DMAIC-I阶段(UT).ppt
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1、DMAIC改进法 I改进阶段,2,1.0(D)定义阶段,2.0(M)测量阶段,3.0(A)分析阶段,4.0(I)改进阶段,5.0(C)控制阶段,定 义,DMAIC,课前回顾:,确定业务改进的机会(Opportunities);确定CTQ(Critical to quality)和Y;确定课题名称和目标(Topic,Target);成立团队,订立团队章程,组名,成员责任(Team,Policy,Name,Roles&Responsibilities);确定和绘制流程图(SIPOC);将客户的声音转化为关键客户要求(VOCVoice Of Customer);制定小组项目行动计划(Project
2、Plan)。,3,DMAIC,确定输入输出的指标(X,Y);收集数据,将数据分类分析(Data collection);数据类型(定性:属性型数据;定量:连续型数据,离散型数据)鱼骨图,头脑风暴法,因果矩阵法,进行初步数据分析;决定是否存在特殊的原因;测量系统分析,排除测量系统误差;Mini-tab:数据转换,储存;测量系统分析(连续型数据&离散型数据:重复性repeatability,再现性 reproducibility80%为可靠)。,测 量,课前回顾:,1.0(D)定义阶段,2.0(M)测量阶段,3.0(A)分析阶段,4.0(I)改进阶段,5.0(C)控制阶段,4,DMAIC,分 析,
3、课前回顾:,1.0(D)定义阶段,2.0(M)测量阶段,3.0(A)分析阶段,4.0(I)改进阶段,5.0(C)控制阶段,分析根本原因并将原因进行证实:集思广益、利用统计工具等方式来确定引起质量缺陷的核心变量过程分析:运行时间分析,瓶颈分析,增值分析;数据分析:分层分析,散点图分析,多变异分析;问题聚焦;正态检验:P-Value0.05为正态分布;正态分布转换;假设检验:连续型t假设检验,ANOVA;离散型x2;H0,H1,I类错误(把好人判为坏人):=0.05,p0.05无显著差异Mini-tab:直方图,Dotplot点图,Boxplot箱线图,柏拉图,运行图,控制图,过程能力计算Cp,C
4、pk。,5,了解科学解决问题的基本思路;掌握运用DMAIC模型中I为KFE小组提供问题解决的统一模型和成果展示的方法和思路.,课程目的:,6,课程时间安排,改进阶段介绍90 分钟改进阶段课堂练习20 分钟课堂休息10 分钟课堂练习点评10 分钟控制阶段介绍70 分钟控制阶段课堂练习25 分钟点评和总结15 分钟,7,Storyboards(情节串连图板),情景串连图板可以帮助团队理顺思路,列出工作重点。通过使用一系列图表和照片将小组活动连接起来。可以将小组特定活动用这种图表流连接起来,作为工作指导和展示之用。,8,Root Cause Quantification(原因分析的量化分解),Def
5、ine the Opportunity定义机会,Critical Customer Requirement and Project Goal关键客户需求和项目目标,Analyze Opportunity分析机会,Stratification分层,80%,60%,25%,75%,60%,Target,Quantify Proposed Solution(s)量化原因和解决方案,Problem Statement(Target),25%,r=0.9,50%,Root Causes,9,Summary of Statistical Tools 1(统计工具总结掌握),10,Summary of St
6、atistical Tools 2(统计工具总结选修),11,4.0 改进阶段,3.0 分析阶段,5.0控制阶段,确定解决方案制定解决方案执行计划沟通改进策略,用于改进的实施方案方案实施行动计划改进方案的沟通信息:过程流程图分析文档影响和收益,评估并选择解决方案确定实施解决方案后可带来的好处开发方案实施计划就实施方案跟顾客及时沟通,2.0 Measure Performance,1.0 定义阶段,2.0测量阶段,目标,主要行动,可能用到的工具和技术,主要交付产物,4.0 改进阶段,12,改进阶段的目标,改进阶段目标开发改进方案检查并量化关键影响因素选择正确的用于改进的工具可以考虑除实验设计以外
7、的其它改进方案模拟解决方案复杂问题采用实验设计,13,改进阶段的主要行动,评估并选择解决方案确定实施解决方案后可带来的好处开发方案实施计划就实施方案跟顾客及时沟通,14,从成本和利益方面考虑各项选择以数据为依据标准及决定因素时间及执行力度成本及未来成本对客户的影响对业务和内部流程的影响可控性和长期效应,选择解决方案的根据,15,需要回答以下几个问题:如果采用一项解决方案,其优缺点各是什么?有没有其他可能的解决方案的组合?就结果而言,哪项解决方案最好?选中的方案是可实施的吗?,选择了解决方案后,16,制定行动计划,过程控制系统/跟踪系统责任划分任务说明战略保证应急计划沟通/信息传递评估策略,收集
8、数据以评价方案是否很适合解决问题方案是否满足我们的要求是否有新的问题出现?数据收集方法,17,改进阶段的常用工具,优先矩阵FMEA(失效模式及有效性分析)决策图关联图甘特图流程图DOE,18,改进阶段的常用工具,DOE实验设计(简述)团队决策方法优先矩阵法(推荐)表决法方案试运行改进计划防错/防呆设计,19,DOE实验设计(简述),DOE(Design Of Experiments)实验设计定义A systematic set of procedures and checks which permits one to evaluate the effect of one or more fac
9、tors without concern about extraneous variables or subjective judgments.DOE是一整套系统化的程序,用于评估一个或多个因素的影响,而不考虑无关变量或主观判断.Begins with the statement of the experimental objective and ends with the reporting of the results.DOE开始于实验目标的描述,结束于实验结果的报告.It may often lead to further experimentation.经常会导致进一步的实验.It i
10、s the vehicle of the scientific method,giving unambiguous results which can be used for inferring cause and effect.这是一种科学方法的手段,通过一个明确的结果来推断因果关系.,20,DOE实验设计(简述),DOE(Design Of Experiments)General Model实验设计模型:,21,DOE实验设计(简述),Experimental Design Terminology(术语),Response(响应)a measurable outcome of intere
11、st,e.g.yield,strength,etcFactors(因子/因素)controllable variables that are deliberately manipulated to determine their individual and joint effects on the response(s),e.g.temperature,time,etcLevel(水平)a value or setting of a factor,e.g.Level 1 for time=2 hr Level 2 for time=3 hrTreatment(处理)a set of spec
