eterminers限定词.ppt

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1、Determiners 限定词,I.A general review of determiners definition function classification II.Articles III.Numerals IV.The usage of other determiners V.Collocations between determiners,The definition(定义)of determiners Words that are used with a noun,and that limit the meaning of the noun in some way.-deno

2、ting(表示)such referential(指称)meanings as specific reference,generic reference,definite quantity or indefinite quantity.the/that boy(specific reference 特指)a boy(generic reference 类指)some/many boys(indefinite quantity 非确定数量)ten boys(definite quantity 确定数量),The function of determiners The new gas stove

3、in the kitchen which I bought last month has a very efficient oven.The stove has a very efficient oven.Stove has a very efficient oven.New stove/Gas stove has a very efficient oven.限定词与名词一起构成名词词组，是构成名词词组，乃至句子的不可缺少的组成部分。,The classification(分类)of determiners In English the following words can be used

4、as determiners:1)articles(冠词):definite/indefinite/zero articles e.g.:a pencil,the garden,horses 2)possessive determiners(物主限定词)e.g.:her house,my bicycle3)genitive nouns(名词属格)e.g.:Marys room,my friends books4)demonstrative determiners(指示限定词)e.g.:this box,that car,these people,those students,such brea

5、d5)relative determiners(关系限定词)e.g.:The book whose plot centers round an old noble family is interesting.,6)interrogative determiners(疑问限定词)e.g.:Whose books are these?7)indefinite determiners(不定限定词)e.g.:no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,othe

6、r,another,etc.8)numerals(数词):cardinal/ordinal/fractional(分数的)and multiplicative(倍数的)numerals e.g.:three chairs,the first day,two-thirds of the students,twice the amount9)quantifiers(量词)e.g.:a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a great deal of,a large amount/quantity of,a great/large/good number of,etc.,最常见、使用

7、频率最高的限定词,Articles 冠词(a determiner that may indicate the specificity 专一性，专属性 of reference of a noun phrase)1.冠词与名词的搭配2.冠词的主要用法3.冠词的固定短语,1.冠词与名词的搭配(collocation),a book,the book,the books,the bread,books,bread,2.冠词的主要用法2.1不定冠词的用法 2.2 定冠词的用法2.3 零冠词的用法,2.1 不定冠词的用法,1）表示“一个”人或事物。a child a garden 但强调“一”时，则用

8、“one”。I want to buy one copy,not two.2）表示“一类”人或事物。A teacher is one who teaches in school.A tractor is more useful than a horse.3）在某些固定搭配中。have a word with,2.2 定冠词的用法,1）用于表示叙述中第二次提到的，或谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Mr.Wangs uncle works at a university.The university is in Shanghai.Close the door,please.2）用于单数可数名词前，表种类

9、。The telephone was invented by Bell.The early bird catches the worms.3）用于表示世界上独一无二的事物，以及表示江河、海洋、山脉、群岛和沙漠等地理名称。the Universe the Bible the Yangtse River the Philippine Islands the Pacific Ocean the Rocky Mountains the Sahara Desert【注】海岛、山峰及湖泊等地理名称前一般不用冠词。Taiwan Island Mount Jolmo Lungma Lake Michigan但

10、被“of”短语修饰时要加定冠词。the Lake of Geneva the Island of Taiwan,4）用于被限定意味较强的定语（特别是定语从句和of短语结构）修饰的名词前。the book you bought yesterday the history of China(cf.Chinese history)5）用于西洋乐器名称前，表示演奏某种乐器。play the violin(the piano)【注】演奏的中国传统乐器名称前不用冠词。play er-hu/pi-pa6）用于姓氏的复数形式和民族名称前，表示全家和整个民族。The Turners are sitting at

11、 breakfast table.The Chinese are a brave and hard working people.【注】不定冠词和定冠词有时用于姓氏前，表示不定或特定的意味。A Mr.Smith called while you were out.(不定冠词用于表示只知其名但不熟悉的人)Id like to see the Mr.Smith who works in the box office.(定冠词用于特指某个姓氏的人),2.3 零冠词的用法,1）专有名词（国名、地名、人名）前：China Mary Peking University当专有名词是由几个普通名词或带有形容词

12、修饰语的名词词组构成时，通常要用定冠词 the。the United States the White House the Red Square2）不可数名词、复数可数名词表示泛指时不用定冠词。Failure is the mother of success.Without water man can not live.Teachers generally like diligent students.3）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。We go to school from Monday to Friday.Summer is coming.,4）在称呼

13、或表示官衔、职位的名词前不加冠词（作主语时除外）。Nelson became monitor of our class.(ambassador,general manager)5）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词。have breakfast play chess 6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词。by bus by train 7）有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。go

