare has three warrens.,3)趁热打铁,Strike while the iron is hot.,4)寄人篱下,To live under somebodys roof,5)As long as the green hills remain,there will never be a shortage of firewood.,留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。,6)As
9、distance tests a horses strength,so time reveals a persons heart.,路遥知马力,日久见人心。,“好”的译法,好的开始是成功的一半。,Well begun,half done.,他身体很好。,He is very well.,邻居对她都很好。,Her neighbors are all very kind to her.,这我们好解决。,The problem can be easily solved.,意译,计划订好了。,The plan has been drawn up.,好,今天到此为止。,Well,let us call
10、it a day.,你留个电话,有事好跟你联系。,Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary.,今天下午好几个人过来找你。,Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon.,How hot it is today!,今天下午好热。,甲:这一点小意思,请务必收下。乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这套?甲:唉,只是意思意思。乙:啊,真是不好意思。,A:This is a little gift as a token of my app
11、reciation.Please do take it.B:Oh,arent you a bit too polite?You should not do that.A:Well,it just conveys my gratitude.B:Ah,thank you then,though I really do not deserve it.,词义的褒贬,The peasants and workers were hand-in-glove with one another in the struggle against landlords and capitalists who worke
12、d hand-in-glove with each other.工农亲如一家(工农亲如手足),共同反对沆瀣一气(狼狈为奸)的地主资本家。The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.敌人杀了我们一个同志,我们宰了一个敌特。,希特勒在全世界都很有名。Hitler is notorious/famous throughout the world.周恩来总理是位杰出的政治家。Premier Zhou is a prominent statesman/politician.宣传对于此次活动的成功至关重要。Public
13、ity/Propaganda is very important for the success of this activity.,Chinese equivalent of Wife,妻子,妻爱人,夫人,老婆,太太,婆娘,婆姨,屋里人,媳妇儿,浑家,老婆子,老伴,内,内助,内子,孩子他妈,孩子他娘,贱内,内人,内子,拙荆,拙室,山妻,To expireTo pass awayTo close/end ones dayTo breathe ones lastTo go westTo pay the debt of natureTo depart to the world of shadows
14、To give up the ghostTo kick the bucket,逝世与世长辞寿终断气归西天了却尘缘命归黄泉见阎王翘辫子,Pun,Why is the river rich?Because it has two banks.因为它总是向钱流呀。因为它年年有鱼呀。,Free Translation and Literal Translation,“意译,直译,各有千秋,译者根据功能、审美、读者层三要求,宜直译就直译,宜意译就意译,能神游于规矩之内,宜能神游于规矩之外,能循规蹈矩,宜能离经叛道,方称得上翻译的行家里手。北京大学 辜正坤,翻译的意义 Importance,Purposes
15、1.to promote communication between nations促进国家、民族间的交流2.to learn or absorb advanced science and technology and culture学习、吸收其他民族先进科技与文化,学习西方文明、传播中华文明,搞来搞去,1.中国不搞扩张。2.搞好教师队伍建设。3.我们要搞好信息基础网络建设。4.我们搞社会主义才几十年,还处在初级阶段。,Group Discussion,For Reference:,1.China does not pursue expansion.2.We need to recruit a strong corps of capable teachers.3.We will build information network infrastructure.4.We have practiced socialism for only several decades and are still in the primary stage.,
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