12、ified factor levels for an experimental rune.g.Treatment 1:time=2 hr and temperature=175C Treatment 2:time=3 hr and temperature=225CNoise(噪音)variables that affect product/process performance,whose values cannot be controlled or are not controlled for economic reasons,22,DOE实验设计(简述),DOE Objectives(目标
13、),To determine which factors have an influential effect on the responseTo determine the appropriate settings of the influential factors for optimization of the responseTo determine the appropriate settings of the influential factors for minimization of the responses variabilityTo determine the appro
14、priate settings of the influential factors for maximization of the responses robustness vs the noise factors,DOE Applications(应用),Product Design:identification of key design variables;design optimization;preliminary assessment of product variabilityProcess Design:identification of key process variab
15、les;assessment of effects of uncontrolled variables;process optimization;process capability studiesProcess Operation:determination of component tolerances;on-line process monitoring;on-line process optimization,23,DOE实验设计(简述),One-Factor-At-A-Time(OFAT)Strategy 同时变量,A sequence of experimental runs in
16、 which only one factor is manipulated while the values of all other factors are held constant,followed by a sequence of experimental runs in which a second factor is manipulated and all other factors are held constant,and so on.每一次实验只有一个因子发生变化,而其他因子不变;然后第二个因子变化,其他因子不变 如A,B,C 三个因素子有两个level:level1,lev
17、el2,实验设计方案有8个:(A1,B1,C1 A1,B1,C2 A1,B2,C1 A1,B2,C2 A2,B1,C1 A2,B1,C2 A2,B2,C1 A2,B2,C2),24,DOE实验设计(简述),Interactions 交互作用,An interaction occurs when the effect of one factor,X1,on the response,Y,depends on the setting(level)of another factor,X2.Y=f(x)For example,when baking biscuits,the temperature t
18、hat you set the oven at is dependent on the time that the biscuits will be in the oven.交互作用指在X2因素的设置的基础上X1因素对输出Y的影响.比如,烘烤饼干时,炉子温度的设置取决于烘考时间的长短.,Where would you set time to get a good cake?制作一个好的蛋糕应设多少时间?How would you experiment on this process to learn about the interaction?如何通过实验的过程来理解交互作用?,25,DOE实
19、验设计(简述),Strategy of Experimentation 实验策略,The purpose of an experiment is to betterunderstand the real world,not to understand theexperimental data一个实验的设计是有利于更好的了解真实世界而不是实验数据本身William DiamondIBM-Retired Statistician,Define the Problem 定义问题Establish the Objective 设置目标Select the Output(Response)选择(响应)S
20、elect the Input Factors(Xs)选择输入变量Choose the Factor Levels 选择变量水平Select the Experiment Design&Sample Size 选择实验设计和样本大小Collect the Data 收集数据Analyze the Data 分析数据Draw Conclusions 结论Achieve the Objective 完成目标,Step 1,Design Of Experiments:Any investigation in which the inputs are controlled and the analys
21、is has been planned实验设计:任何一个对输入的研究应是受控的,分析应是计划好的.,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,26,DOE实验设计(简述),Establish the Objective建立目标,Establish the Objective of the Experiment 建立实验目标What do you want to discover by conducting the experiment?通过实验你希望发现什么?Are you trying to establish the relationship between the input facto
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