how to write a paper 如何写论文.ppt
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1、Chapter7 How to write a report of survey、research and paper of study,调查报告、研究报告和研究论文的撰写,Ningsheng MaSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji University,Shanghai200092,P.R.ChinaTel:65982761Mob:,同济大学物理科学与工程学院 马宁生,1.Basic requirements of paper,OriginalClear viewSubstantialStrict argumentSuccinct
2、wordsDetailed data,1.论文的基本要求,出发点明确的观点实质性的(不能泛泛而谈)严格的论证简洁的文字详细的数据,2.Choices of paper form,reports descriptive statistics:when,where,who,what,how Explanatory analysis:explain the reasons of this phenomenon(why)Predictive analysis:under what circumstances thisphenomenon will happen?Translation,2.论文形式的选
3、择,报告描述性统计:何时,何地,谁,(做)什么,如何去做解释性分析:解释这种现象的原因(为什么)预测分析:在什么情况下会发生这种现象?,3.Choice of research methods,Documentary AnalysisComparative AnalysisEmpirical Social InvestigationObservation(social、Experimental)QuestionnaireInterviewEducation ExperimentCase AnalysisTranslation,3.研究方法的选择,文献分析比较分析经验社会调查观察问卷调查面试教育
4、实验案例分析,4.Structure of paper,(1)Preface(Putout problem and hypothesis)(2)Analysis of the problem(3)Conclusion,(1)Introduction(2)First sub-problem analysis(3)Second sub-problem analysis(4)Third sub-problem analysis(5)Conclusion,4.论文的结构,(1)前言(提出问题和假设)(2)分析问题(3)结论,(1)介绍(前言、引言)(2)第一子问题分析(3)第二子问题分析(4)第三子问
5、题分析(5)结论,5.How to write Introduction,(1)Background of study The problem comes from a phenomenon or trouble,it has produced significant influence,so it is necessary to solve,and study it!(2)Literature Review Have others done the research?To what degree?Whats the deficiency?Translation,5.如何写前言,(1)研究的背
6、景问题来自一个现象或问题,它产生了重大的影响,所以有必要解决,并研究它!(2)文献综述研究者们做了什么研究?研究到什么程度?不足之处是什么?,(3)Research Objectives On the basis of the existing study,what can I do to improve or supplement?Translation,(3)研究的目标根据现有的研究中,我能做些什么来改善或补充?,5.How to write Introduction,5.如何写介绍,6.Structure of paper(Problem analysis),BlockTandemUmb
7、rellaMixing,6.论文结构(问题分析),并(式)串(式)伞(式)混合(式),Block 并(式),Tandem 串(式),Umbrella 伞(式),A总论点;a1、a2、a3分论点;a11、a12、a13 支撑分论点a1的教材单元,余类推),(General structure is umbrella,substructure includes Tandem,Umbrella,Block.),Mixing混合,(总体结构为伞式,子结构(第2层、第3层)中有串式、伞式、并式。),Common Structures常见的结构,Heading标题,Subheading subheadin
8、g subheading副标题 副标题 副标题,Conclusions,(1)Innovation points of the study(2)New discoveries(3)SuggestionsTranslation,结论,(1)研究的创新点(2)新发现(3)建议,7.The basic format of paper,Title(In general,Chinese title contains not more than 20 words,when necessary,add subtitles);Authors name and unit;Abstract;Keywords(35
9、)Body;Acknowledgments(If there is);Note(If there is);References.If it is supported by a fund,indicatethe name and number of the fundproject.Translation,7.论文的基本格式,标题(一般来说,中文标题包含不超过20个单词,在必要的时候,添加副标题);作者的名字和单位;文摘(摘要);关键词(3 5)正文;感谢(如果有);注(如果有);引用(参考文献)。如果是由基金支持,表明该基金项目的项目名称和基金编号。,Abstract,The main cont
10、ent of abstract includes research purpose(shortly explain what problems to solve,which can be omitted),research methods and process(object,conditions,principles,steps,etc.),results and conclusion(innovation points).It should be prominent on the authors innovative contents and results and avoid the r
11、epetition and narrative of the general contents(such as the research background,significance,importance,etc).Translation,文摘,摘要的主要内容包括研究目的(解释要解决什么问题,也可以省略),研究方法和过程(对象、条件、原则、步骤等),结果和结论(创新点)。应该突出作者的创新内容和结果,避免重复和叙述的内容(如研究背景、意义、重要性等)。,Do use third-person way,that is to use these words,such as analyze,dis
12、cuss,adopt,study,reach,solve,cant use this paper,the author as subject.Dont write useless words,such as In this paper,the relevant research work is of a great improvement of the old technology,This work first realizes.,Through retrieval,it hasnt found similar literature.Abstract doesnt includes the
13、authors future research plans.Translation,用第三人称的方式使用这些词,如(该文)分析了、讨论了、采用了、研究了、达到了、解决了,不能使用作者作为主题。不要写无用的单词,如“本文相关研究工作是对旧技术的巨大改进”,“这个工作首先意识到”、“通过检索,还没有发现类似的文字报道”。摘要不包括作者的未来的研究计划。,Abstract,文摘,Description of references,Monographs marked in turn:serial number(plus brackets)author title of book publication
14、 place:publisher,publication year page numberJournals marked in turn:serial number(plus brackets)author title of article title of journalyearvolume(issue)page number,专著标记:序列号(加上括号),作者,书名,出版的地方:出版社,出版年,数字页面。期刊标记:序列号(加上括号),作者,论文标题,杂志名称,年度,卷号,数字页面。,描述的引用,Description of references,Document typed in sing
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