14、to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院,【注】冠词+普通名词表类/属/泛指,(1)a(n)+单数可数名词 A tiger is a fierce animal.(2)the+单数可数名词 The tiger is a fierce animal.(3)+复数可数名词 Tigers are fierce animals.(4)+不可数名词 Blood is thicker than water.(5)the+形容词 The old are apt to catch cold.,【注】冠词+可数名词表类/属的几种方式的区别,(1)a(n)+单数可数名词 A

15、 tiger is a fierce animal.用一个具体的例子代表一类(2)the+单数可数名词 The tiger is a fierce animal.概括一类事物，以区别另一类(3)+复数可数名词 Tigers are fierce animals.通过泛指概括一类事物的全体,3.冠词的固定短语,3.1 不定冠词的固定搭配 all of a sudden come to an end as a rule have a word with as a whole have a cold in a way make a living Its a pity that take a walk

16、 have a rest be in a hurry at a loss have a good time in a word take an interest in make a fortune,3.2 定冠词的固定搭配 by the way in the air in the morning in the evening in the end in the meanwhile on the contrary on the increase/decrease on the spot out of the question on the whole on the average in the

17、sun to the point play the fool on the right,3.3 零冠词的固定搭配 at first at last at table at desk on foot by air/water/land/car/ship in debt in trouble at night after dark by chance in detail in hospital in bed go to school go to bed set sail in common,Numerals 数词,1.基数词 基数词本身无复数，习惯用语除外。cf.five hundred peop

18、le（基数词）hundreds of people（习惯用语）其它习语：thousands of tens of thousands of millions of hundreds upon hundreds of 数词与名词构成复合定语时，中间一般有连字符，且只用名词的单数形式。a five-week holiday a two-thousand-word report,2.序数词 序数词前一般要用定冠词the，但有时也用a，其含义为“又一次（个）”。cf.(a)I lost the first two games but I managed to win the third game.(b

19、)I lost the first two games but I want to try a third game.有时，基数词和序数词均可用来表示编号或次序，注意表达方式。Room 106 Act Three the second floor the first time,【注】名词+基数词：着重“编号，号码”序数词+名词：着重“顺序，次序”有时可互换：Lesson One=the first lesson 有时不可互换：Room 106 the 106th room,其它限定词的用法,限定词与三类名词的搭配 PP.60-63,1）many a vs.many many a+单数可数名词

20、较后者文气，更具强调含义 要求接单数谓语动词 many+复数名词 意义相同 She has been to Beijing many a time/many times.Many an accident has happened here.,2）a lot of vs.plenty of a lot of指绝对数量的多，plenty of只是指数量相对之多，含“足够”、“可满足需要”的意味。He spends a lot of time on reading every day.Dont hurry.There is plenty of time to catch the train.,3）t

21、he few vs.the little the few和the little表示特指和肯定。John was among the few students who really understood it.Lets not waste the little time we have left.,4）another vs.other another+可数名词单数:表示不定的“另一个”This book is too difficult.Show me another one.another+（带few或具体数字的）复数名词:表示“另外若干个”The strike may last anothe

22、r three days Ill be here for another few weeks,other可用于各种名词前。the other+可数名词单数:表示特指的“另一个”Of the three books on the desk,two are written by Dickens,the other one is written by Mark Twain.other+复数名词:表示不定的“其余的”人或物 the other+复数名词:表示特定的“其余的”人或物 Some delegates said“Yes”,other delegates said“No”.John is her

23、e,but the other boys are at school.,other表“另外的”接复数名词，如与具体数词连用，则置于数词之后，但与定冠词the连用时，other要放在数词前。1Tony is going camping with _ boys next Sunday Alittle two other Btwo little other Ctwo other little Dlittle other two 2.史密斯先生让我再拿三台录音机来。Mr.Smith asked me to fetch three other recorders 3.你知道他是在哪儿找到另外两张照片的呢

24、？Do you know where he found the other two photos？,限定词与限定词的搭配,英语限定词的定位(According to their potential positions,determiners fall into three subclasses:pre-determiners,central determiners&post-determiners.)前位限定词有：分数词、倍数词和all,both,half,such a(an)等。中位限定词有：冠词、指示限定词、代词所有格、所有格名词和some,any,no,every,each,either

25、,enough,much等及以wh-起头的词。后位限定词有：基数词、序数词、量词和many,more,most,little,few(er,-est),last,next,several,other,another,such等。,英语限定词的排序 1.前位中位后位2.前位、中位限定词相互排斥，不能同时使用。3.后位限定词可能重叠出现，其词序不定。,【注】英语限定词排序应注意的几个问题1.such a单数可数名词的结构是一种例外。2.a half hourhalf an hour3.little表“小的”时是形容词，不属于限定的范畴，其排序不受以上语法的约束。只有当little表示“少”时才是限定词。Tony is going camping with two other little boys.,Ex.6A(P63)1-5 AABDB 6-10 CCCDB11-15 ACABC 16-20 DBDCD,